Use of Inhaled Medications to Treat Respiratory Diseases in Dogs and Cats

2006 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Padrid
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroid ◽  
Common Problems ◽  
Traditional Therapies ◽  
Corticosteroid Drugs

Noninfectious disorders of the respiratory tract, including laryngitis, tracheitis, bronchitis, and asthma are common problems in dogs and cats. Traditional therapies have often included corticosteroids and bronchodilators given by mouth or injection. Side effects of this form of treatment can be severe and can result in cessation of therapy. Inhaled corticosteroid drugs are not as absorbed into the systemic circulation, do not result in significant side effects, and are now the standard of care for dogs and cats with respiratory diseases that would otherwise be treated with systemic medications.

Gut microbiome a promising target for management of respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 477 (14) ◽  
pp. 2679-2696
Author(s):  
Riddhi Trivedi ◽  
Kalyani Barve
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Bacterial Flora ◽  
Systemic Circulation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Lung Pathology ◽  
Promising Target ◽  
Current Therapies ◽  
Intestinal Microbial Flora ◽  
On Chip

The intestinal microbial flora has risen to be one of the important etiological factors in the development of diseases like colorectal cancer, obesity, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, anxiety and Parkinson's. The emergence of the association between bacterial flora and lungs led to the discovery of the gut–lung axis. Dysbiosis of several species of colonic bacteria such as Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and transfer of these bacteria from gut to lungs via lymphatic and systemic circulation are associated with several respiratory diseases such as lung cancer, asthma, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, etc. Current therapies for dysbiosis include use of probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics to restore the balance between various species of beneficial bacteria. Various approaches like nanotechnology and microencapsulation have been explored to increase the permeability and viability of probiotics in the body. The need of the day is comprehensive study of mechanisms behind dysbiosis, translocation of microbiota from gut to lung through various channels and new technology for evaluating treatment to correct this dysbiosis which in turn can be used to manage various respiratory diseases. Microfluidics and organ on chip model are emerging technologies that can satisfy these needs. This review gives an overview of colonic commensals in lung pathology and novel systems that help in alleviating symptoms of lung diseases. We have also hypothesized new models to help in understanding bacterial pathways involved in the gut–lung axis as well as act as a futuristic approach in finding treatment of respiratory diseases caused by dysbiosis.

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

Therapeutic Aspects of Squill; An Evidence-Based Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadije Saket ◽  
Jalil T. Afshari ◽  
Ehsan Saburi ◽  
Mahdi Yousefi ◽  
Roshanak Salari
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Traditional Medicine ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Helminthic Infections ◽  
Traditional Persian Medicine ◽  
Healing Of Wounds ◽  
Bioactive Agents

From ancient times, medicinal plants have been usually utilized to treat many disorders, but today, interest in these herbs is again aroused, because of their fewer side effects and low-cost. In traditional medicine, for many diseases, various medicinal herbs have been suggested so far. Drimia maritime, also named squill, is an important medicinal plant for the treatment of many diseases, especially respiratory diseases. In the current evidence-based study, we conducted a review of the general characteristics, ingredients, administration form, and side effects of squill in traditional medicine. For this purpose, traditional Persian medicine literatures and electronic databases were examined including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Many compounds are isolated from D.maritima, including scillaren, scillirubroside, scillarenin, and bufadienolide glycosides. Oxymel is the most commonly used form of squill for various diseases, especially respiratory diseases. Besides, squill has been used in the treatment of cardiovascular, digestive, and dermatological disorders, it is also used against various cancer cells for its antioxidant and cytotoxic properties. Moreover, there is relatively reliable evidence of its benefits for bacterial and helminthic infections, rheumatism, edema, gout, abortion induction, healing of wounds and urine induction. It seems that supplementary studies are required to explore the bioactive agents and their effective mechanisms.

Development of a brief questionnaire (ICQ-S) to monitor inhaled corticosteroid side-effects in clinical practice

Allergy ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Foster ◽  
S. Schokker ◽  
R. Sanderman ◽  
D. S. Postma ◽  
T. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Inhaled Corticosteroid

Kallikrein blood system in acute respiratory diseases with bronchial obstruction syndrome in children

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

The activation of the kinin system of the blood in diseases of the respiratory system leads to an increase in the inflammatory response in the respiratory tract, causes bronchospasm to a large extent, and has an inhibitory effect on the function of the ciliated epithelium. There are no unequivocal judgments about the therapeutic effect of prednisolone in obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis in the literature. There is a negative answer to this question. At the same time, the beneficial effect of corticosteroids on pulmonary mechanics in bronchiolitis was noted.

Postoperative analgesia by adding acupuncture to conventional therapy, a non-randomized controlled trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilana Levy ◽  
Samuel Attias ◽  
Lior Cohen ◽  
Nadav Stoppelmann ◽  
Dan Steinberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Analgesic Effect ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Acupuncture Group ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pain Level ◽  
Randomized Controlled

Abstract Background Postoperative pain is common in patients hospitalized in surgical departments, yet it is currently not sufficiently controlled by analgesics. Acupuncture, a complementary medical practice, has been evaluated for its benefits in postoperative pain with heterogeneous results. We tested the feasibility of a controlled study comparing the postoperative analgesic effect of acupuncture together with standard-of-care to standard-of-care only. Methods In this pilot non-randomized controlled study conducted at a tertiary medical center in Israel, patients received either acupuncture with standard-of-care pain treatment (acupuncture group) or standard-of-care treatment only (control group) following surgery. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) ratings for pain level at rest and in motion were evaluated both at recruitment and two hours after treatment. Acupuncture-related side effects were reported as well. Results We recruited 425 patients; 336 were assigned to the acupuncture group and 89 to the control group. The acupuncture group exhibited a decrease of at least 40% in average level of pain both at rest (1.8±2.4, p<0.0001) and in motion (2.1±2.8, p<0.0001) following acupuncture, whereas the control group exhibited no significant decrease (p=0.92 at rest, p=0.98 in motion). Acupuncture's analgesic effect was even more prominent in reducing moderate to severe pain at baseline (VAS ≥4), with a decrease of 49% and 45% of pain level at rest and in motion respectively (p<0.001), compared with no significant amelioration in the control group (p=0.20 at rest, p=0.12 in motion). No major side effects were reported. Conclusion Integrating acupuncture with standard care may improve pain control in the postoperative setting.

scholarly journals The state of the capillary bed in children with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract according to computer capillaroscopy of the nail bed

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Yu. L. Mizernitskiy ◽  
I. M. Melnikova ◽  
E. V. Udaltsova
Keyword(s):  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Nail Bed ◽  
Capillary Bed ◽  
Functional Features

Introduction. The actuality of children allergic respiratory diseases problem is due to the steady increase oftheir occurrence all over the world. Computerized capillaroscopy (ССS) of the nail bed is a non-invasive and highly informative method for assessing the structural and functional parameters of capillaries in real time and physiological conditions, and so it is effectively applied in pediatric practice. However, studies in this promising direction are rare. Aim. Was to determine the microcirculation peculiarities in children suffering from respiratory allergic diseases with prolonged cough, using the method of computerized capillaroscopy of the nail bed. Materials and methods. 238 children aged from 2 to 17 years with acute and chronic respiratory diseases, accompanied by prolonged (more than 4 weeks) cough, were examined and divided into 4 groups (Gr): Gr1 (n=68) – patients with acute or exacerbation of the chronic upper respiratory tract diseases of the infectious genesis; Gr2 (n=53) – patients with lower respiratory tract infection; Gr3 (n=39) – patients with allergic rhinitis; Gr4 (n=78) – patients with bronchial asthma (BA). All patients underwent history, examination and ССS of the nail bed. Results. Patients with allergic diseases of the respiratory tract, especially with BA, were found to have structural and functional disorders of the capillary bed and a pronounced increase in the length of the perivascular zone indicating an increase in the hydration degree of the interstitial space due to chronic allergic inflammation, in contrast to children with respiratory tract infection getting changed microcirculation parameters mainly in the venous part of capillaries. Conclusion. CСS of the nail bed is a highly informative method to identify functional features of the capillaries in allergic and infectious pathologies of the respiratory system, which can be successfully used as additional criteria for their differential diagnosis.

scholarly journals Cost Impact Model of a Novel Multi-mRNA Host Response Assay for Diagnosis and Risk Assessment of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections and Sepsis in the Emergency Department

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
John E. Schneider ◽  
Jonathan Romanowsky ◽  
Philipp Schuetz ◽  
Ivana Stojanovic ◽  
Henry K. Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Host Response ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
Impact Model ◽  
Cost Impact ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: Early identification of acute infections and sepsis remains an unmet medical need. While early detection and initiation of treatment reduces mortality, inappropriate treatment leads to adverse events and the development of antimicrobial resistance. Current diagnostic and prognostic solutions, including procalcitonin, lack required accuracy. A novel blood-based host response test, HostDx™ Sepsis by Inflammatix, Inc., assesses the likelihood of a bacterial infection, the likelihood of a viral infection, and the severity of the condition. Objectives: We estimated the economic impact of adopting HostDx Sepsis testing among patients with suspected acute respiratory tract infection (ARTI) in the emergency department (ED). Methods: Our cost impact model estimated costs for adult ED patients with suspected ARTI under the standard of care versus with the adoption of HostDx Sepsis from the perspective of US payers. Included costs were those assumed to be associated with an episode of sepsis diagnosis, management, and treatment. Projected accuracies for test predictions, disease prevalence, and clinical parameters was derived from patient-level meta-analysis data of randomized trials, supplemented with published performance data for HostDx Sepsis. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed on key input parameters. Results: Compared to standard of care including procalcitonin, the superior test characteristics of HostDx Sepsis resulted in an average cost savings of approximately US$1974 per patient (-31.3%) exclusive of the cost of HostDx Sepsis. Reductions in hospital days (-0.80 days, -36.7%), antibiotic days (-1.49 days, -29.5%), and percent 30-day mortality (-1.67%, -13.64%) were driven by HostDx Sepsis providing fewer “noninformative” moderate risk predictions and more “certain” low- or high-risk predictions compared to standard of care, especially for patients who were not severely ill. These results were robust to changes in key parameters, including disease prevalence. Conclusions: Our model shows substantial savings associated with introduction of HostDx Sepsis among patients with ARTIs in EDs. These results need confirmation in interventional trials.

scholarly journals Treatment of respiratory diseases with inhalation patches

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
L S. Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
High Incidence

The high incidence of respiratory infections at an early age requires constant attention of doctors of various specialties. It should be born in mind that the development of the respiratory tract in young children has unique features, and that different drugs can have different effects on the mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium. Also take into account the possibility of using different ways drugs can be administered to prevent and treat respiratory infections with due account for the age of the child, the effectiveness of action and adverse events risk reduction.

scholarly journals Experience in treatment and prevention of respiratory diseases relapses in children with the use of the phytotherapeutic complex «Alpicol»: feedback of doctors in Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
О.К. Koloskova ◽  
◽  
A.L. Kosakovskyi ◽  
T.M. Bilous ◽  
I.B. Horbatiuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Therapeutic Efficacy ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Parents And Children

Infectious and inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract in children are the «leaders» among all pathologies of childhood. Optimization of therapeutic and prophylactic approaches for infectious and inflammatory pathologies of the respiratory system by reducing the frequency of unreasonable antibiotic therapy and eliminating polypragmatic use is a relevant problem of modern pediatrics and otolaryngology. According to WHO guidelines, modern standardized herbal medicines are not inferior in efficiency to synthetic ones. The aim — to analyze the results of assessment by doctors of the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of the remedy «Alpicol» on the basis of a questionnaire, as well as clinical examination of patients before using the medication and after completion of the course of treatment. Materials and methods. The advantages of «Alpicol» were analyzed through a questionnaire offered by first contact practitioners to children in order to receive feedback on the assessment of the preventive and therapeutic efficacy of this medication. Doctors from 9 regions of Ukraine were involved, and 6,093 questionnaires of children of different ages were analyzed. Results. The frequency of registration of a pronounced paediatric pain (3 scores) with the use of the «Alpicol» medication significantly decreased (23.7 times), a moderate manifestation of the disease (2 scores), was 17 times less at the same time, mild manifestations of paediatric pain remained at the same level. Patients with a comorbid pathology of the respiratory tract in the form of recurrent lesions of the upper and lower airways during the 2nd visit received a zero score (no symptoms) significantly less frequently than children with pathology of the upper respiratory tract with 62.6% of cases versus 72.2% of observations, respectively (p<0.05). As a result of the use of the course of «Alpicol» medication, a statistically significant decrease in the severity of the catarrhal symptom complex was achieved, since the proportion of the course of disease, assessed by the maximum number of scores, decreased by 29.6 times, moderate (score 2) — 13.3 times, and zero scores appeared 5.7 times more often. At the same time, the proportion of patients with a mild course of catarrh practically did not change. Conclusions. «Alpicol» has a multi;vector efficacy against the complex of symptoms that accompany infectious and inflammatory exacerbations of recurrent respiratory diseases. This is manifested by a decrease in the severity of clinical manifestations of the disease, as well as in an increase in cases of clinical stabilization of the patient's condition, which demonstrates the therapeutic and prophylactic effect of the drug «Alpicol» on the course of recurrent respiratory diseases in children. The study was carried out in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was adopted by the Local Ethics Committee of all institutions indicated in this research. The informed consent of parents and children was obtained. The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Key words: ecurrent respiratory diseases, treatment and prevention, children, phytocomplexes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document