scholarly journals Analysis of the Determinants of Education Expenditures in Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Najumunisha Abdul Jabbar ◽  
Doris Padmini Selvaratnam
Keyword(s):  
National Development ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Educational Expenditures ◽  
Political Concept ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Malaysian Government

Expenditure on education helps in improving the skill formation and raises the ability of individuals to produce and work. It is said to be an investment in human capital which is closely connected with the economic development. Government education spending is of great importance to national development and plays a prime role in assisting growth and knowledge deepening. The aim of this study is to build on the established theories of public policy analysis on education and to empirically investigate and analyze the determinants of public expenditure on education in Malaysia. For the occasion of this study, it is posited that education expenditure is determined by multidimensional determinants. A number of theories are therefore incorporated regarding economic-demographics and political concept which have been used in the study. The results reveal that the education policy in Malaysia is mainly determined by budget deficit and the revenue collected by the government with a significant coefficient variables of -0.22and 0.15 percent respectively. Besides, unemployment has an inverse but insignificant impact on total educational expenditures. These results imply that the Malaysian government mainly takes into account only certain factors and neglect to incorporate the importance of other factors, such as demographic and educational indicators, when allocating education expenditures. Whereas Malaysian government education expenditure doesn’t focus on the political factor which is well described by the insignificant level of 0.80 percent of the dummy election cycle variable.

scholarly journals The Effects of Government Education Spending on School Enrollment in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 288
Author(s):  
Megawati Megawati
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Probit Model ◽  
School Enrollment ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Interaction Terms ◽  
Education Data ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government

Government expenditure for education increases every year for the implementation of education sector including to increase the number of enrollment rate. However, there are some children who do not enroll in school especially senior high school-aged children. This study examines the effects of government spending on education on school enrollment in Indonesia. This research uses cross-sectional data from the National Socioeconomic Survey (Susenas) and the government spending on education data for four years. This study uses probit model by employing the government education spending as the main factor. The control variables used in this study consist of parents’ education, household expenditure, male, urban, birth order, the number of siblings, missing parent, GRDP per capita, year dummy, and interaction terms among some variables. The observation is divided into two groups of age: 7-15 and 16-18. The results show that the government education spending has a positive and significant effect on school enrollment in Indonesia. In addition, the interaction terms show that the government education spending is associated with greater probability of school enrollment for poor children and for the girls.

scholarly journals Impact of Public Education Expenditures on Economic Wellbeing in Developing Economies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-139
Author(s):  
Faiz ur Rahim ◽  
Posha Gul ◽  
Madiha Asma
Keyword(s):  
Public Education ◽  
Developing Economies ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Consumption Expenditure ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Final Consumption ◽  
Educational Expenditures ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Education can affect economic growth and wellbeing through different channels like by increasing the efficiency of the workforce, reducing inequality, and increasing the knowledge and the innovative capacity of an economy. The key objective of the present research is to explore the impact of public education expenditures on economic wellbeing in developing economies. The present study explored the impact of public education expenditures on economic wellbeing by using panel dataset of 21 developing economies over the period of 1980-2014. Household Final Consumption Expenditure Per Capita was used as a proxy to measure economic wellbeing. The panel estimation technique of Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) was used for the analysis. Research findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between education expenditure and economic wellbeing. Economic wellbeing of the society was directly linked with more priority to educational expenditures in public budget. Hence, developing economies should enhance their public spending on education. Keywords: Economics of Education, Public Education Expenditure, Economic Wellbeing, Household Final Consumption Expenditure per Capita, Developing Economies

e-Bario and e-Bedian Project Implementation in Malaysia

2005 ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Jayapragas Gnaniah ◽  
Alvin W. Yeo ◽  
Hushairi Zen ◽  
Peter Songan ◽  
Khairuddin Ab. Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Knowledge Society ◽  
National Development ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Digital Gap ◽  
Malaysian Government

The Malaysian government inspires the country to become a fully developed nation with an emphasis on knowledge-based economy by the year 2020. Though the government has been pushing aggressively for one household to own one computer and at least an Internet connection, it is difficult to see these desires and plans of the Malaysian government going beyond the borders of urban centres and small towns due to the limited infrastructure and amenities. In Sarawak, it has been noted that there are limited mechanisms to ensure that remote rural populations are able to get the same benefits as their urban counterparts due to its vast undeveloped areas and that the majority of Sarawak’s population live in such areas. Harris (1999) has remarked that even though Sarawak’s rural population was promised a full and equitable share in the benefits of national development, it has great potential to be sidelined in the nation’s quest towards a knowledge society. This situation, if left unchecked, would produce an “unbridgeable” digital gap between the developed urban communities and the technologically impoverished rural communities.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Determinants of Public Education Expenditures in Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Rashidul Islam Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Governance ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Fiscal Illusion ◽  
Financing Policy ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Education Financing ◽  
Bias Model ◽  
Public Policy Analysis ◽  
Education Expenditures

This study based on the well-known theories of public policy analysis, economics, as well as public finance through empirically exploring and examining the determinants of public expenditure on education in Bangladesh. It is postulated, for the purpose of the research that education expenditures are determined by multidimensional factors. Economic-demographic, decision-making, political, and new institutionalism theories are therefore been studied, along with the concept of education. This research identified as well as computed education expenditure by types along with levels of education as per the distribution of government budget and the education system of Bangladesh. The results disclosed that education financing policy in Bangladesh is primarily determined by the previous year’s expenditures. Indirect tax also increased the total education expenditure as percentage of GDP. This is what in line of incrementalism theory and fiscal illusion or voting bias model suggests, respectively. Furthermore, total populations and government effectiveness has the positive impact of types as well as levels of education expenditures; implying that government of Bangladesh taken under consideration only certain factors and neglects to incorporate the importance of economic, governance and educational determinants while allocating education expenditures.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Rata-Rata Lama Berpendidikan dan Pengeluaran Pemerintah Terhadap Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
Gambang Abdul Makna
Keyword(s):  
Government Spending ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Education Sector ◽  
Positive Coefficient ◽  
Negative Coefficient ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh rata-rata lama pendidikan dan pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja, apakah koefiseien negatif ataukah positif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah koefisien negatif dari rata-rata lama berpendidikan adalah -37,61 yang berarti jika rata-rata lama berpendidikan naik 1% maka penyerapan tenaga kerja turun 37,61. Koefisien positif dari pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan sebesar 9,48 yang berarti jika pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan naik 1% maka penyerapan tenaga kerja naik sebesar 9,48. Koefisien positif dari pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan sebesar 1,81 yang berarti jika pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan naik sebesar 1% maka penyerapan tenaga kerja juga naik sebesar 1,81. Rata-rata lama berpendidikan. Pengeluaran pemerintah sektor pendidikan dan pengeluaran pemerintah sektor kesehatan secara bersama sama berpengaruh terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the average length of education and government spending on employment, whether the coefficient negative or positive.Results from this study is the negative coefficient of the average length of education is -37.61 that means if the average length of education rose 1%, the employment fell 37.61. Positive coefficient of government expenditures for education sector is 9.48, which means if the government education spending rose 1%, the employment increased by 9.48. Positive coefficient of government spending health sector amounted to 1.81 which means that if the government health sector spending rose by 1% then employment also rose by 1.81. The average length of education. Government expenditure of education sector and the health sector of government spending with the same effect on employment

scholarly journals Analisis Crowding Out Efiect dan Public Choice dalam Penentuan Anggaran Pendidikan Pemerintah Daerah Studi Kasus 337 Kab./Kota Periode 2001-2005 di Indonesia

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83
Author(s):  
Irfani Fithria U.M.
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Public Choice ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Education Spending ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Government Education ◽  
Centralized System

The Focus of this study is crowdi.ng out effect and public choice mechanism i.n determination of education expenditures of local government. Education spending has risen significantly over three last decades. Indonesia 2001's decentralization is rapidly moving the country from one of the most centralized system in the world to one of the most decenualized. The country has embarked on a program of fiscal, administrative and political decenu-alization at the same time. It has been asserted that larger education expenditures have caused local governments to spend less on other types of government services. Using panel of districts-level data for the period of 2001-2005, this study provides a test of the hypothesis that education spending has crowded out other types of spending and ties to find out which party in Indonesia that have preference in education. The results indicate that,for the period studied, there is evidence that i.ncreased local government education expenditures resulted in lower levels of speding on other categories of local government provided good and services. Only four parties that pro education are Golkar,Partai Keadi1an,Partai Persatuan Pembangunan(PPP) and Partai Kebangkitan Bangsa (PKB). Other results showed that districts located in Java spend higher education expenditures than out of Java and districts with natural resource revenue shares have higher education expenditures as well.

scholarly journals Education Expenditure-Led Growth: Evidence from Nigeria (1980-2018)

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olukemi I. Lawanson ◽  
Dominic I. Umar
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Primary Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
School Funding ◽  
Growth Strategy ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Education Expenditures ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Impact

This study examines the belief that education fosters economic growth by analyzing the impact of Government education expenditures at different levels on economic growth using Nigerian data for the period 1980-2018. Time series econometrics tests like Unit Root, cointegration, Error Correction Model and Granger Causality were employed to test the hypothesis of education expenditure-led growth strategy. The outcomes of the studies showed that that there is cointegration between total government education expenditures, primary, secondary and tertiary education expenditure and economic growth. The outcomes of the study also revealed that all levels of education expenditure contribute to economic growth positively (tertiary education exerting more positive impact) and are statistically significant (except primary education expenditure that is not significant) at 5%level. The study equally revealed bi-directional causality between t all levels public expenditure on education and economic growth. The study therefore, recommends improved funding for education at all levels given their interconnections. It also recommends that funding of primary education should by supported Federal Government as weak primary school funding will impact on quality of pupils that graduate to secondary school. Again policies aimed at diversifying and broadening the Nigerian economy be rekindled as economic growth have the potential of increasing education spending.

Distributional Effects of Public Educational Expenditures: Empirical Results from Cohort Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 588-605
Author(s):  
Md. Rashidul Islam Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Distributional Effects ◽  
Educational Expenditures ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
The Government ◽  
Years Of Schooling

This article scanned the empirical analysis of the distributional effects of public education expenditure using Gini coefficient of education based on cross-sectional data across cohorts in Bangladesh. The main purpose of this study was to investigate whether education expenditure plays a role as a catalyst to diminish education inequality across the country by increasing years of schooling across levels of education. The Data set proved that overall years of schooling increased while education expenditure increases for a long time having slight fluctuations. Consequently, the Gini coefficient of education gradually increased and the inequality of education getting narrowed down across levels of education. Distributional effects of public expenditure on education across cohorts produced an exceptionally good result indicating positive relationships between years of schooling and the Gini coefficient of education. Despite the achievements of the education sector, the government of Bangladesh has comprehended that in the public sector education, there are substantial numbers of challenges make it tough to get the best outcomes along with quality education and insufficient budget flow across levels of education. This paper tended to uncover education redistributive policy and the existence of inequality in the cohorts across levels of education by estimating the Gini coefficient of education in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Qualitative Content Analysis: A Case Study of a Malaysian Government Education Website

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdiana Azizan ◽  
Ross Smith ◽  
Vanessa Cooper ◽  
Noraizah Abu Bakar
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Transfer Of Knowledge ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Government Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Malaysian Government

Content analysis is a set of qualitative methods utilized to analyse data from verbal, print or electronic communication channels. Text-based information from interviews, focus groups and open-ended survey questions can be evaluated using this method. This paper shall put forth the definition of qualitative content analysis and discuss the basic principles of its technique. The method for conducting qualitative content analysis research will then be outlined and explained. A case study of a Malaysian government education website is provided to demonstrate the application of the said method. The case study explores several critical success factors (CSFs) involved in the transfer of knowledge from the Government to targeted users via an education-based website. Fifteen interviews were conducted and 14 CSFs are identified and segregated into six thematic groups. This exercise shall provide practical guidance to the practitioners that are directly involved in the process. The identification and understanding of the CSFs would provide the much needed direction for the website administrators and content creators. They would have access to essential information that enable them to make strategic decisions related to their website’s content development and delivery activities. This would then enhanced their capacity to deliver the requisite knowledge to their targeted users.

scholarly journals Educational Level and Tax Compliance: Empirical Evidence From Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Stanley Ogoun ◽  
Godspower Anthony Ekpulu
Keyword(s):  
Educational Level ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Government Investment ◽  
Ex Post ◽  
National Priority ◽  
Ex Post Facto ◽  
The Government

The study interrogates the relationship between educational level and tax compliance in Nigeria. The study employs the ex post facto research design to ascertain how government investment in education enhances tax compliance. The study covers 17 years (2002-2018) for both tax revenue (a surrogate for tax compliance) and education expenditure (a surrogate for educational level). From the empirical results, the study concludes that there is a positive nexus between government expenditure on education and tax revenue. The study, therefore, recommends that as a matter of necessity, the government should invest more in the overall educational demand of her citizens not only from tax revenues but from other oil and non-oil sources. The governments, from the federal and state levels, should act as a matter national priority endeavour to meet up with the international budgetary benchmark allocation for education, as recommended by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) in its Education for All (EFA) document 2000-2015. This will give Nigerians more access to quality education that would result in moving up the global ranking in HDI with its resultant benefits.

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