scholarly journals Epidemiological comparison of adults with TBI before and after the mandatory use of frontal airbags in Salvador

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor de Araújo Coelho ◽  
Gabriela Malaquias Barreto Gomes ◽  
Vicente José Araújo Neto ◽  
Rodrigo Costa Micheli Xavier
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Average Amount ◽  
Automobile Accidents ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Law ◽  
External Trauma ◽  
Mandatory Use

Introduction: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an external trauma, which results in brain alterations. Law 11.910, which requires the presence of frontal Airbags, was developed as a mechanism to minimize the consequences of automobile accidents, like TBI. Objectives: To epidemiologically compare adults with TBI before and after the mandatory use of Airbags in Salvador. Design and settings: An ecological study in Brazil. Methods: Data was published by the Ministry of Health through DATASUS. The selected timeframe was five years before and after the mandatory use of frontal Airbags (2014). The data collected were hospitalizations, deaths, mortality rate, age, and total value. Results: The average mortality rate due to TBI (2009-2013) was 11.6, while decreasing from 2014- 2018 to 8.9 (reduction of 23,3%). The average amount spent in the period preceding the law was 1.250.675 reais, while afterwards it was 1.535.268 (increase of 22,76%). The age group with the most hospitalizations before the law was 20-29 years old, while after it was 30-39. Conclusions: There was a reduction in the mortality rate after 2014, which may be associated with the mandatory use of Airbags. Prior to the law, the total amount spent was lower, possibly associated with a greater severity of injuries and, consequently, a higher number of deaths.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of TBI in children under 10 years old before and after the implementation of the child seat law in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Menezes de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Brenda Luiza de Sousa Sanches ◽  
Guilherme Ribeiro Soare ◽  
Tauá Vieira Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Car Seat ◽  
Average Length Of Stay ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Law ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: The Car Seat Law (2008) aims to minimize the impacts of traffic accidents on children under 10 years old, including the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI). Objectives: To compare the epidemiological profile of TBI in children under 10 years old before and after the implementation of the Child Seat Law in Brazil. Design and setting: Ecological study in Brazil. Methods: Data was collected from the Ministry of Health, through DATASUS. The decade prior (1998- 2007) and subsequent (2009-2018) to the implementation of the Law were analyzed. The data collected included children of 10 years or less, average length of stay, hospitalizations, deaths, and mortality. Results: The average mortality between 1998-2007 was 2.31, while between 2009-2018 was 1.59, reducing 30.8%. There was also a reduction of 11% in the average stay averages, which went from 3.6 to 3.2 days. There was a 30.7% decrease in the lethality rate, from 2.3 to 1.6. The median of hospitalizations before the Law was 14,230, while afterwards it was 12,851. Conclusion: There was a significant decrease in the average mortality rate, lethality rate and average stay averages since the Law. This may suggest the Law’s effectiveness in protecting children under 10 years of age.

scholarly journals Morbidity and Mortality of Traumatic Brain Injury in Hospitalized Patients in Brazil Between 2010 and 2020: An Ecological Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vitória Bittencourt de Carvalho ◽  
Kauan Alves Sousa Madruga
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Traumatic Injury ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Hospitalization Rate ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Unified Health System

Background: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is defined as any traumatic injury causing an anatomical lesion or functional impairment of the scalp, skull, meninges, brain or its vessels. Hospitalization of this patient, depending on the severity, can result in irreversible sequelae or death. Objective: To report the morbidity and mortality rates of patients suffering from TBI hospitalized in Brazilian hospitals between 2010 and 2020. Methods: Descriptive ecological study of the data collected at the Informatics Department of the Unified Health System (DATASUS). Results: There were 1,143,187 admissions due to TBI. There was a predominance of males with 871,999 (76.28%) cases and the age group between 20 and 29 years old 199,857 (17.48%). Brown patients were the ones with the highest hospitalization rate: 370,639 (32.42%). The mortality rate in the period was 9.52/100 hospitalizations, with the Southeast region occupying the first place (10.44 per 100 hospitalizations). In total, 108,853 deaths were recorded, of which 50,013 occurred in the Southeast, the region with the highest rate. Although the number of deaths was higher in people between 20 and 29 years old (16,687), the age group with the highest mortality rate was over 80 years old (19.84 per 100 hospitalizations). Conclusion: In the last 10 years, TBI has caused 1,143,187 hospitalizations in Brazil, with a predominance of males and the age group between 20 and 29 years. Brown patients had the highest rate of hospitalization. The region with the highest mortality was the Southeast and the smallest was the South.

scholarly journals Differences in infant and child mortality before and after the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami: a large population-based ecological study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. e022737 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Tashiro ◽  
Kayako Sakisaka ◽  
Etsuji Okamoto ◽  
Honami Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Child Mortality ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Population Based ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality ◽  
Before And After

ObjectivesTo examine associations between access to medical care, geological data, and infant and child mortality in the area of North-Eastern Japan that was impacted by the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (GEJET) in 2011.DesignA population-based ecological study using publicly available data.SettingTwenty secondary medical areas (SMAs) in the disaster-affected zones in the north-eastern prefectures of Japan (Iwate, Fukushima and Miyagi). Participants: Children younger than 10 years who died in the 20 SMAs between 2008 and 2014 (n=1 748). Primary and secondary outcome measures: Multiple regression analysis for infant and child mortality rate. The mean values were applied for infant and child mortality rates and other factors before GEJET (2008–2010) and after GEJET (2012–2014).ResultsBetween 2008 and 2014, the most common cause of death among children younger than 10 years was accidents. The mortality rate per 100 000 persons was 39.1±41.2 before 2011, 226.7±43.4 in 2011 and 31.4±39.1 after 2011. Regression analysis revealed that the mortality rate was positively associated with low age in each period, while the coastal zone was negatively associated with fewer disaster base hospitals in 2011. By contrast, the number of obstetrics and gynaecology centres (β=−189.9, p=0.02) and public health nurses (β=−1.7, p=0.01) was negatively associated with mortality rate per person in 2011.ConclusionsIn 2011, the mortality rate among children younger than 10 years was 6.4 times higher than that before and after 2011. Residence in a coastal zone was significantly associated with higher child mortality rates.

scholarly journals Analytical Study of the Evolution of Hospitalizations for Traumatic Brain Injury In Brazil, In Comparison With Region, Race, Gender, Age Range and Death, Between January 2011 and December 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel de Christo Esteves ◽  
Antônio Henrique Roberti dos Santos ◽  
Guilherme Neumann de Araújo ◽  
Mylena Sobreira Sena ◽  
Giovanna Amaral Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Important Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
External Agent ◽  
Methods Analytical

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) consists of an damage to the brain tissue by an external agent, whether due to falls, car accidents or aggressions. It is a situation that often requires emergency care, due to possible sequelae and the imminent risk of death. Thus, TCE is one of the main causes of death worldwide, especially in children and young adults, translating into an important public health problem with a high socioeconomic impact. Objectives: To report the number of hospitalizations for TBI, in order to clarify the relationship between it and the variables studied. Methods: Analytical epidemiological study carried out by research at DATASUS based on data on head trauma in Brazil, with patients aged less than 1 year to 80 years or more, between January 2011 and December 2020, associating the location according to the age group, region, race, gender, mortality rate, year and number of deaths in the country. Results: Observing the cases of intracranial trauma, in the last 10 years (2011- 2020), 1,033,512 cases were noted, 787,480 (76.19%) of which were male. As for the regional proportion, there is a higher incidence in the southeastern region, with 431,785 (43.02%) cases, with São Paulo being 236,653 (54.80%) the state with the largest number, followed by the northeast region, in which it occupies the second position with the highest number of cases, with 274,781 (26.58%) and Ceará the most relevant state with 65,602 (23.87%) cases. Regarding race, browns with 348,581 (33.72%) cases had the highest rate. Evaluating an age group, 17.23% of the cases are between 20 and 29 years old, followed by 14.88% between 30 and 39 years old. In relation to deaths, there is a total of 98,537, with the age group between 20 and 29 years with the highest incidence with 14,814 (15.03%), with a highlight in the male gender with 13,152 (88.78%). With regard to the mortality rate, a higher rate was observed in males aged over 80 years. Conclusion: Traumatic brain injury often requires an early diagnosis for a better prognosis. Judging from the large number of cases, it is worth investing in methods for early diagnosis, seeking to improve the prognosis and reduce the total number of deaths. In addition, it is necessary to look at the causes of TBI and to emphasize the prevention of causes that can be avoided, especially among the youngest who are the most affected group.

scholarly journals Map of homicides by firearms: profile of the victims and the assaults

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 748-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth França Cizino da Trindade ◽  
Flávia Azevedo de Mattos Moura Costa ◽  
Patrícia de Paula Alves Costa da Silva ◽  
Gustavo Bussi Caminiti ◽  
Claudia Benedita dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Urban Inequality ◽  
The City

AbstractOBJECTIVEDescribing the profile of victims and assaults by gunshot, where the outcome was death.METHODAn ecological study conducted in the city of Maceió/AL, in 2012. Data were collected from the death statements. The variables studied were: the death circumstances, gender, age, marital status, place, date, time, month and proportion according to the occurring neighborhood.RESULTSThe homicide mortality rate was 65.2 per 100,000 inhabitants, with 130.6 per 100,000 men and 7.8 per 100,000 women. Of the total number of homicides, 93.6% of the victims were men. The age group between 15 and 29 years of age was the most affected, with 68.8%. In 97.6% of cases the death occurred at the site of aggression, 74.1% in the streets. In relation to the date, 54.2% of cases occurred between Friday and Sunday. 59.7% of the homicides were concentrated in seven neighborhoods.CONCLUSIONThe map of violence presented shows heterogeneous areas for the occurrence of assaults with firearms, characterizing the existing urban inequality in violence distribution.

scholarly journals Epidemiological profile of neurological diseases in Brazil from 2011 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebeca Menezes de Oliveira Lima ◽  
Caio Lopes Pereira Santos ◽  
Gabriela Malta Coutinho ◽  
Natalia Guerreiro Costa Neeser ◽  
Tauá Vieira Bahia
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Ecological Study ◽  
Neurological Diseases ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The South ◽  
Public System ◽  
The Public ◽  
The North ◽  
Epidemiological Profile

Background: Studying the epidemiology of neurological diseases is important to improve the Public System. Objectives: To describe the epidemiological profile of neurological diseases in Brazil between 2011 and 2020. Design and setting: Ecological study in Brazil. Methods: Data was collected from the Ministry of Health, through DATASUS. The period analyzed was between 2011 and 2020. The data collected were region, age, deaths, mortality rate, and average stay due to neurological diseases. Results: 1,833,363 hospitalizations were recorded, with 89,046 deaths. The age group from 50 to 54 years old was the most hospitalized (147,832 cases) and the 80 years and over had the highest mortality rate (14.9). The average stay averages were 13.1 days and the average lethality rates were 4.9. Furthermore, the highest average prevalence of cases per 100,000 inhabitants occurred in the South (142), while the lowest was in the North (49). However, there was a higher mortality rate in the North (6.2) than in the South (4.2). Conclusions: The highest mortality rate in the age of 80 years and over may be associated whit the effects of old age. Moreover, the lowest prevalence of cases and the highest mortality rate in North is possibly related to a deficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of this diseases in that location.

Artifact removal from neurophysiological signals: impact on intracranial and arterial pressure monitoring in traumatic brain injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 1952-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Bo Lee ◽  
Hakseung Kim ◽  
Young-Tak Kim ◽  
Frederick A. Zeiler ◽  
Peter Smielewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Neurological Status ◽  
Cerebrovascular Reactivity ◽  
Cerebral Hypoperfusion ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Artifact Removal ◽  
Clinical Events ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Before And After

OBJECTIVEMonitoring intracranial and arterial blood pressure (ICP and ABP, respectively) provides crucial information regarding the neurological status of patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, these signals are often heavily affected by artifacts, which may significantly reduce the reliability of the clinical determinations derived from the signals. The goal of this work was to eliminate signal artifacts from continuous ICP and ABP monitoring via deep learning techniques and to assess the changes in the prognostic capacities of clinical parameters after artifact elimination.METHODSThe first 24 hours of monitoring ICP and ABP in a total of 309 patients with TBI was retrospectively analyzed. An artifact elimination model for ICP and ABP was constructed via a stacked convolutional autoencoder (SCAE) and convolutional neural network (CNN) with 10-fold cross-validation tests. The prevalence and prognostic capacity of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events were compared before and after artifact elimination.RESULTSThe proposed SCAE-CNN model exhibited reliable accuracy in eliminating ABP and ICP artifacts (net prediction rates of 97% and 94%, respectively). The prevalence of ICP- and ABP-related clinical events (i.e., systemic hypotension, intracranial hypertension, cerebral hypoperfusion, and poor cerebrovascular reactivity) all decreased significantly after artifact removal.CONCLUSIONSThe SCAE-CNN model can be reliably used to eliminate artifacts, which significantly improves the reliability and efficacy of ICP- and ABP-derived clinical parameters for prognostic determinations after TBI.

scholarly journals The Acute Effects of a Swimming Session on the Shoulder Rotators Strength and Balance of Age Group Swimmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8109
Author(s):  
Nuno Batalha ◽  
Jose A. Parraca ◽  
Daniel A. Marinho ◽  
Ana Conceição ◽  
Hugo Louro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Muscle Strengthening ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Shoulder Strength ◽  
Isometric Torque ◽  
Gender Specific

The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of a standardized water training session on the shoulder rotators strength and balance in age group swimmers, in order to understand whether a muscle-strengthening workout immediately after the water training is appropriate. A repeated measures design was implemented with two measurements performed before and after a standardized swim session. 127 participants were assembled in male (n = 72; age: 16.28 ± 1.55 years, height: 174.15 ± 7.89 cm, weight: 63.97 ± 6.51 kg) and female (n = 55; age: 15.29 ± 1.28 years, height: 163.03 ± 7.19 cm, weight: 52.72 ± 5.48 kg) cohorts. The isometric torque of the shoulder internal (IR) and external (ER) rotators, as well as the ER/IR ratios, were assessed using a hand-held dynamometer. Paired sample t-tests and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were used (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were found on the shoulder rotators strength or balance in males after training. Females exhibited unchanged strength values after practice, but there was a considerable decrease in the shoulder rotators balance of the non-dominant limb (p < 0.01 d = 0.366). This indicates that a single practice seems not to affect the shoulders strength and balance of adolescent swimmers, but this can be a gender specific phenomenon. While muscle-strengthening workout after the water session may be appropriate for males, it can be questionable regarding females. Swimming coaches should regularly assess shoulder strength levels in order to individually identify swimmers who may or may not be able to practice muscle strengthening after the water training.

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