Growth performance of Santalum album its income potentiality: A study from Pyuthan District, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 026-034
Author(s):  
Nisha Poudel ◽  
Ram Asheshwar Mandal ◽  
Ajay B. Mathema ◽  
Kailash Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Santalum Album ◽  
Annual Income ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The Santalum album is becoming a popular income generating tree species in Nepal but its growth performance has not been assessed so far yet. Thus, this study was objectively conducted to assess mean annual increment, income from Santalum album and value chain analysis. The Private plantation of Pyuthan district was selected for the study site. The diameter and height of 450 plants were measured and their age was recorded. Total fifteen key informant interviews, forty five farmers’ interviews and one focused group discussion were conducted to collect primary data. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics .Mean annual increment, price of Santalum album and contribution of Santalum album in total income were analyzed. The result showed that the highest mean annual diameter increment was 51.94 cm and lowest mean annual increment was 28.25cm, the highest mean height increment was 6.39 m and the lowest mean annual height increment was4.47m and the highest mean volume increment was 0.678 m3but the lowest mean annual volume increment was 0.134 m3. The estimated maximum range of annual income from Santalum album was US$ 221-530 which was 10-15% contribution in farmers annual income while minimum range of this was US$ 194-265 and it contributes<10%.The difference of the price of Santalum album between the farmers and users in Kathmandu was2200 times more.

scholarly journals Dendrochronological study of Cedrus deodar Grown at Kumrat valley Dir Upper KPK, Pakistan: Evaluation of Tree Age and Increment Based on Increment Core

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-208
Author(s):  
Sajad Sajad ◽  
Jawad Jawad ◽  
Ikram Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Tree Rings ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Basal Area Increment ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Increment Core ◽  
Sample Tree ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

The present research was conducted for tree-rings study in a mixed stand of Himalayan Species Credur deodar in Kumrat valley Dir Upper KPK, Pakistan. Tree-rings analysis was related to the counting of tree ring. Random sampling method was used, and 70 sample trees were selected, tree heights and diameters were measured, and increment cores were collected from each sample-tree diameter at the height at breast point to be analyzed and studied in the laboratory. The objectives of the study were to determine the exact age of tree and to evaluate total and mean annual increment in the basal area and tree volume based on the increment cores. Regression models revealed the impacts of tree age on the basal area and tree-volume increment. Results showed the minimum basal-area increment was 0.0028 m2 at the age of 10 years, the maximum basal-area increment was 2.658 m2 at the age of 60 years, with mean was 0.95±0.677 m2 at the age of 36 years and R2 was 0.9593. The maximum tree-volume increment was 1.42 m3 at the age of 60 years, the minimum tree-volume increment was 0.010 m3 at the age of 10 years, with mean was 1.35±0.96 m3 at the age of 36 years and R2 was 0.9167. The minimum mean annual-basal area increment was 0.0027 m2, the maximum mean annual-basal area increment was 0.048 m2, and the average increment was 0.022±0.010 m2. The maximum mean-annual increment in tree volume was 0.068 m3 at the age of 60 years, the minimum mean-annual increment was 0.0039 m3 at the age of 10 years, with mean was 0.032±0.014 m3 at the age of 36 years and R2 was 0.8903. Results showed a strong positive relationship of tree age with area and volume increment. Keywords: Basal area, increment, tree age, volume

Fifteen Years of Cottonwood Plantation Growth and Yield

1980 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 180-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Krinard ◽  
R. L. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Populus Deltoides ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract At age 15, unthinned cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) planted at four spacings ranged from 7.5 to 12.1 inches average d.b.h. Initial spacings were 4' x 9', 8' x 9', 12' x 12', and 16' x 18' on Commerce-Convent soils. Mean annual cubic-foot volume increment by spacings in trees ≥5.0 inches d.b.h. peaked from year 9 to 13 and ranged from 277 to 313 cubic feet per acre per year. Yields from three thinning treatments did not exceed unthinned mean annual increments for a given spacing. Board-foot mean annual increment in trees ≥12.0 inches d.b.h. to a 10-inch top ranged from 60 to 370 board feet per acre for unthinned plots and from 100 to 420 board feet per acre for thinned plots when averaged over spacings.

scholarly journals Growth assessment of upper hill dipterocarp (Shorea platyclados) at the various slope in a rehabilitated landscape

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012027
Author(s):  
F Reksawinata ◽  
P Pamoengkas ◽  
H H Rachmat
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Shorea Platyclados ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract Rehabilitation aims to improve landscape function while increasing its resilience to climate change. Gunung Dahu research forest is a rehabilitated hilly landscape that is planted with more than 25 dipterocarp species, including an upper hill dipterocarp tree of Shorea platyclados at various site conditions. This study aimed to assess the growth performance of S. platyclados at five sloping levels class of 0-8%, 8-15%, 15-25%, 25-45%, and >45%. Observed growth attributes were stem diameter, total height, basal area, Mean Annual Increment (MAI), and Leaf Area Index (LAI), and diameter. The results showed that sloping levels significantly affect the growth performance of the planted trees. The highest slope level (>45%) supported the highest average stem diameter and tree height (41.48 cm and 20.86 m). The sloping level of >45%, 25-45%, 15-25%, 8-15%, and 0-8% yield different value of average diameter which were 41.48 cm, 35.86 cm, 36.54 cm, 34.61 cm, and 31.23, while the average height were 20, 86m, 19.78 m, 16.72 m, 18.84 m, 18.61 m respectively. Thus, the upper hill dipterocarp of S. platyclados is a prospective native tree species for rehabilitating hilly upland landscapes.

scholarly journals The growth performance of dipterocarps species and understorey diversity in the Gunung Dahu Research Forest, Leuwiliang, Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 914 (1) ◽  
pp. 012042
Author(s):  
R A Fambayun ◽  
Istomo ◽  
D E Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Habitat Suitability ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Shorea Platyclados ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

Abstract Dipterocarps species is the main species composes Gunung Dahu research forest. Habitat suitability and growth performance of a species are some factors considered in the species selection for forest establishment. The understorey in a forest community serves to protect soil from erosion. This research aimed is to analyze the growth performance of various Dipterocarpaceae species and study understorey diversity in the research area. The measurement was conducted in four species trial plots contain ten Dipterocarps species consist of five individuals per species per plot or 200 individuals in total. The growth performance of Dipterocarp species was analyzed using the current annual increment (CAI) and mean annual increment (MAI) methods. The understorey diversity was analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener Index. The result showed that Shorea johorensis obtained the highest CAI, 0.95 cm year−1, and Shorea platyclados got the highest MAI, 1.78 cm/year. S. platyclados and S. leprosula were projected to reach <40 cm in diameter after they got 25 years. The Gunung Dahu research forest’s understorey was classified as moderate (1.68 - 2.33). The dominant understorey species, namely Oldenlandia auricularia, Neprolephis biserrate, Ottochloa nodosa, and Gleichenia linearis. This study concluded that the growth performance of Dipterocarps species in the study area varied, and the understorey condition was classified as moderate, where its diversity has a positive correlation with the crown openness.

scholarly journals Effects of Soil Compaction and Relative Light Intensity on Survival and Growth Performance of Planted Shorea macrophylla (de Vriese) in Riparian Forest along Kayan Ulu River, Sarawak, Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Aina Nadia Najwa Mohamad Jaffar ◽  
Mohd Effendi Wasli ◽  
Mugunthan Perumal ◽  
Jonathan Lat ◽  
Hamsawi Sani
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Soil Compaction ◽  
Riparian Forest ◽  
Average Height ◽  
Annual Increment ◽  
Compacted Soils ◽  
Relative Light Intensity ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Mean Annual Increment

A study was conducted in riparian forest along Kayan Ulu River, Sarawak, Malaysia, to investigate the effects of soil compaction and relative light intensity (RLI) on survival and growth performance of planted Shorea macrophylla. The study sites were stands reforested in different years (1996: SPD96; 1997: SPD97; 1998: SPD98; 1999: SPD99). The survival, growth performance, soil compaction, and RLI were measured. SPD96 trees had the highest survival (84%) and showed the most favourable growth. Average height, mean annual increment in height, and RLI were highest in SPD97 while mean annual increment in volume was highest in SPD98. Soil compaction in SPD98 and SPD99 was higher as compared to SPD96 and SPD97. This was due to the compacted soils caused by anthropogenic activities and natural causes (wet soils) in riparian forest along Kayan Ulu River at shallow depth. High survival and favourable growth performance of S. macrophylla were influenced by the edaphic factor with special reference to less compacted soils and high RLI. Stepwise multiple regression demonstrated significant effects of soil penetration resistance at the depth of 0-30 cm and RLI on mean annual increment in diameter. Further ecological studies on other environmental factors should be implemented to draw up a Dipterocarp planting scheme for the future restoration of riparian ecosystem.

scholarly journals ANALISIS RANTAI NILAI KOMODITI KELAPA (Cocos nucifera L.) DI DISTRIK MISOOL UTARA KABUPATEN RAJA AMPAT

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Ery Atmojo ◽  
Rajab Rajab
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Cocos Nucifera ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Interview Method ◽  
Strategic Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cocos Nucifera L ◽  
Coconut Product

Besides using area approach, pre-eminent product development such as coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) commodities in North Misool also need apply value chain approach. The aim of this research were to know both  value chain and the strategic value of coconut product as main agriculture commodity in North Misool. Primary data collecting technique  was conducted by means of structural semi interview method for man to man of respondent ar by using focus group discussion. Data type collected in this study was classified to primary and secondary data. Primary data obtained by interview to all of importance respondents and field observation, while secondary data sekunder obtained from literacy study from government agency documents and reports such as BPS, Bappeda, and other relevant references. Data collection was analysed by using the qualitative method. The result of research showed that the rate of the coconut plantation harvest in North Misool was 1,646 hectare, with coconut production reach up to 805.94 tones per year and the mean of its contribution for earnings of farmers  was equal to 4.97 million rupiah per month. The value chain of coconut product was started by production, processing and copra gathering gone the round of altogether sold to interisland merchant then selling copra to Bitung. The program to increase both productivity and agribisnis of coconut was estimated can increased coconut product up to 10% per year.

Effects of mechanical stimulus, shade, and nitrogen fertilization on morphology and bending resistance in Douglas-fir seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (9) ◽  
pp. 1602-1609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Mechanical Stimulus ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Height Increment ◽  
Stem Form ◽  
Diameter Increment ◽  
Reduced Height ◽  
Bending Resistance ◽  
Volume Increment ◽  
Bending Stresses

Three-year-old coastal Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) seedlings were planted in a factorial experiment with three levels of shading (0, 30, and 60%), three levels of mechanical stimulus (staked, freestanding, and bent), and two levels of nitrogen fertilization (0 and 200 kg/ha) to investigate the separate and combined effects of these factors on morphology and bending resistance. Fertilization increased branch angle and increased the sensitivity of branch and leader extension to bending stresses but did not affect volume increment, stem form, or bending resistance. The effects of shading and mechanical treatments on morphology were independent and additive. Shading reduced stem diameter and volume increment, but did not affect height increment, producing more slender trees. Bending produced less slender trees through a combination of reduced height increment and increased diameter increment. Staking did not affect tree morphology. Trees under heavy shade were responsive to bending but were more slender and had lower bending resistance than unshaded trees with the same mechanical stimulus. These results point towards the biological basis for the development of tree instability in high density stands.

scholarly journals Marketing of orange: a value chain perspective in the selected areas of Sylhet District in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-338
Author(s):  
M Begum ◽  
MR Ahmed ◽  
T Noor ◽  
MI Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Value Chain ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Cash Income ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Interview Technique ◽  
A Value ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Orange is one of the most import fruit crops that generate additional cash income for market actors. The study was investigated the marketing system of orange , value addition, roles and functions of value chain actors with the help of primary data collected from both farmers (forty) through simple random sampling and value chain actors (thirty) through purposive sampling by using structured questionnaire and face to face interview technique. The gross return and net return of farmers were estimated Tk. 2, 70,000 and Tk. 22084.77 per hectare respectively. Per quintal value addition of orange of bepari, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer were estimated at Tk. 800, Tk. 340, Tk. 700 and Tk. 1000 respectively. The net marketing margin per quintal of orange of bepari, aratdar, wholesaler and retailer were estimated at Tk. 293.59, Tk. 107.32, Tk. 356.46 and Tk. 700.8 respectively. Among the different actors, retailer incurred highest (in percentage) value addition and net marketing margin. On the other hand, aratdar incurred lowest marketing cost and marketing margin and bepari incurred highest (in percentage) marketing cost but adding second highest value in compare to another.Progressive Agriculture 27 (3): 327-338, 2016

scholarly journals Environmental Movement and the Conservation of Forest: A Case Study on Ratargul Swamp Forest of Sylhet, Bangladesh

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Kazi Moriom Jahan ◽  
Afm Zakaria
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Environmental Movement ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Environmental Groups ◽  
Forest Department ◽  
Swamp Forest ◽  
Level Of Involvement ◽  
The Impact

Aims: The aim of this paper is to explore and analyze the scope and nature of the environmental movement that may shape the existing management. Study Design: This paper is a qualitative study and based on empirical research. It focuses on the impact of environmental movements around Ratargul Swamp Forest Place and Duration of Study: This research was done around the Ratargul Swamp Forest located in on Sylhet district of Bangladesh. The study period was from January 2016 to November 2017. Methodology: For the primary data collection, 47 respondents were selected by using purposive sampling on the basis of their level of involvement. Data was collected from local people, environmental groups and the forest department. Data collection methods were key informant interview, in-depth interview, case study, focus group discussion and archival research. Results: People of Ratargul village are now more aware of the harmful activities of uncontrolled tourism while the Forest Department brings new management policies and practices in response to the local and civil pressure. It is also found that the Climate Resilient Ecosystem Livelihoods (CREL) project in Bangladesh actually works to negate the strength of the environmental movement rather than as a conservation proponent. The Forest Department is successful to implement their projects due to a lack of coordination between local activists. According to the respondents, 31.1% mark this movement as successful, 23.4% opine as completely failure and while remaining 44.4% thinks that it is partially successful. Conclusion: A strong, integrated, coordinated and organized form of resistance or movement is needed to break up the hegemony of Forest Department that may save the Ratargul Swamp Forest from ongoing damage.

scholarly journals Adaptasi Ruang Berdasarkan Perilaku Penghuni Sub Komunal Rumah Instan Sederhana Sehat (RISHA), Semanggi, Surakarta

Arsitektura ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 317
Author(s):  
Fauzan Ali Ikhsan ◽  
Anita Dianingrum ◽  
Kusumaningdyah Nurul Handayani ◽  
Pratiwi Anjar Sari ◽  
Mohamad Muqoffa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Pilot Project ◽  
City Government ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Construction Time ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Using Data

<p class="Keywords">Sub Communal RISHA is a pilot project from the central government in collaboration with the Surakarta City Government as a solution for structuring slum settlements in Surakarta. The RISHA method facilitates the construction and installation process due to the use of a modular precast system which is also more flexible and efficient both in terms of construction time and the use of construction materials. The purpose of this research is to identify the space adaptation of Sub Communal RISHA based on the behavior of residents. This research was conducted with a qualitative descriptive method. The research location is in the area of RW 06 Rusunawa Semanggi Surakarta and the time of data collection was carried out in the period May-August 2021. Primary data was taken with several techniques, observation and Forum Group Discussion (FGD) method. The analysis was carried out using data triangulation techniques. The use of this analysis technique aims to combine all data to produce accurate and comprehensive conclusions. The results showed that there are two adaptations carried out by the residents of Sub Communal RISHA, namely adaptation by adjustment and adaptation by reactions.</p>

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