scholarly journals Analysis of the Determinants of Public Education Expenditures in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Rashidul Islam Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Fiscal Illusion ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Education Financing ◽  
Bias Model ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Education Expenditures

This study based on the well-known theories of public policy analysis, economics, as well as public finance through empirically exploring and examining the determinants of public expenditure on education in Bangladesh. It is postulated, for the purpose of the research that education expenditures are determined by multidimensional factors. Economic-demographic, decision-making, political, and new institutionalism theories are therefore been studied, along with the concept of education. This research identified as well as computed education expenditure by types along with levels of education as per the distribution of government budget and the education system of Bangladesh. The results disclosed that education financing policy in Bangladesh is primarily determined by the previous year’s expenditures. Indirect tax also increased the total education expenditure as percentage of GDP. This is what in line of incrementalism theory and fiscal illusion or voting bias model suggests, respectively. Furthermore, total populations and government effectiveness has the positive impact of types as well as levels of education expenditures; implying that government of Bangladesh taken under consideration only certain factors and neglects to incorporate the importance of economic, governance and educational determinants while allocating education expenditures.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Determinants of Education Expenditures in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Najumunisha Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Educational Expenditures ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Malaysian Government

Expenditure on education helps in improving the skill formation and raises the ability of individuals to produce and work. It is said to be an investment in human capital which is closely connected with the economic development. Government education spending is of great importance to national development and plays a prime role in assisting growth and knowledge deepening. The aim of this study is to build on the established theories of public policy analysis on education and to empirically investigate and analyze the determinants of public expenditure on education in Malaysia. For the occasion of this study, it is posited that education expenditure is determined by multidimensional determinants. A number of theories are therefore incorporated regarding economic-demographics and political concept which have been used in the study. The results reveal that the education policy in Malaysia is mainly determined by budget deficit and the revenue collected by the government with a significant coefficient variables of -0.22and 0.15 percent respectively. Besides, unemployment has an inverse but insignificant impact on total educational expenditures. These results imply that the Malaysian government mainly takes into account only certain factors and neglect to incorporate the importance of other factors, such as demographic and educational indicators, when allocating education expenditures. Whereas Malaysian government education expenditure doesn’t focus on the political factor which is well described by the insignificant level of 0.80 percent of the dummy election cycle variable.

scholarly journals Education Expenditure-Led Growth: Evidence from Nigeria (1980-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukemi I. Lawanson ◽  
Dominic I. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
School Funding ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the belief that education fosters economic growth by analyzing the impact of Government education expenditures at different levels on economic growth using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2018. Time series econometrics tests like Unit Root, cointegration, Error Correction Model and Granger Causality were employed to test the hypothesis of education expenditure-led growth strategy. The outcomes of the studies showed that that there is cointegration between total government education expenditures, primary, secondary and tertiary education expenditure and economic growth. The outcomes of the study also revealed that all levels of education expenditure contribute to economic growth positively (tertiary education exerting more positive impact) and are statistically significant (except primary education expenditure that is not significant) at 5%level. The study equally revealed bi-directional causality between t all levels public expenditure on education and economic growth. The study therefore, recommends improved funding for education at all levels given their interconnections. It also recommends that funding of primary education should by supported Federal Government as weak primary school funding will impact on quality of pupils that graduate to secondary school. Again policies aimed at diversifying and broadening the Nigerian economy be rekindled as economic growth have the potential of increasing education spending.

scholarly journals Enhancing governance for environmental sustainability in sub-Saharan Africa

2020 ◽  
pp. 014459871990065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A Asongu ◽  
Nicholas M Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Political Governance

This study assesses whether improving governance standards affects environmental quality in 44 countries in sub-Saharan Africa for the period 2000–2012. The empirical evidence is based on generalized method of moments. Bundled and unbundled governance dynamics are used, notably: (i) political governance (consisting of political stability and “voice and accountability”); (ii) economic governance (entailing government effectiveness and regulation quality), (iii) institutional governance (represented by the rule of law and corruption-control); and (iv) general governance (encompassing political, economic, and institutional governance dynamics). The following hypotheses are tested: (i) Hypothesis 1 ( improving political governance is negatively related to carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions); (ii) Hypothesis 2 ( increasing economic governance is negatively related to CO2 emissions); and (iii) Hypothesis 3 ( enhancing institutional governance is negatively related to CO2 emissions). Results of the tested hypotheses show that the validity of Hypothesis 3 cannot be determined based on the results; Hypothesis 2 is not valid, while Hypothesis 1 is partially not valid. The main policy implication is that governance standards need to be further improved in order for government quality to generate the expected unfavorable effects on CO2 emissions.

scholarly journals Globalisation and governance in Africa: a critical contribution to the empirics

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simplice A. Asongu ◽  
Uchenna Efobi ◽  
Vanessa S. Tchamyou
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Institutional Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Generalised Method Of Moments ◽  
Political Governance ◽  
Economic Globalisation

Purpose This study aims to assess the effect of globalisation on governance in 51 African countries for the period 1996-2011. Design/methodology/approach Ten bundled and unbundled governance indicators and four globalisation variables are used. The empirical evidence is based on Generalised Method of Moments. Findings Firstly, on political governance, while only social globalisation improves political stability, only economic globalisation does not increase voice and accountability and political governance. Secondly, with regard to economic governance: only economic globalisation significantly promotes regulation quality; social globalisation and general globalisation significantly advance government effectiveness; and economic globalisation and general globalisation significantly promote economic governance. Thirdly, with respect to institutional governance, while only social globalisation improves corruption-control, the effects of globalisation dynamics on the rule of law and institutional governance are not significant. Fourthly, the impacts of social globalisation and general globalisation are positive on general governance. Practical implications It follows that political governance is driven by voice and accountability compared to political stability; economic governance is promoted by both regulation quality and government effectiveness from specific globalisation angles; and globalisation does not improve institutional governance for the most part. Originality/value Governance variables are bundled and unbundled to reflect evolving conceptions and definitions of governance. Theoretical contributions and policy implications are discussed.

MULTIVARIATE TOBIT SYSTEM ESTIMATION OF EDUCATION EXPENDITURE IN URBAN CHINA

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 1450005 ◽  
Author(s):  
QUHENG DENG ◽  
JINJUN XUE
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Private Tutoring ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Education Inequality ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Per Capita

Using the 2007 education survey data in urban China, this paper measures the inequality of education expenditures, an indicator of education inequality, and analyzes the effect of household income on the components of education expenditures. Since the components of education expenditure are censored and inter-related, this paper runs a multivariate Tobit system regression of five categories of education expenditures. Our results imply that household income per capita positively affects expenditure on boarding, private tutoring and costs for selecting schools but does not affect expenditure on textbooks. In return, the inequality of education expenditures contribute to income inequality in urban China.

scholarly journals The Impact of Political, Legal and Economic Institutions on Family Takaful/ Life Insurance Consumption in OIC Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghaith Mahaini ◽  
Kamaruzaman Noordin ◽  
Mohammad Taqiuddin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Insurance Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at testing the impact of political, legal and economic institutions on life insurance/ family takaful consumption in OIC countries. Using a panel data covering 33 OIC countries for the years from 1990 till 2016, fixed effects and random effects models have been utilised. The empirical results suggest that for political institutions, more government effectiveness promotes consumption of life insurance in OIC countries. Additionally, the more unstable the country is, the more life insurance/family takaful is purchased perhaps as an attempt of individuals to mitigate the increased level of risks. Similarly, economic institutions, measured by both investment freedom and financial freedom, have a positive impact on life insurance consumption in OIC countries. However, results show that trade freedom index has a negative impact. Further, legal institutions do not seem to have any significant impact on life insurance consumption in OIC countries.

Trust in Government and Government Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Potential Problems

This chapter examines whether, when, and how lustration and truth commissions affected trust in government and government effectiveness. Lustration had a direct positive relationship with government effectiveness; more extensive lustration programs appeared to have a bigger positive impact on government effectiveness than more informal programs. However, with respect to trust in government, the lustration effects were largely indirect and temporally contingent. Only early lustration was clearly associated with trust in government. Later in the transition, reforms registered weaker effects on trust in government, if any. To illustrate further the dynamics associated with the timing of reforms, the chapter explores the case of Poland’s late reform programs, highlighting some of the potential problems with domestic politicization of late reform efforts. Poland’s programs illustrate that while the timing of reforms matters, effective implementation of lustration can happen early or late in the transition process.

scholarly journals Government Education Expenditure, Third-party Spillover Effect and Economic Growth in China

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangyi Qi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
High Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Spatial Spillover ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Local Economic Growth ◽  
Spatial Spillover Effects

This paper investigates the impacts of government education expenditure on economic growth in China taking into account the spatial third-party spillover effects. After the theretical analyse, a spatial panel estimation model based on the augmented Solow model is applied by using province data in China during 2007 and 2013. The results reveal that (1) In a whole, Government education expenditure in China has significantly positive impact on economic growth, but expenditure in different educational level shows different results. Government education expenditure in below high-education is positive related to local economic growth, whereas the effect of education expenditure in high-education is insignificant. (2) Neighboring government education expenditure shows spatial spillover effects on local economic growth, and spatial spillover effects in two education level is different. (3) Other input factors of third-governmet also have spatial effects. Some policies about education and economic development are proposed. Meanwhile this study recommends that corporation relationship among regions is very important.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN PEMBIAYAAN PENDIDIKAN : (Studi di SMPN 1 Curup Timur, Rejang Lebong, Bengkulu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 064
Author(s):  
Saidil Mustar
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Data Reduction ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Education Funding ◽  
Accurate Data ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Data Presentation ◽  
Education Financing ◽  
The Government

This study aimed to find the portrayal of financing policy implementation through the management of BOS funds at SMPN 1 Curup Timur. Viewed from the problem under study, this study was descriptive in nature, and it deployed a qualitative approach. In order to obtain accurate data related to this problem, this study used two methods, observations and interviews with the principal. Once collected, the data were further analyzed by means of the following stages: Data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings of this study concluded that the implementation of Education Financing Policy at SMP 1 Curup Timur was manifested in the management of BOS funds. The procurement of BOS (School Operational Assistance) funds at this school was supported by the government, and the budgets were dependent upon the number of students with the amount of one million for one student. There were almost 700 students at this school. BOS funds were distributed every 3 months, and then there were 20% of the budgets for books and infrastructure. BOS-driven education funding, especially at SMP, was already implemented in accordance with the technical guidelines and was supervised by the local government.

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