scholarly journals Эффективность отбора в селекции сафлора красильного для условий Приднестровья

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Карина Мустяцэ ◽  
◽  
Нина Чавдарь ◽  
Александр Рущук ◽  
Ольга Загородняя ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Breeding Efficiency

In the plant breeding of Carthamus tinctorius L. the method of individual breeding was used. Analysis of the breeding efficiency by a complex of characteristics of Carthamus tinctorius L. on average for three years showed an increase in the studied features. An increase in a breeding effect from a larger to a smaller value (in percents to the average value in the initial population) was observed in the following sequence: weight of seeds per plant, g (86,4%), quantity of seeds per plant, pcs (48,6%), quantity of inflorescences with seeds, pcs (42,7%), quantity of seeds in one basket inflorescence, pcs (38,7%), weight of 1000 seeds, g (28,5%), quantity of branches of the first level, pcs (27,2%), weight of seeds from one basket inflorescence, g (22,5%), total quantity of inflorescences per plant, pcs (17,8%), plant height, cm (15,4%).

scholarly journals Heterosis dan Heterobeltiosis Hasil Gabah Serta Korelasinya Terhadap Pertumbuhan Padi Hibrida

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-100
Author(s):  
Nurwulan Agustiani ◽  
Sujinah Sujinah ◽  
Bayu P Wibowo ◽  
Satoto Satoto
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Positive Heterosis ◽  
Growth Characters ◽  
Grain Number Per Panicle

Heterosis in F1-hybrids is very closely related to processes during plant growth. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on some growth characters that supported positive heterosis for yield.  The experiment was carried out at KP. Sukamandi on the rainy season in 2016, used a Randomized Block Design with three replications. The material used in this study were four superior hybrid varieties (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, and Hipa East Java 2) and their parents (maintainer and restorer strains). The results showed that the four materials tested had positive heterosis values ​​with an average value of 4.23-25.03% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and yield. Heterobeltiosis values ​​ranged from 2.06% to 13.62% for the characters of plant height, tiller number, grain number per panicle, and yield.  Growth characters that were positively correlated to yield increase were plant height, leaf area in the primordia phase, and weight of 1000 grains. The four hybrid materials tested had similar leaf area per clump in the primordia phase, but only Hipa Jatim 2 still had the highest leaf area in the physiological cooking phase. All four hybrids had better leaf thickness characteristics than their parents. F1 average showed increased number of grain per panicle compared to the two parents, especially in Hipa 18 and Hipa 19, which had a higher weight per 1000 grains than the two parents. Keywords: hybrids, rice, heterosis, heterobeltiosis   ABSTRAK Heterosis pada F1-hibrida sangat berkaitan erat dengan proses-proses selama pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkaninformasibeberapa karakter pertumbuhan yang mendukung heterosis positif terhadap hasil. Percobaan dilaksanakan di KP. Sukamandi pada musim hujan 2016, menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah empat varietas unggul hibrida (Hipa 9, Hipa 18, Hipa 19, dan Hipa Jatim 2) dan tetuanya (galur maintainer dan restorer). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keempat materi yang diuji mempunyai nilai heterosis positif dengan nilai rata-rata 4,23-25,03% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, bobot 1000 butir, dan hasil. Nilai heterobeltiosis berkisar antara 2,06% sampai 13,62% pada karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, jumlah gabah per malai, dan hasil. Karakter-karakter pertumbuhan yang berkorelasi positif terhadap peningkatan hasil yaitu tinggi tanaman, luas daun pada fase primordia, dan bobot 1000 butir. Keempat materi hibrida yang diuji mempunyai luas daun per rumpun yang setara pada fase primordia, namun hanya Hipa Jatim 2 yang masih mempunyai luas daun tertinggi pada fase masak fisiologis,.  Keempatnya mempunyai karakter ketebalan daun yang lebih baik dibanding tetuanya. Rata-rata F1 menunjukkan perbaikan jumlah gabah per malai dibanding kedua tetuanya, terlebih pada Hipa 18 dan Hipa 19 yang juga mempunyai bobot 1000 butir lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua tetuanya. Kata kunci: hibrida, pada, heterosis, heterobeltiosis

scholarly journals Pemilihan Karakter Agronomi untuk Seleksi pada Galur-galur Padi Dihaploid Hasil Kultur Antera

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Gerland Akhmadi ◽  
Bambang Sapta Purwoko ◽  
Iswari Saraswati Dewi ◽  
Dan Desta Wirnas
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Anther Culture ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Culture Technique ◽  
Genotypic Correlation ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Panicle Weight

Anther culture technique is able to accelerate plant breeding activities. The objectives of this research was to determine the agronomic traits that could be used for selection of the dihaploid rice line population through the calculation of heritability, genotypic correlation, path analysis and selecting dihaploid rice lines. The plant material used was 65 dihaploid rice lines DH 1 of F1 anther culture plants and Ciherang and Inpari 13 as check varieties. Agronomic characters that could be used as selection character are generative plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, the total number of grains per panicle, weight of 1,000 grains, and grain per hill. Twenty three dihaploid lines were selected based good agronomic characters with criteria generative plant height between 80-120 cm, number of filled grains per panicle > 100, number of grains per panicle > 120, weight of 1,000 grains > 20 g, and grain per hill > 25 g.Keywords: anther culture, heritability, agronomic characters

scholarly journals COMBINING ABILITY EFFECTS AND PER-SE PERFORMANCES OF MORPHO REPRODUCTIVE TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-32
Author(s):  
M. A. Islam ◽  
M. A. K. Mian ◽  
M. G. Rasul ◽  
Q. A. Khaliq ◽  
M. K. Bashar
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Per Se

To study combining ability effects of developed CMS and restorer lines an experiment was carried out at the experimental farm, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur during Aman 2011 and Boro 2011-12 following RCBD design through line × tester analysis in three replications. Five known CMS lines and sixteen developed Restorer lines were considered for through line × tester analysis. Among sixteen restorer lines, only four showed significant negative GCA effects for all these three traits for earliness. The estimated of gca effects of parents indicated that seven parents and sixteen crosses contributed highly significant negative effects for plant height which were responsible for dwarfing character. Fifteen crosses and eight parents showed significant negative sca estimates for days to first flowering and twenty crosses for maturity. Considering both SCA effects and per se performances for days to 1st flowering and maturity; the crosses of IR 58025A with RG-BU08-005R, RG-BU08-006R, RG-BU08-016R, RG-BU08-018R and RG-BU08-025R were found as the best specific combiner. Among 80 crosses fifty two crosses showed significant positive SCA effects along with above average perse performances for grain yield. Ten crosses of IR 58025A, seven crosses of GAN46A, fourteen crosses of IR 62829A, nine crosses of IR 68888A and ten crosses of BRRI 1A showed significant positive SCA effects along with mean values resulting significant positive SCA effects and above average perse performances with all five CMS lines for grain yield.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Pemberian Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Atonik Dan Media Tanam Terhadap Pembibitan Tanaman Aren Genjah (Arenga pinnata, Merr)

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Yanti Ratna Sari ◽  
Tutik Nugrahini ◽  
Mahdalena Mahdalena
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Research Design ◽  
Growth Regulator ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Substance ◽  
Fingerprint Analysis ◽  
Soil Charcoal ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Top Soil

The Influence of Atonic Growth Substance and Planting Media Against Aruh Genjah Plant Breeding (Arenga pinnata, Merr). This study aims to determine the effect of proper growth regulator concentration and the best planting medium for the growth of palm seedlings, as well as the effect of interaction between ZPT Atonik and planting media. This research was conducted in Sangatta Lama area of Sangatta Utara Sub-district, East Kutai Regency, with time for 5 (five) months from February to June 2016. The research design used Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) 4 x 4 with 3 repetition . The first factor was the administration of Atonic ZPT consisting of 4 levels: z0: without treatment, z1: Atonic ZPT 0.5 ml / 1 liter water, z2: ZPT Atonik 1 ml / 1 liter water, z3: ZPT Atonic 1.5 ml / 1 liter of water. The second factor is the comparison of planting medium consisting of 4 levels: m0: top soil, m1: top soil + sand + manure (1: 1: 1), m2: top soil + husk husk + manure (1: 1: 1 ), m3: top soil + charcoal husk + sand + manure (1: 1: 1: 1). Fingerprint analysis showed that the best effect of ZPT Atonik (Z) on the parameters of plant height was on the first month that is in the treatment of z2 (Atonic ZPT 1 ml / 1 liter water). The best comparison of planting medium (M) to plant height parameters was at month 2 and month 3 was achieved by treatment of m2 (top soil + husk husk + manure = 1: 1: 1) and m3 treatment (Top soil + + Sand + manure = 1: 1: 1: 1). Furthermore, the best treatment of leaflet parameter of month 1 was achieved by treatment of m1 (top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1). The interaction of ZPT Atonik (zxm) comparison and the best planting medium to the leaf number parameter is the 1st month achieved by the z3p1 treatment (Atonic ZPT 1.5 ml / 1 liter water and top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1) . Keywords: Growing Regulators, Planting Media and Aren GenjahThe Influence of Atonic Growth Substance and Planting Media Against Aruh Genjah Plant Breeding (Arenga pinnata, Merr). This study aims to determine the effect of proper growth regulator concentration and the best planting medium for the growth of palm seedlings, as well as the effect of interaction between ZPT Atonik and planting media. This research was conducted in Sangatta Lama area of Sangatta Utara Sub-district, East Kutai Regency, with time for 5 (five) months from February to June 2016. The research design used Factorial Randomized Block Design (RAK) 4 x 4 with 3 repetition . The first factor was the administration of Atonic ZPT consisting of 4 levels: z0: without treatment, z1: Atonic ZPT 0.5 ml / 1 liter water, z2: ZPT Atonik 1 ml / 1 liter water, z3: ZPT Atonic 1.5 ml / 1 liter of water. The second factor is the comparison of planting medium consisting of 4 levels: m0: top soil, m1: top soil + sand + manure (1: 1: 1), m2: top soil + husk husk + manure (1: 1: 1 ), m3: top soil + charcoal husk + sand + manure (1: 1: 1: 1). Fingerprint analysis showed that the best effect of ZPT Atonik (Z) on the parameters of plant height was on the first month that is in the treatment of z2 (Atonic ZPT 1 ml / 1 liter water). The best comparison of planting medium (M) to plant height parameters was at month 2 and month 3 was achieved by treatment of m2 (top soil + husk husk + manure = 1: 1: 1) and m3 treatment (Top soil + + Sand + manure = 1: 1: 1: 1). Furthermore, the best treatment of leaflet parameter of month 1 was achieved by treatment of m1 (top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1). The interaction of ZPT Atonik (zxm) comparison and the best planting medium to the leaf number parameter is the 1st month achieved by the z3p1 treatment (Atonic ZPT 1.5 ml / 1 liter water and top soil + sand + manure = 1: 1: 1) . Keywords: Growing Regulators, Planting Media and Aren Genjah

scholarly journals Influence of cut-off irrigation on seed quality and physiological indices of various safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Taghi Tabib Loghmani ◽  
Forood Bazrafshan ◽  
Omid Alizadeh ◽  
Bahram Amiri ◽  
Abdollah Bahrani
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Oil Yield ◽  
Water Deficit Stress ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Fars Province

Safflower (<em>Carthamus tinctorius</em> L.) is an oilseed crop adapted to arid and semiarid regions. In this study, an experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of water deficiency on plant height, 1,000-grain weight, seed yield, harvest index, relative water content (RWC), oil yield, and oil content in 15 safflower genotypes. A split-plot randomized complete blocks design was arranged with three replications. Safflower plants were grown under normal irrigation and water deficit conditions in Sarvestan, Fars Province, Iran during 2016 and 2017 growing seasons. Combined analysis results indicated that water deficit stress had negative effects on all measured indices. Average seed yield declined by 65.91% (2,337.91 to 796.79 kg ha<sup>−1</sup>) due to water deficit stress. Genotype also had a significant effect on evaluated indices, and the interaction between genotype and irrigation significantly influenced all indices except plant height. Under both conditions, highest RWC, seed yield, and oil yield were observed in Dincer and PI-537598 genotypes. Maximum plant height and 1,000-seed weight in both irrigation conditions were observed in the Dincer genotype. In the normal irrigation condition, maximum harvest index and oil content were observed in the CW-74 genotype. Thus, Dincer and PI-537598 were classified as the best genotypes (based on seed yield, RWC, and oil yield) under both normal irrigation and water deficit stress conditions.

scholarly journals The effect of soil volume, plant density and sowing depth on soybean seedlings characters

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Tayná Camargos ◽  
Núbia Campos ◽  
Guilherme Alves ◽  
Silvana Ferreira ◽  
Éder Matsuo
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Soybean Seedlings ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Soil Volume

Plant breeding, associated with other areas, as well as the registration and protection of cultivars, have brought relevant contributions to turn soybean into one of the most important crops for the Brazilian agribusiness. Potential additional soybean descriptors for cultivar protection purposes such as the length of the hypocotyl and epicotyl have been reported in the literature. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the effect of soil volume, plant density per pot and crop and cultivar depth on the length of the hypocotyl and epicotyl and the height of soybean seedlings. The study conducted 4 experiments, in which the length of the hypocotyl and epicotyl and the height of soybean seedlings were evaluated at the V2 and V3 stages. Experimental units were submitted to pots with three volumes of soil (1, 2 or 3 dm3), three quantities of plants per pot (1, 2 or 3), three sowing depths (1, 2 or 3 cm) and four cultivars [TMG 4185, BRSMG 68 (Vencedora), BRS 7980, BRS 8381]. Results showed that soil volume, plant density and sowing depth had no effect on hypocotyl length evaluated at the V2 stage and that sowing depth had no effect on epicotyl length. However, soil volume, plant density, sowing depth and cultivar variations had an influence on plant height, and the soybean cultivars showed distinguishability for hypocotyl and epicotyl length at the V2 and V3 stages, being considered potential soybean descriptors.

NATURAL SELECTION IN A COMPOSITE CROSS OF BARLEY

1969 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. N. Singh ◽  
L. P. V. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Natural Selection ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Genetic Linkage ◽  
Heading Date ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Original Seed ◽  
Maturity Period

A composite of 105 crosses involving 15 parental barley varieties was grown for 5 years at nine stations of widely different latitudes in Canada, U.S.A. and Norway. A resulting sample of seed was recovered from each station and grown with original seed in comparative studies at Edmonton. Significant differences were observed among plants from different stations for heading date, maturity period, yield, spike type, and awn type. Little difference was observed for plant height and seed size. There was little or no effect on collar type, neck shape, neck length, leaf width or shape of basal rachis internode. Natural selection acted strongly against black kernel, the elimination of which was probably due to genetic linkage with a character of low competitive capacity. In general, the shift in the gene pool was consistent with plant breeding objectives.

scholarly journals Respon Seleksi Indeks Dasar pada Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays L.) di Lahan Kering

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 169
Author(s):  
I Wayan Sudika ◽  
I Nyoman Soemeinaboedhy
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Genetic Parameter ◽  
Genetic Effect ◽  
Selection Response ◽  
Mass Selection ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Basic Index ◽  
Number Of Leaves

This research aimed to identificate the selection response, the avarage of yield and fresh stover weight of corn during eight cycles of mass selection with basic index technique and observe the genetic parameter of quantitative characteristics. The randomized block design was used to test the selected with 11 treatment populations. Each treatment was replicated 3 times, in order to obtain 33 experimental units. The experimental data were analyzed with analysis of variance at 5 % levels. The average treatment was tested by the LSD0.05. The selection response was obtained from the simple linear regression coefficient between the observed traits with selection cycles. The result of this research, shows the yield and fresh stover weight has a response mass selection with basic index technique per cycle at 0.230 kgplot-1 (3.39 %) and 10.633 gtan-1 (4.21 %), respectively; both of them moderate catagories. The average of yield of eighth cycle population was higher compare to initial population and Gumarang; but the same with Lamuru variety. The weight of fresh stover was the same between treatments. The yield of initial population, eighth cycle population, Gumarang and Lamuru varieties were 5.653 tha-1; 8.035 tha-1; 5.278 t ha-1 and 7.410 tha-1, respectively. The increased of plant height, total number of leaves per plant, number of fresh leaves at harvest and all yield components, were increased the yield. The increased of fresh stover weight occured when there were increased in plant height, total number of leaves, stem diameter and number of fresh leaves at harvest. The characteristic with the higher genetic effect than the environment effect found in weight of ear harvest, length of ear and yield.

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