Trust in Government and Government Effectiveness

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Horne
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Truth Commissions ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Potential Problems

This chapter examines whether, when, and how lustration and truth commissions affected trust in government and government effectiveness. Lustration had a direct positive relationship with government effectiveness; more extensive lustration programs appeared to have a bigger positive impact on government effectiveness than more informal programs. However, with respect to trust in government, the lustration effects were largely indirect and temporally contingent. Only early lustration was clearly associated with trust in government. Later in the transition, reforms registered weaker effects on trust in government, if any. To illustrate further the dynamics associated with the timing of reforms, the chapter explores the case of Poland’s late reform programs, highlighting some of the potential problems with domestic politicization of late reform efforts. Poland’s programs illustrate that while the timing of reforms matters, effective implementation of lustration can happen early or late in the transition process.

The Coaching Dance Applied

2021 ◽  
pp. 229-255
Author(s):  
William Percy ◽  
Kevin E. Dow
Keyword(s):  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Culturally Sensitive ◽  
Confucian Culture ◽  
Coaching Model ◽  
Foreign Education ◽  
Coaching Approach

Through the application of a culturally sensitive coaching model, in a Sino-foreign education partnership, this chapter explores a non-directive coaching model and its positive impact on knowledge exchange and innovation. Whilst acknowledging the call from some quarters for the use of a directive approach to coaching, in mainland China, this chapter explores the positive relationship between the non-directive approach and socialisation of knowledge amongst teachers. The chapter also sheds light on the potential positive impact of the GROW model to support the ‘Coaching Dance' and facilitate movement towards a more non-directive approach to enhance knowledge exchange. It is also important of further research into both the GROW model and the development of a coaching approach built upon the foundation of Confucian culture.

scholarly journals Nonlinear Analysis of the Dynamics of Criminality and Victimisation: A Mathematical Model with Case Generation and Forwarding

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Chikodili Helen Ugwuishiwu ◽  
D. S. Sarki ◽  
G. C. E. Mbah
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Nonlinear Analysis ◽  
Deterministic Model ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Viable Option ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Impact

In this paper, a system of deterministic model is presented for the dynamical analysis of the interactional consequence of criminals and criminality on victimisation under two distinguishable forms of rehabilitation—the behavioural reformation of criminals and the emotional psychotherapy of victims. A threshold value, R0=maxRK,RV, responsible for the persistence of crime/criminality and victimisation, is obtained and, using it, stability analyses on the model performed. The impact of an effective implementation of the two forms of rehabilitation was found to be substantial on crime and criminality, while an ineffective implementation of same was observed to have a detrimental consequence. The prevention of repeat victimisation was seen to present a more viable option for containing crime than the noncriminalisation of victims. Further, the removal of criminals, either through quitting or death, among others, was also found to have a huge positive impact. Numerical simulations were performed for a variety of mixing criminal scenarios to verify the analytical results obtained.

The Influence of Role Play Teaching Technique on English Performance Among Learners With Hearing Impairment, Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 225-245
Author(s):  
Judith Opiyo Yabbi
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Teaching And Learning ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Role Play ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Teaching Technique ◽  
Secondary Materials

Role-play is a holistic pedagogy in teaching. The technique instills critical thinking in pupils, enhances emotional intelligence, and improves morality and forms of realism about information. The chapter examines the influence of role-play teaching technique on English performance among the pupils with hearing impairment in Kenyan primary schools. The chapter looks at several elements of role-playing such as games, real-life expression, imitation, positive impact, and the challenges facing the effective implementation of the use of role-play in teaching and learning in primary schools of learners with hearing impairment. This study is a desktop review and only relies on secondary materials. The literature was sourced in various databases. The review revealed that role-play improves the self-efficacy of the learner since the technique is grounded in reality. Learning is enhanced when the activities involved are memorable and engaging.

scholarly journals The Impact of Trust in Government on Tax Paying Behavior of Nonfarm Sole Proprietors

2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liucija Birskyte
Keyword(s):  
Government Regulation ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Tax Compliance ◽  
Trust In Government ◽  
National Elections ◽  
Income Reporting ◽  
The Government ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The paper explores the relationship between the taxpayers’ trust in government and their willingness to pay taxes. When honored, trust promotes feelings of goodwill between individuals, strengthens democracy, and reduces transaction costs in economic exchange. Literature on government regulation finds that if citizens trust the government they are more likely to comply with laws and regulations. In this article, the index of trust in government calculated by the American National Elections Studies (ANES) and the AGI (adjusted gross income) gap produced by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) are used to test an empirical model if trust in government has a positive impact on tax compliance of the least compliant taxpayers group - nonfarm sole proprietors - controlling for the deterrent effects of tax enforcement. The results indicate that the higher trust in government improves tax compliance. The paper contributes to the existing literature on tax compliance by combining survey and statistical income reporting data to find evidence that perceptions about the trust in the government translate into actual tax payments

scholarly journals An Investigation of the Dynamic Effect of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and Interest Rates on GDP in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (5(J)) ◽  
pp. 29-37
Author(s):  
Thomas Habanabakize ◽  
Daniel F Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
South Africa ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South African ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Repo Rate

Economic growth in South Africa has been in the “doldrums” for the past decade. If well managed, foreign direct investment (FDI) and repo rate (interest rate) could have a positive impact and assist in rapid economic growth so urgently needed in South Africa. FDI has been a driving force for growth in many developing economies. Not enough has been done to attract FDI in South Africa. The country has enormous ability and capacity to attract FDI inflows and to have the advantages from it. A quantitative research approach was used to analyse the association amongst the variables which include FDI, GDP and repo rate in the South African economy. The South African Reserve Bank database was used and the period analysed is from 2000 to 2016. Statistical and econometric methods such as correlation analysis, unit root tests, ARDL Bounds test for cointegration, an error correction model (ECM), and the Granger causality tests were used. Subsequently, after the econometric model was estimated, findings indicated the existence of a long-run relationship between the three variables. While, a significant positive relationship exists between FDI and GDP, a negative long-run relationship was found between GDP and repo rate and interestingly a nonsignificant relationship between repo rate and FDI. In the short run, the positive effect of FDI on GDP is minimal whilst a significant and positive relationship exists between GDP and repo rate. The results did also show some limitations in the results, with regards to FDI and repo rate that there is no significant relationship between the variables, meaning that repo rate does not have an impact on FDIs. Although some long-run evidence was found of FDI playing a role in economic growth in South Africa, such impact is limited. Also very interesting is that the repo rate and FDI do not have a statistically significant relationship. This could be due to the rising risks associated with investments in the country. In conclusion, there are many variables which could have a positive impact on the attraction of FDIs and such factors will be explored further in future studies. 

scholarly journals Organizational culture in the transition process in Serbia: A comparative analysis of the state administration and the private sector

Sociologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-652
Author(s):  
Branka Draskovic ◽  
Natasa Krstic ◽  
Ana Trbovic
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Culture ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
The State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Administrative Capacity ◽  
Private Organization ◽  
State Administration

Organizational culture plays a vital role in attaining organization?s economic objectives, with particular impact on the process of initiating and implementing organizational changes. Handy?s typology, that classifies culture into the power culture, the role culture, the task culture, and the person or support culture, was deployed to assess the type of organizational culture in a public and a private organization, mapping both the current culture and one desired by employees. The data were collected based on a questionnaire completed by 100 respondents employed in the private sector and another 100 respondents employed in the state administration. The results reveal statistically significant differences in the organizational culture between the public and the private organization, and that both need to make a positive impact on the state in achieving a more efficient responce to the challenges and difficulties of the transition process. The goal is to move away from the existing role culture dominated by strict rules, procedures and bureaucratization, and reinforce the task culture which values results, initiative and creativity. Considering that employees in the state administration strive to implement a model of organizational culture from the private sector, the public administration sector needs a change in the organizational culture to increase its administrative capacity and become more professional.

scholarly journals The Impact of Political, Legal and Economic Institutions on Family Takaful/ Life Insurance Consumption in OIC Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 97-114
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ghaith Mahaini ◽  
Kamaruzaman Noordin ◽  
Mohammad Taqiuddin Mohamad
Keyword(s):  
Life Insurance ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Government Effectiveness ◽  
Insurance Consumption ◽  
The Impact

This study aims at testing the impact of political, legal and economic institutions on life insurance/ family takaful consumption in OIC countries. Using a panel data covering 33 OIC countries for the years from 1990 till 2016, fixed effects and random effects models have been utilised. The empirical results suggest that for political institutions, more government effectiveness promotes consumption of life insurance in OIC countries. Additionally, the more unstable the country is, the more life insurance/family takaful is purchased perhaps as an attempt of individuals to mitigate the increased level of risks. Similarly, economic institutions, measured by both investment freedom and financial freedom, have a positive impact on life insurance consumption in OIC countries. However, results show that trade freedom index has a negative impact. Further, legal institutions do not seem to have any significant impact on life insurance consumption in OIC countries.

Numerical Simulation of Debris Bed Relocation Behavior in Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactor

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunming Teng ◽  
Bin Zhang ◽  
Jianqiang Shan
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fast Reactor ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Debris Particles ◽  
Cooling Ability ◽  
Good Agreement

For the core disruptive accident (CDA) of sodium-cooled fast reactor (SFR), the molten fuel or steel is solidified into debris particles which form debris bed in the lower plenum. When the boiling occurs inside debris bed, the flow of coolant and vapor makes debris relocated and flattened, which called debris relocation. The thickness of debris bed has great influence to the cooling ability of fuel debris in low plenum. To ensure the effective implementation of the in-vessel retention (IVR), it’s very necessary to evaluate the transient changes of shape and thickness in relocation behavior for CDA simulation analysis. To simulate relocation behavior, a debris relocation model based on COMMEN code was developed in this paper. The debris relocation model was established based on the extrapolation of the shear strength mechanism, which was originally proposed and widely applied in soil mechanics filed. Shear strength is a function of the particles’ density and position. Debris bed is fluidized only when the shear stress in particle unit is larger than shear strength of debris particles. By integrating the debris relocation model into the COMMEN code, the transition process of the bed in depressurization experiments was simulated and compared against the experimental results. Good agreement shows that the debris relocation model presented in this paper can reasonably simulate the relocation behavior.

Resource Alignment of ICT in Taiwanese Small Dialysis Centers

2010 ◽  
pp. 221-233
Author(s):  
Yu-An Huang ◽  
Chad Lin
Keyword(s):  
Communication Technology ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Supplementary Information ◽  
Large Firms ◽  
Information Communication ◽  
Alliance Performance ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Resource Alignment

The literature on cooperative alliances has been criticized for its relatively narrow concentration on large firms and for ignoring small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) alliances where large firms do not operate in similar ways. Due to their size SMEs are more likely to seek external expertise. For small dialysis centers, they often form alliances to obtain these scarce resources. Unlike large firms which own a lot of slack resources to be able to form alliances with many partners, these small dialysis centers tend to form alliances with only a small number of partners and therefore, their dependence on these partners is higher than large firms. Hence, we conducted case study to investigate the use of complementary and supplementary information communication technology (ICT) resources among several small healthcare centers in Taiwan and evaluated how different types of resource alignment affect the performances of alliances. One contribution of the chapter is that the contribution of dissimilar ICT resources by both the focal and partner firms has a significant positive impact on alliance sustainable commitment. The results also reveal that there is a positive relationship between the contribution of dissimilar ICT resources by the partner firms and alliance performance. However, the contribution of dissimilar ICT resources alone by the focal dialysis centers has no significant impact on alliance performance.

Critical analysis on the Children and Young Person Employment Act 1966 and the Education Act 1996 in relation to causes and effect of child labour in Malaysia

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 14-23
Author(s):  
Nik Ahmad Kamal ◽  
Marhanum Marhanum ◽  
Azizah Azizah ◽  
Ashgar Ashgar ◽  
Yusuff Yusuff
Keyword(s):  
Child Labor ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Compulsory Education ◽  
Young Person ◽  
Labor Management ◽  
Working Children ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
Education Act ◽  
Keywords Child ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

Objective - It is observed that the phenomena of working children is a long-standing issue in most under-developed and developing countries of the world and the number increases each year in the light of challenging domestic social and economic conditions. The question is whether the relevant law has a special exemption to allow children to work and to what extent the law accommodates scenarios obtained from the empirical study for the purpose of this research? The objective of this research is to examine the reason children goes to work instead of pursuing an education. Methodology/Technique - The survey involved interviewing through a set questionnaire 557 working children in six states in Malaysia. Based on the survey, the Children and Young Person Employment Act 1966 is critically reviewed to evaluate the scope of protections for working children in Malaysia. Findings - Based on the empirical analysis, it is found that the majority of the working children in Malaysia worked to help their family economically and they are not happy with their current job. The children in this context reported that they regretted not attending school as their have to work to help their family. Novelty - By adopting content analysis on the current act, this research discovers that due to lack of efficient implementation of existing legal regimes, especially the Education Act 1996 to deal with an issue pertaining to children not attending schools. This research concludes that effective implementation of all legislation dealing with working children and their compulsory education may have a positive impact on overall child labor management in Malaysia. Type of Paper - Empirical Keywords: Child Labor, Malaysia, Children and Young Person Employment Act 1966, Education Act 1996

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