scholarly journals Perubahan Perilaku Masyarakat Petani Muslim Undaan Kudus terhadap Sistem Penanggalan Jawa Pranata Mangsa 2000-2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-137
Author(s):  
Ahmad Musta'id
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Natural Signs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Historical Methods

This study discusses a socio-cultural history of Islam in a society regarding the reflection of the Javanese people's ability to read natural signs to determine the calculation of the seasons that will be used in farming, which is called Pranata Mangsa. The existence of the Pranata Mangsa Javanese calendar which later developed became a guideline in farming activities for Muslim farming communities in Undaan Kudus. However, if we look at several phenomena from the early 2000s AD to the present, especially regarding the seasons, of course there are many seasonal changes that occur on this Earth. The changing seasons on Earth occur due to various factors. This factor is due to the existence of several natural phenomena. This research uses historical methods and anthropological approaches. The anthropological approach can serve to study the socio-cultural background of past events, while history serves to study the cultural changes that occurred in the Muslim farming community of Undaan Kudus. This study shows that the socio-cultural conditions of the Muslim farming community are changing. The Muslim farming community of Undaan Kudus which was initially very thick with the guidelines of Pranata Mangsa with various religious ceremonies, gradually underwent a change by following the existence of modernism due to difficulties in reading natural signs.

scholarly journals From Orpheus to Bob Dylan: the Story of "Words and Music"

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-301
Author(s):  
Walter Bernhart
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Musical Theatre ◽  
Bob Dylan ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Arts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Relationship

This paper tells a story of the relationship between “words and music” from the viewpoint of changing tendencies to either convergence or distance between the two forms of communication, depending on whether aesthetic dispositions and cultural conditions favour the merging or the drifting apart of both media. Thus, “fusionist” and “separatist” tendencies in the development of the arts are identified as manifested, in Western cultural history, by the impressive span of intermedial interaction extending from early mythical origins (Orpheus) to most recent manifestations (Bob Dylan). The focus is on the history of European musical theatre and the European song tradition. In the latter case, “interpretive” and “non-interpretive” songs are distinguished depending on whether the link between “words and music” is on the semantic or on the prosodic level. Contemporary pop songs, as represented by Dylan, are finally discussed in the context of the terminological framework presented and in view of the age-old tradition of singer-poets.

Intimations of Modernity

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis A. Pérez Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Market Forces ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
Moral Systems ◽  
Market Culture ◽  
Gender Hierarchies ◽  
History Of

Louis A. Pérez Jr.’s new history of nineteenth-century Cuba chronicles in fascinating detail the emergence of an urban middle class that was imbued with new knowledge and moral systems. Fostering innovative skills and technologies, these Cubans became deeply implicated in an expanding market culture during the sugar production boom and prior to independence. Contributing to the cultural history of capitalism in Latin America, Pérez argues that such creoles were cosmopolitans with powerful transnational affinities and an abiding identification with modernity. This period of Cuban history is usually viewed through a political lens, but Pérez shows how moral, social, and cultural changes that resulted from market forces also contributed to the collapse of the Spanish colonial administration. Pérez highlights women’s centrality in this process, showing how criollas adapted to new modes of self-representation as a means of self-fulfillment. Increasing opportunities for middle-class women’s public presence and social participation was both cause and consequence of expanding consumerism and of women’s challenges to prevailing gender hierarchies. Seemingly simple actions--riding a bicycle, for example, or deploying the abanico, the fan, in different ways--exposed how traditional systems of power and privilege clashed with norms of modernity and progress.

scholarly journals THE LION IN MEDIEVAL WESTERN EUROPE: TOWARD AN INTERPRETIVE HISTORY

Traditio ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 76 ◽  
pp. 185-213
Author(s):  
NIGEL HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
French Literature ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Natural Phenomena ◽  
Creative Tension ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western European ◽  
The Devil ◽  
The Middle Ages

Several scholars have studied meanings attributed to the lion in the western European Middle Ages, but their accounts have tended to be partial and fragmentary. A balanced, coherent interpretive history of the medieval lion has yet to be written. This article seeks to promote and initiate the process of composing such a history by briefly reviewing previous research, by proposing a thematic and chronological framework on which work on the lion might reliably be based, and by itself discussing numerous textual examples, not least from German, Latin, and French literature. The five categories of lion symbolism covered are, respectively, the threatening lion, the Christian lion, the noble lion, the sinful lion, and the clement lion. These meanings are shown successively to have constituted regnant fashions that at various times profoundly shaped people's understanding of the lion; but it is demonstrated also that they existed alongside, and in a state of creative tension with, a “ground bass” of lion meanings that changed relatively little. Lions nearly always, for example, represented important, imposing things and people (for example, kings); and the New Testament's polarized presentation of the lion as either Christ or the devil proved enormously influential both throughout and beyond the Middle Ages. As such any cultural history of the lion — and indeed of many other natural phenomena — must be continually sensitive to the co-existence and interaction of tradition and innovation, stability and dynamism.

The Archaeology of Nyanga, Eastern Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Plan Shenjere-Nyabezi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Middle Stone Age ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
Stone Age ◽  
Later Stone Age ◽  
African Region ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
Farming Communities ◽  
Farming Community

The Nyanga district of eastern Zimbabwe shows a cultural history that is similar to the rest of Zimbabwe and the southern African region. Although largely undated, the Stone Age—from the Early Stone Age, the Middle Stone Age, through to the Later Stone Age hunter-gatherers—is represented at a number of open sites and rock shelters. Later Stone Age rock art, some of which exhibits rather unique artistic attributes and characteristics such as the stripped images, has been recorded in this area. The advent of settled iron-using farming communities is also evident, as elsewhere in southern Africa dating from the 2nd to the 3rd century ce. The well-known Early Farming Communities Ziwa ceramic tradition of southern Africa is in fact named after the type site in this district. The Nyanga district is however particularly famous for its stone constructions that come in a variety of forms, consisting of stone terraced hillsides, which extend for almost sixty-five miles from north to south and cover some twenty-three hundred square miles, as well as stone-lined pit structures, hilltop forts, stone-walled enclosures, and trackways. Dating from the 14th to the early 19th century, the culture is one of the Later Farming Community cultures of Zimbabwe. The stone architecture and several other cultural aspects differ from those of the more famous Zimbabwe Culture, such that, although the two entities partly overlapped chronologically, Nyanga represents a separate cultural development in Zimbabwe’s history. The purpose of the stone structures has been a subject of archaeological debate for some time. The majority of scholars generally agree that the terracing and pit structures were constructed for agricultural and animal herding practices. However, since the early 2010s, some scholars have somewhat unconvincingly argued that gold-mining and processing were the primary motivation for the Nyanga architectural remains. The traditional view of the communities associated with the Nyanga stone architecture has largely seen them as representing basic peasant agricultural people lacking complex sociopolitical organization. However, examination of the scale and extent of the architecture, including consideration of the size of the enclosures and their spatial distribution, strongly suggests that the Nyanga people were organized as fairly complex sociopolitical formations that are archaeologically consistent with the chiefdom level, at the very least.

scholarly journals Intellectual Nature of Law in the Basic Concepts of Understanding Law

2021 ◽  
pp. 835-843
Author(s):  
Aleksei Kosykh
Keyword(s):  
Sociology Of Law ◽  
Intellectual Activity ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Integral Element ◽  
Basic Concepts ◽  
Anthropological Approach ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Historical Methods

Introduction: formation of legal norms and their transformation, creation of the legal system, specialization and sectoral differentiation of legal norms indicate constant qualitative, intellectually grounded development of law. In the article the author analyzes basic concepts of understanding law (natural, historical, psychological, normative, Marxist, of anthropological approach) in order to determine the essence (nature) of law. The study of essential foundations of law is a fundamental task not only for the theory of law and state, but also for other sciences (philosophy of law, sociology of law, history of legal doctrines). The purpose of the work is to study an intellectual nature of law on the basis of analysis of various concepts of understanding law. Methods: the author’s key conclusions and findings are based on the use of materialistic dialectics in comparative legal, sociological and historical methods. Discussions: it is noteworthy that in each concept of understanding law, intelligence (mind, reason, common sense) is considered by scientists as an integral element of the process of legal education. Conclusions: taking into account the stated above, the author proposes to consider law within the framework of an anthropological approach as a result of human intellectual activity not only by its origin, but also by its essential basis, its nature. The author puts forward the thesis that law is the result of intelligence-based thinking activity of a person and suggests the author’s definition of law.

scholarly journals SEJARAH SOSIAL-BUDAYA KABUPATEN KUNINGAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 85
Author(s):  
Euis Thresnawaty S.
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
West Java ◽  
Human Settlements ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Strategic Position

AbstrakKuningan adalah salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang terletak di ujung Timur. Dari sisi sejarah sosial budayanya Kabupaten Kuningan menarik untuk dikaji, karena sejak beberapa abad yang lalu daerah Kuningan telah menjadi daerah pemukiman manusia. Dari penemuan-penemuan benda seperti menhir, dolmen, dan lain-lain dapat disimpulkan bahwa daerah Kuningan telah didiami oleh manusia sejak masa neolitik. Namun demikian, mengingat panjangnya sejarah yang dilalui Kabupaten Kuningan dengan melalui beberapa masa maka penelitian ini difokuskan pada masa kolonial hingga kemerdekaan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kondisi sosial budaya di Kabupaten Kuningan pada masa tersebut. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah yang meliputi heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sejak dahulu posisi Kabupaten Kuningan yang strategis membuat wilayah dan masyarakatnya senantiasa mampu mengikuti dinamika kehidupan, sehingga memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi dengan kelompok masyarakat lainnya baik secara teritorial maupun kultural. AbstractKuningan District is one area in West Java province located at the end of Northeast. In terms of social and cultural history of Kuningan regency, it is interesting to be investigated since from several centuries ago Kuningan has become the area of human settlements. From the discoveries of objects such as menhirs, dolmen, etc , it can be concluded that the Kuningan has been inhabited by humans since the Neolithic era. Nevertheless, due to the long history of Kuningan, this study only focused on the colonial to independence period to determine how the social and cultural conditions in the district of Kuningan in that era. The method used is the historical method which includes heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The results showed that from long ago, the strategic position of Kuningan District makes this area and the community is able to follow the dynamics of life, thus it enables the interaction with other community, both territorially and culturally.

The Origins of Agriculture: a Reconsideration

Antiquity ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 43 (169) ◽  
pp. 31-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. S. Higgs ◽  
M. R. Jarman
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
History Of ◽  
Village Communities ◽  
The Village ◽  
Static Nature ◽  
Ways Of Life ◽  
Natural Way

In recent years increasing attention has been focused on the economic aspects of the changes that took place in human groups in their evolution from 'Palaeolithic' to 'Neolithic' ways of life. Braidwood and Howe carried out valuable pioneer work in this field and it is appropriate to quote their view of the problem [I]. How are we to understand those great changes in mankind's way of life which attended the first appearance of the settled village-farming community? The appearance of the village-farming community marked a transition, in cultural history, of great import for what was to follow. Before it were some half million years of savagery during which small wandering bands of people . . . led an essentially 'natural' catch as catch can existence. This statement emphasizes the static nature of the original, supposed 'natural' way of life, and contrasts it with a relatively sudden development which led to sedentary village communities. It implies a number of assumptions: that before the changes took place 'natural' man lived quite a different life, a life of random nomadism, exploiting his environment haphazardly ; that the changes entailed

scholarly journals Medical history: as it was; as it will be

2020 ◽  
Vol 108 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J. Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
World War I ◽  
American Association ◽  
Social Equity ◽  
Health Sciences ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Medical Library ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Life ◽  
Historical Methods

Born shortly after World War I in 1919 and living through multiple wars, conflicts, and cultural changes in his ninety-six years, Erich Meyerhoff remained a student of history throughout his long life. He regularly attended the annual meetings of the American Association for the History of Medicine and other history groups such as the Medical Library Association’s History of the Health Sciences well into his nineties. This essay traces how the field of history and historical methods changed during Erich’s life and suggests that he saw history and librarianship as a means for achieving social justice and social equity.

John Heywood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Greg Walker
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Golden Age ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Tudor England ◽  
History Of ◽  
John Heywood ◽  
Comprehensive Study

John Heywood: Comedy and Survival in Tudor England offers the first comprehensive study of the long and varied career of the Tudor playwright, poet, musician, performer, humourist, and collector of epigrams, John Heywood (c.1497–1578). It roots his life and work in the context of the profound and often violent religious, political, and cultural changes of the Tudor century that variously provoked, enabled, and restricted the scope of his creativity, and makes the case for Heywood as both one of the sixteenth century’s most fascinating dramatic and literary figures and a revealing lens through which to view the cultural history of the period. It goes beyond the clichés of popular history, beyond Shakespeare and the purpose-built playhouses, beyond the canonical Henrician court poets and writers of the Elizabethan ‘Golden Age’, beyond even the experiences of the century’s chief ministers, intellectuals, and martyrs, to a theatrical and literary world less visible in the conventional sources. It opens a window on a culture in which the actions of monarchs, their councillors, and their victims were witnessed and reflected upon at one remove, but subjected to vigorous, witty, and often audacious criticism and comment.

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