Incidence of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Associated Risk Factors

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of different risk profiles and associated clinical parameters in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Gambat Institute Of Medical Sciences,Gambat District, Khairpur, between March 2019 to January 2020. A total of 345 patients participated in the study. Demographics, clinical features, investigations, and causative agents of NAFLD were noted in a document. Patients with raised ALT, fatty liver on imaging, aged between 18-75 years were a part of the study. Exclusion criteria included patients with overconsumption of alcohol, positive HBsAg, positive anti-HCV, and other underlying liver diseases with known origin. Patients’ blood samples were also tested for fasting blood sugar, random blood sugar, fasting cholesterol and fasting triglyceride levels.Levels of glucose, triglycerides and cholesterol were measured with an autoanalyzer; Photometer 4010; Beohrnger Mannheim; using the enzymatic-calorimetric methods. All data was analyzed using SPSS version 24. Results: The mean age of the patient was 48.4 ± 12.2 years and a mean body mass index of 30.2 The mean cholesterol was 199.4 ± 54.3 mg/dl. The majority i.e. > 60 percent were women with only 128 (37.1%) males (Table 1). The body mass index (BMI) was significantly higher in female patients as compared to males (p<0.001). The males had a significantly greater frequency of traits for metabolic syndrome as compared to women i.e. 111 (86.7%) vs. 145 (66.8%) (p=0.02). Obesity in patients was also significantly associated with female gender. We found a significant relationship of hypercholesterolemia in patients with DMT2 (p=0.04). Similarly, the majority of the patients i.e. 55 (47%) with DMT2 also had hypertriglyceridemia (p=0.002). Conclusion: The present study indicated that female gender, obesity, and diabetes mellitus were significantly associated with NAFLD. NAFLD places a significant burden on the healthcare system and is associated with poor quality of life of patients. Metabolic syndrome is another leading association that needs to be explored in further detail. Recognition of high-risk profile patients can help establish early diagnosis and hence treatment plans can be implemented at an early stage of disease. Keywords: fatty liver, chronic liver disease, non-alcoholic liver disease, NAFLD, obesity, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia

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Association of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease With Components of Metabolic Syndrome According to Body Mass Index in Korean Adults

The American Journal of Gastroenterology ◽

10.1038/ajg.2012.314 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 107 (12) ◽

pp. 1852-1858 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Young-Min Kwon ◽

Seung-Won Oh ◽

Seung-sik Hwang ◽

CheolMin Lee ◽

Hyuktae Kwon ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Korean Adults

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Magnitude of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and concomitant risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

International Journal of Advances in Medicine ◽

10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20173229 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (4) ◽

pp. 1046

Author(s):

Mayank Gupta ◽

Mahavar S. ◽

Chaturvedi A. ◽

Chandra R. ◽

Chauhan G. ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a distinct hepatic condition that is strongly associated with insulin resistance and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). This study was designed to assess the magnitude of NAFLD and its concomitant risk factors among patients with T2DM.Methods: In a hospital based observational descriptive study, 150 patients with T2DM were submitted to a complete clinical and laboratory evaluation; abdominal ultrasonography for NAFLD detection and grading. Patients with known chronic liver disease and history of alcohol intake were excluded. They were divided into fatty and non-fatty liver group: evaluated, compared and statistical analysis done.Results: Out of 150 patients with T2DM, 104 (69.33%) had fatty liver on USG. 42.67% had grade 1, 24% had grade 2, and the remaining 2.67% had grade 3 fatty changes in liver. The severity of NAFLD increased with increasing age (r-value = +0.554, p<0.001). Statistically significant difference in Body Mass Index (29.64±4.36 v/s 25.94±3.25 kg/m2, p<0.001) and triglycerides (175.47±24.82 v/s 128.53±26.66 mg/dl, p<0.001) was observed in the fatty liver group as compared to non-fatty liver group.Conclusions: The magnitude of NAFLD is higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Older age group, Body Mass Index (BMI) and triglyceride (TG) had significant relationship with the presence of fatty liver. Ultrasonographic evidence of fatty liver with older age, elevation of triglyceride level and increasing BMI should be taken seriously as a predictor of severity of NAFLD.

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and the risk of atrial fibrillation stratified by body mass index: a nationwide population-based study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83367-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

So-Ryoung Lee ◽

Kyung-Do Han ◽

Eue-Keun Choi ◽

Seil Oh ◽

Gregory Y. H. Lip

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Increased Risk ◽

The Impact

AbstractWe evaluated the association between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and incident atrial fibrillation (AF) and analyzed the impact of NAFLD on AF risk in relation to body mass index (BMI). A total of 8,048,055 subjects without significant liver disease who were available fatty liver index (FLI) values were included. Subjects were categorized into 3 groups based on FLI: < 30, 30 to < 60, and ≥ 60. During a median 8-year of follow-up, 534,442 subjects were newly diagnosed as AF (8.27 per 1000 person-years). Higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF (hazard ratio [HR] 1.053, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.046–1.060 in 30 ≤ FLI < 60, and HR 1.115, 95% CI 1.106–1.125 in FLI ≥ 60). In underweight subjects (BMI < 18.5 kg/m2), higher FLI raised the risk of AF (by 1.6-fold in 30 ≤ FLI < 60 and by twofold in FLI ≥ 60). In normal- and overweight subjects, higher FLI was associated with an increased risk of AF, but the HRs were attenuated. In obese subjects, higher FLI was not associated with higher risk of AF. NAFLD as assessed by FLI was independently associated with an increased risk of AF in nonobese subjects with BMI < 25 kg/m2. The impact of NAFLD on AF risk was accentuated in lean subjects with underweight.

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Clinical characteristics and longitudinal changes of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in 2 decades: the NAGALA study

BMC Gastroenterology ◽

10.1186/s12876-021-01809-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Takuro Okamura ◽

Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽

Masahide Hamaguchi ◽

Akihiro Obora ◽

Takao Kojima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Abdominal Ultrasonography ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

The Past ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Background In this study, to clarify the evolving background of people with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we compared the current prevalence of NAFLD with that of 2 decades ago. Methods We included two cohorts. The past cohort was from 1994 to 1997 and included 4279 men and 2502 women. The current cohort was from 2014 to 2017 and included 8918 men and 7361 women. NAFLD was diagnosed by abdominal ultrasonography. Results The prevalence of NAFLD increased in both genders throughout these 2 decades (18.5% in the past cohort and 27.1% in the current cohort for men; and 8.0% in the past cohort and 9.4% in the current cohort for women). The prevalence of hyperglycemia increased, whereas the prevalence of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and hypertriglyceridemia significantly decreased. There was no significant difference in the mean body mass index. Multivariate analysis revealed that the prevalence of obesity and body mass index were significantly associated with the prevalence of NAFLD in both the past and current cohorts. Conclusions The incidence of NAFLD significantly increased throughout these 2 decades, and obesity is the most prevalent factor. Thus, body weight management is an essential treatment option for NAFLD.

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Abstract 05: Association of 25-Year Body Mass Index Trajectories Throughout Early Adulthood With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Middle Age: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.135.suppl_1.05 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Lisa B VanWagner ◽

Sadiya Khan ◽

Hongyan NIng ◽

Juned Siddique ◽

Cora E Lewis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Liver Disease ◽

Fatty Liver ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Body Mass ◽

Fatty Liver Disease ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Liver Fat ◽

Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽

Bmi Trajectory

Background: Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) has increased in parallel with obesity, is a risk factor for cirrhosis and liver cancer, and has few effective treatments. Identifying modifiable risk factors for NAFLD development is essential to effectively design prevention programs. We tested whether trajectories of body mass index (BMI) change throughout early adulthood were associated with risk of prevalent NAFLD in midlife independent of current BMI. Methods: Participants from the CARDIA study, a prospective multicenter population-based biracial cohort of adults (baseline age 18-30 years), underwent BMI measurement at exam years 0, 2, 5, 7, 10, 15, 20, and 25. At Year 25 (Y25, 2010-2011), liver fat was assessed by computed tomography. NAFLD was identified after exclusion of other causes of liver fat (alcohol/hepatitis). Latent mixture modeling was used to identify 25-year trajectories in BMI percent (%) change relative to baseline BMI over time. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess associations between BMI trajectory group and prevalent NAFLD with adjustment for baseline or current Y25 BMI. Results: Among 4,423 participants, we identified 4 distinct trajectories of BMI %change: stable BMI (26.2% of the cohort, 25-year mean BMI Δ=0.7 kg/m 2 ), mild increase (46.0%, BMI Δ=5.2 kg/m 2 ), moderate increase (20.9%, BMI Δ=10.0 kg/m 2 ), and extreme increase (6.9%, BMI Δ=15.1 kg/m 2 ) (Figure). NAFLD prevalence at Y25 was higher with increasing BMI trajectory: 4.1%, 9.3%, 13.0%, and 17.6% (p-trend <0.0001). At baseline, 34.6% of participants had overweight or obesity. After adjustment for confounders, trajectories of greater BMI increase were associated with greater NAFLD prevalence independent of baseline or current Y25 BMI (Figure). Conclusion: Weight gain throughout adulthood is associated with greater prevalence of NAFLD in midlife independent of baseline or current BMI. These findings highlight weight maintenance throughout adulthood as a potential target for primary prevention of NAFLD.

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