scholarly journals Обзор фауны мух тахин виноградных агроценозов Дагестана

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Б. Мисриева ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Morphological Description ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Faunal Studies ◽  
Original Drawings

In the context of the intensive use of chemical plant protection products, the issue of ecologization is acute. The concept of environmental protection of grapes, as the most pesticidal crop, is based on the principles of managing the phytosanitary state of agrocenoses as a whole. At the same time, entomophages play a key role in the formation of a balanced self-regulating ecosystem. The development and application of the so-called biorational technologies with the predominant use of safe ecologically “soft” chemical plant protection products in the grape protection system is a prerequisite for activating a useful entomofauna. The targeted effect on the entomophage populations is based on phytosanitary monitoring, on their integration with pesticides. The article presents the results of many years of faunal studies of grape agrobiocenoses, reveals the most effective mechanisms for the regulation of dangerous bunching leaves and cotton scoops. Based on the original drawings, a morphological description of the most common species of tachy flies is given - Elodia tragica Mg., Pseudoperichaeta insidiosa, Tawnsendiellomyia nidicola.

scholarly journals Rationale for the Choice of a Positioning System for Mobile Agricultural Robot Movement Controlling

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
A. V. Teterev
Keyword(s):  
Information Exchange ◽  
Information Transfer ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Positioning System ◽  
Positioning Error ◽  
Robotic Device ◽  
Positioning Accuracy ◽  
Positioning Systems

A correctly selected positioning system for controlling the mobile robotic means movement ensures high positioning accuracy of the robotic platform in the garden, allows to automate precise operations in the garden and systematize route planning algorithms.(Research purpose) To substantiate the rational choice of a positioning system for controlling the mobile robotic device movement.(Materials and methods) The author formulated requirements for the positioning system to perform precise operations in the garden: mechanized collection of fruits and berries, diff erentiated application of fertilizers and chemical plant protection products. The main ones were: the positioning error was no more than 5 centimetres, the stability of information transfer to the server for building traffi c maps, the movement of a robotic device along a given trajectory, equipping beacons with a mobile power source with a capacity of at least 800 milliampere-hour, information exchange between the beacon and the built-in robotic means with a microprocessor controller according to the RS-485 standard, the signal coverage area was at least 100 square meter.(Results and discussion) The six most relevant positioning systems of the following manufacturers were described: RealTrac, Rusoft CKT, Neomatic, ISBC, Avtosensor, Marvelmind. The author compared their technical and operational parameters: operating frequencies, range, data transfer interface, location accuracy and cost of ready-made kits. He showed that Marvelmind provided uninterrupted operation at frequencies of 433 and 915 megahertz with a positioning error of no more than 2 centimetres. The tests were carried out on a small robotic vehicle with the following characteristics: maximum transport speed – 30 kilometre per hour, operating weight – 500 kilograms, length 2 metres, width – 1.2 metres, height – 1.6 metres.(Conclusions) The author substantiated the choice of the most suitable and aff ordable Marvelmind positioning system and experimentally confi rmed the positioning accuracy declared by the manufacturer. When driving in a loop-free and looped turn, the positioning accuracy did not exceed 1.5 centimetres, which met the agrotechnical requirements for mechanized collection of fruits and berries, for diff erentiated application of fertilizers and chemical plant protection products

scholarly journals Hygienic evaluation of the most common methods of agricultural crops treatment with chemical protection products (literature review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 19-25
Author(s):  
А.А. Borysenko ◽  
А.М. Antonenko ◽  
B.I. Shpak ◽  
S.Т. Omelchuk ◽  
V.G. Bardov
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Rational Approach ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Safety Control

Global strategies, including application of chemical plant protection products, are important in the cultivation of safe corps and preservation of human health. A promising area of preventive medicine, agronomy, agroecology and agroengineering is the optimization of methods of pesticide formulations application. The aim of the work was a hygienic assessment of the most common and latest methods of crops treatment with chemical pesticides. Results. The biological effectiveness of different types of pesticides is achieved by different application rates of the working solution. The most common method of pesticide application is spraying, which ensures the application of pesticides in the drop-liquid state and is characterized by low consumption of active substance per unit area, variable-controlled distribution on the treatment surface, provides good adhesion and retention on facilities, allows the use of combined formulations. One of the most effective ways to minimize the negative impact of chemical plant protection products and achieve economic success is a rational approach to the choice of pesticide application, as it takes into account the hazard class of pesticides, the presence of water protection zones, the sensitivity of target crops, etc. Conclusion. Rational application of pesticides includes minimizing the overall effect of pesticides on human health and the environment and achieving high-targeted biological efficiency. Adherence to the methodology of choosing the type of pesticide application and selection of the type of spray is a key point in optimizing the rational use of chemical plant protection products, which requires a detailed study from the standpoint of both efficiency and safety. Control over compliance with the recommendations should be included in sanitary-hygienic and sanitary-ecological monitoring.

Efficacy of chemical plant protection products on potato in Ukraine

EPPO Bulletin ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-457
Author(s):  
Yu. A. MALAKHANOV ◽  
P. A. MEL'NIK
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Chemical Plant

scholarly journals Environmental Problems of the Agricultural Sector in Azerbaijan

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 170-173
Author(s):  
E. Aslanova
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Plant Pests

The article deals with the issues of soil chemicalization in the fight against plant pests. The results of the analysis of the application of existing technologies are analyzed. A developed and patented method is proposed, which provides for the collection of pollutants into special furrows that promote the targeted action of chemicals. the reasons were identified that create a problem in the introduction of chemical plant protection products.

scholarly journals Plant Protection And Foliar Fertilizing Technology Of Apple (Malus Domestica Borkh)

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3613-3620 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Foliar Nutrition ◽  
Foliar Fertilizer ◽  
Seaweed Extracts ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Fertilizer System ◽  
Plant Protection System

The systematic use of foliar fertilizers during growing season is a relatively new agronomic practice in Central Russia and it is still not widely used in horticultural enterprises of the region. One of the main reasons for this is the relatively high cost of this method. Producers prefer soil fertilization which adversely affect the environment. A significant reduction in cost of foliar fertilizing could be obtained by combining foliar nutrition with plant protection. The number of plant protection treatments, as well as toxicity of some products, is increasing annually. The use of fertilizers and plant protection products negatively affect the environment. It is very important to find ways of decreasing this load on surroundings. Currently, many different biological preparations for plant protection exist which are suggested to replace chemicals. The problem is in their relative low effectiveness compared to traditional plant protection products. The authors have studied the most popular plant protection products (in a traditional protection system) and application of foliar fertilizers (in a mineral foliar fertilizer system) in comparison with ecologized plant protection system (based on bacterial and low-toxic preparations) in tank mixtures with seaweed extracts-based foliar fertilizers. The authors have considered yield, scab development, content of calcium in leaves and fruits as the main criteria of this study. The research was carried out in the irrigated orchard (1,480 trees/ha), planted in leached meadow-chernozem soil. The investigation was carried out in 2013-2015. The results of traditional plant protection system in tank mixtures with mineral foliar fertilizer application, as well as ecologized products with seaweed extracts-based preparations, have been compared. Traditional plant protection system in combination with mineral foliar fertilizers have ensured a higher content of calcium in leaves and fruits, less damage from scab and higher yields. We can consider two ways of replacing traditional plant protection and fertilizing approach: the development of new highly efficient ecologized products or increased financial support.

scholarly journals Особенности формирования фитосанитарной ситуации в посадках цветных сортов картофеля и его продуктивность при различных системах защиты растений

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. Малюга ◽  
◽  
Н. Чуликова ◽  
Н. Енина ◽  
С. Голощапов ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Chemical Plant ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Chemical Protection ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Individual Reaction ◽  
Colored Potatoes ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Individual

Data were obtained on the peculiarities of the development of black scab on four varieties of colored potatoes (Violet, Purple Majesty, All Red and Rosamaria) when culvaed using chemical and biologized plant protection systems. It is shown, that the development of black scab and its infestation of stolons on varieties grown with the use of chemical plant protetion agents is lower than with the use of biological preparations, respectively, by 2.4-6.5 times and by 4%. The biometric indicators of plants when they were grown using the chemical protection system were slightly higher than those on biologized ones. The individual reaction of varieties to the studied protective techniques was revealed. Among the four studied cultivars, the cultivar All Red stood out, in which the phytosanitary condition of plantings, productivity indicators on both protection systems were similar.

scholarly journals Impact of fungicide and insecticide use on non-target aquatic organisms in rice paddy fields

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alana Cristina Dorneles Wandscheer ◽  
Enio Marchesan ◽  
Marília Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Bruno Behenck Aramburu ◽  
Ricardo de David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Rice Paddy ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin ◽  
Intensive Use ◽  
Rice Paddy Fields

ABSTRACT: The intensive use of plant protection products in rice paddy fields ( Oryza sativa L.) has caused concern about the environmental impact on communities of non-target organisms that are natural inhabitants in these agroecosystems. The purpose of this review is to analyze the data currently available in the literature about some important fungicides and insecticides (such as trifloxystrobin, tebuconazole, tricyclazole, lambda-cyhalothrin, and thiamethoxam), which are currently used to control pests and diseases in rice paddy fields, as well as their effects on the community of non-target aquatic organisms.

scholarly journals Plant Immunity and Crop Yield: A Sustainable Approach in Agri-Food Systems

Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Marcello Iriti ◽  
Sara Vitalini
Keyword(s):  
Innate Immunity ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Plant Immune System ◽  
Intensive Use

Innate immunity represents a trait common to animals and plants. Indeed, similar to animals, plants also evolved a complex defense machinery to defend against pest and pathogen attacks. Due to the concerns posed by the intensive use of agrochemicals, the possibility to stimulate the plant immune system with environmentally friendly and low-risk chemical and biological inducers is intriguing. Therefore, some plant protection products are commercially available to trigger the plant’s immune system, with benefits in terms of consumer health and environmental protection.

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