scholarly journals Treatment of respiratory diseases with inhalation patches

2019 ◽  
pp. 89-94
Author(s):  
L S. Starostina
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Constant Attention ◽  
High Incidence

The high incidence of respiratory infections at an early age requires constant attention of doctors of various specialties. It should be born in mind that the development of the respiratory tract in young children has unique features, and that different drugs can have different effects on the mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium. Also take into account the possibility of using different ways drugs can be administered to prevent and treat respiratory infections with due account for the age of the child, the effectiveness of action and adverse events risk reduction.

Kallikrein blood system in acute respiratory diseases with bronchial obstruction syndrome in children

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
V. A. Anokhin
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Answer ◽  
Blood System ◽  
Pulmonary Mechanics ◽  
Bronchial Obstruction ◽  
Ciliated Epithelium ◽  
Kinin System ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

The activation of the kinin system of the blood in diseases of the respiratory system leads to an increase in the inflammatory response in the respiratory tract, causes bronchospasm to a large extent, and has an inhibitory effect on the function of the ciliated epithelium. There are no unequivocal judgments about the therapeutic effect of prednisolone in obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis in the literature. There is a negative answer to this question. At the same time, the beneficial effect of corticosteroids on pulmonary mechanics in bronchiolitis was noted.

scholarly journals Probiotics in the management of respiratory diseases: ways of interaction and therapeutic perspectives

2019 ◽  
pp. 173-182
Author(s):  
I. N. Zakharova ◽  
I. V. Berezhnaya ◽  
L. Ya. Klimov ◽  
A. N. Kasyanova ◽  
O. V. Dedikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
High Viral Load ◽  
Sufficient Detail ◽  
Probiotic Strains

Today, the composition of the gut microbiota has been studied in sufficient detail. Increasing number of studies show that the respiratory tract, both the upper and lower respiratory tract, have their own microbiota. The article presents the main today’s data about the species diversity of microorganisms in the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, describes the role of a healthy microbiota in providing local and general immunity. The authors specify the role of probiotic strains of microorganisms and their effect on various parts of the immune response and present the data of studies on the effect of probiotic products on the immunological resistance of humans, especially the respiratory tract with high viral load. Restoration of a healthy microbiota in the human tract using probiotic products administered through the gastrointestinal tract can reduce the risk and severity of manifestation of the respiratory infections.

scholarly journals Ability of Microorganisms, Causing Respiratory Infections in Children, to Form Biofilms in vitro

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
H. O. Isaieva ◽  
◽  
M. M. Mishyna ◽  
Y. A. Mozgova ◽  
M. O. Gonchar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Tract Infections

The purpose of the study was to detect ability to form biofilms by microorganisms that cause respiratory tract infections. Materials and methods. The study involved 97 strains of microorganisms. Microorganisms were isolated from children with respiratory tract infections. All strains, isolated from patients, were able to form biofilms. There were 44 strains of S. aureus (from patients with pneumonia – 13 strains, from patients with other respiratory diseases – 31), 34 strains of S. pneumoniae (pneumonia – 27 strains, other respiratory diseases – 7), 13 strains of K. pneumoniae (pneumonia – 6 strains, other respiratory diseases – 7), 6 strains of P. aeruginosa (pneumonia – 5 strains, other respiratory diseases – 1). Children were treated at the pulmonary department and intensive care unit in Kharkiv Regional Children's Clinical Hospital. Results and discussion. The optical density of primary biofilms formed by Gram-positive microorganisms was 1.33±0.24 Units of OD, and their secondary biofilms was 0.32±0.10 Units of OD. In patients with pneumonia optical density of primary biofilms of Gram-positive microorganisms was 1.48±0.21 Units of OD and of secondary biofilms was 0.30±0.08 Units of OD. Optical density of primary biofilms of Gram-positive microorganisms in patients with other respiratory infections was 1.18±0.15 Units of OD, of secondary biofilms was 0.35±0.12 Units of OD. The optical density of primary biofilms formed by Gram-negative microorganisms was 2.01±1.03 Units of OD, optical density of secondary biofilms was 1.06±0.42 Units of OD. In patients with pneumonia optical density of primary biofilms of Gram-negative microorganisms was 2.57±0.87 Units of OD, of secondary biofilms was 1.21±0.50 Units of OD. Optical density of primary biofilms of Gram-negative microorganisms in patients with other respiratory infections was 1.24±0.66 Units of OD, of secondary biofilms was 0.84±0.11 Units of OD. Conclusion. Gram-negative microorganisms in general formed more massive biofilms compared with Gram-positive microorganisms. Among all microorganisms P. aeruginosa formed the thickest primary and secondary biofilms. Strains of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients with pneumonia formed the thickest primary and secondary biofilms. Strains of S. aureus isolated from patients with other respiratory infections formed most massive primary biofilms, strains of K. pneumoniae formed the hardest secondary biofilms in this group

SOME ASPECTS OF THE MUKOAKTIV THERAPY OF ACUTE RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN THE CHILDREN

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Natalya Dmitriyevna Soroka
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Early Age ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Acute Respiratory Disease ◽  
Dry Extract ◽  
Post Marketing ◽  
Acute Respiratory Diseases

The article presents the data on acute respiratory infections in children, defined the characteristics of the modern trends, gives a brief clinical characteristics of protracted variants of acute respiratory disease. The reasonability of mykoaktive therapy in the treatment of acute respiratory diseases. Presents data post marketing study of efficacy and safety of mykoaktive preparation Prospan (Manufacturer Engelhard Arzneimittel, Germany). Prospan marked by a high secretolytic, bronchospasmolytic effects and safety of dry extract of leaves of ivy of the treatment of acute respiratory diseases, including children of early age, as well as the opportunity to personalize the application of various medicinal forms preparation and ways of delivery to the organism of a sick child.

Statistical analysis of distribution, dynamics and etiological structure of bovine diseases in Vologda region

2020 ◽  
pp. 3-4
Author(s):  
Oksana B. Badeeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Statistical Data ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Specific Weight ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Vologda Region ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
High Level

Statistical data of livestock for 30 years is reflected in the article. Author used the materials of the state veterinary reporting. A comparative analysis of the number, incidence and death rate of adult animals and young cattle for two five-year periods (2001-2005 and 2014-2018). the data of the analysis of veterinary statistical reports for 2018 on the specific weight of the large horned cattle and age dynamics of calves in farms of the Vologda region are shown. A significant decrease in livestock of the large horned cattle by 56.3% (from 1990 to 2018) is shown in the analysis of the data. Over the five years 2014-2018, there was a decrease in the number of the large horned cattle by 31.3%, the birth rate of calves - by 26.2%, and the incidence of calves - by 12.3% and the mortality rate decreased by 3.3%. Despite the decline in the number of livestock, in 2018 there is a high incidence of animal diseases (49.6%). The highest incidence rate was observed among calves under 10 days of age 43.3%, 31.7% - from 11 to 30 days, 15.8% - from one to three months, 6.5% - from three to six months and 2.7% - from 6 to 12 months. Of the total number of sick calves in 2018, 63.2% had gastrointestinal diseases, and death for this reason is 49.6% of the total number of victims. Respiratory diseases affect 21.8% of young animals, and death due to respiratory diseases is 18.2%. Analysis of statistical data showed that, despite the complex of veterinary and sanitary measures, the incidence and death of calves remain at a high level. This can be explained by delayed diagnosis and low therapeutic effectiveness in gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases of cattle.

Criterion characteristics of professional risk of the formation of pathology of the upper respiratory tracts

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-788
Author(s):  
I. N. Fedina ◽  
O. N. Grishin ◽  
A. G. Uchurov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Mucous Membrane ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The influence of dust influence on the change of the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract was determined. The criteria of occupational risk of pathology of the upper respiratory tract in workers of «dust-hazardous» industries are established.

OCCURRENCE OF THE RISKS FOR DEVELOPMENT OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO THE CHEMICAL FACTORS OF THE EXPOSURE OF ALUMINA REFINERY- ASSOCIATED BUSINESS ACTIVITY

2019 ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Zemlianova ◽  
I.V. Tikhonova
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Allergic Inflammation ◽  
Respiratory Morbidity ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Chemical Factors ◽  
Chronic Lymphoproliferative Diseases

Alumina refineries are among the leading sources of atmospheric air pollution with a wide range of pollutants hazardous to human respiratory organs. It is relevant to study and evaluate the occurrence of the risks for development of respiratory diseases in children living in the area affected by the emission components of an alumina refinery. We assessed air quality of the area under observation and comparison according to monitoring observations, risk of non-carcinogenic effects from the respiratory organs. The content of chemicals in the blood and urine adequate to risk factors was quantified. The structure of individual groups of respiratory diseases was analyzed. The causal relationships of violations of laboratory parameters with an increased content of chemicals in biological media were evaluated. It was found that an aerogenic exposure of chemical pollutants is formed on the territory with the production of metallurgical alumina. It determines the risk for development of respiratory diseases, exceeding an acceptable level up to 49.9 times. In the exposed children, the content of manganese, chromium, nickel, copper, xylenes, formaldehyde and aluminum, fluoride ion in the urine was increased to 4.2 times in relation to the indices in the comparison group. A high level of additional respiratory morbidity(1.8 times) was revealed. Chronic lymphoproliferative diseases of the nasopharynx and inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract (up to 6.6 times more often), inflammatory diseases with a predominance of the mechanism of allergic inflammation ( up to 2.1 times more often)are more often detected in the framework of the respiratory diseases. Negative effects on the part of the respiratory system in the form of activation of antioxidant processes, the development of an inflammatory reaction, local, general and specific sensitization of the respiratory tract were established. It confirms the occurrence of the risks for the development of respiratory diseases in children in the exposure area of the chemical factors of alumina refinery-associated economic activity.

scholarly journals PREPARE: protocol for a stepped wedge trial to evaluate whether a risk stratification model can reduce preterm deliveries among women with suspected or confirmed preterm pre-eclampsia

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Augusto Bastos Dias ◽  
◽  
Leandro De Oliveira ◽  
Arundhanthi Jeyabalan ◽  
Beth Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Transfer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Risk Reduction ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cluster Randomised Trial ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Stepped Wedge ◽  
Number Of Patients

Abstract Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a major cause of short and long-term morbidity for affected infants, including consequences of fetal growth restriction and iatrogenic prematurity. In Brazil, this is a special problem as PE accounts for 18% of preterm births (PTB). In the PREPARE (Prematurity REduction by Pre-eclampsia cARE) study, we will test a novel system of integrated care based on risk stratification and knowledge transfer, to safely reduce PTB. Methods This is a stepped wedge cluster randomised trial that will include women with suspected or confirmed PE between 20 + 0 and 36 + 6 gestational weeks. All pregnant women presenting with these findings at seven tertiary centres in geographically dispersed sites, throughout Brazil, will be considered eligible and evaluated in terms of risk stratification at admission. At randomly allocated time points, sites will transition to risk stratification performed according to sFlt-1/PlGF (Roche Diagnostics) measurement and fullPIERS score with both results will be revealed to care providers. The healthcare providers of women stratified as low risk for adverse outcomes (sFlt-1/PlGF ≤38 AND fullPIERS< 10% risk) will receive the recommendation to defer delivery. sFlt-1/PlGF will be repeated once and fullPIERS score twice a week. Rates of prematurity due to preeclampsia before and after the intervention will be compared. Additionally, providers will receive an active program of knowledge transfer about WHO recommendations for preeclampsia, including recommendations regarding antenatal corticosteroids for foetal benefits, antihypertensive therapy and magnesium sulphate for seizure prophylaxis. This study will have 90% power to detect a reduction in PTB associated with PE from a population estimate of 1.5 to 1.0%, representing a 33% risk reduction, and 80% power to detect a reduction from 2.0 to 1.5% (25% risk reduction). The necessary number of patients recruited to achieve these results is 750. Adverse events, serious adverse events, both anticipated and unanticipated will be recorded. Discussion The PREPARE intervention expects to reduce PTB and improve care of women with PE without significant adverse side effects. If successful, this novel pathway of care is designed for rapid translation to healthcare throughout Brazil and may be transferrable to other low and middle income countries. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03073317.

scholarly journals Viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infections in Macao: a retrospective study from 2014 to 2017

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Lei ◽  
Lisong Yang ◽  
Cheong Tat Lou ◽  
Fan Yang ◽  
Kin Ian SiTou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Etiology ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Syncytial Virus ◽  
Tract Infections

Abstract Background Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are among the leading causes of hospitalization in children. Understanding the local dominant viral etiologies is important to inform infection control practices and clinical management. This study aimed to investigate the viral etiology and epidemiology of respiratory infections among pediatric inpatients in Macao. Methods A retrospective study using electronic health records between 2014 and 2017 at Kiang Wu Hospital was performed. Nasopharyngeal swab specimens were obtained from hospitalized children aged 13 years or younger with respiratory tract diseases. xMAP multiplex assays were employed to detect respiratory agents including 10 respiratory viruses. Data were analyzed to describe the frequency and seasonality. Results Of the 4880 children enrolled in the study, 3767 (77.1%) were positive for at least one of the 13 viral pathogens tested, of which 2707 (55.5%) being male and 2635 (70.0%) under 2 years old. Among the positive results, there were 3091 (82.0%) single infections and 676 (18.0%) multiple infections. The predominant viruses included human rhinovirus/enterovirus (HRV/EV 27.4%), adenovirus (ADV, 15.8%), respiratory syncytial virus B (RSVB, 7.8%) and respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA, 7.8%). The detection of viral infection was the most prevalent in autumn (960/1176, 81.6%), followed by spring (1095/1406, 77.9%), winter (768/992, 77.4%), and summer (944/1306, 72.3%), with HRV/EV and ADV being most commonly detected throughout the 4 years of study period. The detection rate of viral infection was highest among ARI patients presented with croup (123/141, 87.2%), followed by lower respiratory tract infection (1924/2356, 81.7%) and upper respiratory tract infection (1720/2383, 72.2%). FluA, FluB and ADV were positive factors for upper respiratory tract infections. On the other hand, infection with RSVA, RSVB, PIV3, PIV4, HMPV, and EV/RHV were positively associated with lower respiratory tract infections; and PIV1, PIV2, and PIV3 were positively associated with croup. Conclusions This is the first study in Macao to determine the viral etiology and epidemiology of pediatric patients hospitalized for ARIs. The study findings can contribute to the awareness of pathogen, appropriate preventative measure, accurate diagnosis, and proper clinical management of respiratory viral infections among children in Macao.

scholarly journals The local antibody response to R.S. virus infection in the respiratory tract

1974 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Scott ◽  
P. S. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
High Titre ◽  
Virus Infections ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Neutralizing Activity ◽  
Tract Infections

SUMMARYNasopharyngeal secretions were taken during the acute phase of illness from 66 infants and children admitted to hospital with lower respiratory tract infections. Second secretions were taken, after an interval of 7 days, from 33 of these patients. A significant increase in neutralizing activity to R.S. virus was demonstrated in the nasopharyngeal secretions of patients in response to severe R.S. virus infection. Seventeen out of 25 patients (68%) with R.S. virus infections developed a rise in secretory neutralizing titre, compared with only 1 out of 8 patients (13%) with respiratory infections not involving R.S. virus.A high titre of secretory neutralizing activity was found more often in the acute phase of illness in patients with R.S. virus infections, especially bronchiolitis, than in patients with respiratory infections not involving R.S. virus. Fifteen out of 34 patients (44%) with R.S. virus bronchiolitis were found to possess a neutralizing titre of 1/4 or more in their first secretions, compared with 4 out of 12 patients (33%) with R.S. virus infections other than bronchiolitis and 3 out of 20 patients (15%) with respiratory infections not involving R.S. virus.A quantitative analysis of the immunoglobulins present in the secretions indicated that IgA was the only immunoglobulin consistently present at a detectable concentration. The geometric mean values of IgA, IgM and IgG in the secretions examined were found to be 22·3, 4·3 and 5·3 mg./lOO ml. respectively.The neutralizing activity against R.S. virus, present in the secretions, was shown to be due to specific IgA antibody. This was accomplished by removing the neutralizing activitv in two secretions bv absorotion with anti-IaA serum.

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