Hepatoprotective Role of Virgin Coconut Oil and Neem Extract in Acetaminophen Induced Liver Toxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 3209-3210
Author(s):  
Aftab Abbasi ◽  
Hina Mawani ◽  
Ghulam Nabi Pathan ◽  
Aftab shaikh ◽  
Abdul Samad Sodhar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Virgin Coconut Oil ◽  
Neem Extract ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Aim: To study the comparative hepatoprotective effect of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) leaf extract in acetaminophen (Paracetamol) induced liver toxicity. Methods: About 60 mixed population of rats (male/female) of Wistar and Sprague-Dawley species were randomly selected for the proposed study and are segregated into four equal groups. Every group contains 15 animal subjects. Group A was the control group given normal diet. In Group B, the rats were treated with a single dose of 2gm / kg body weight paracetamol, orally. Simultaneously, Group C were given an oral Neem extract of 500mg/kg body weight for 2 weeks days in combination with single dose of Paracetamol, while Group D were provided with 6.7ml/Kg/body weight Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) for 15 days. Data was analyzed using SPSS Version 20.0 with level of significance being kept at p-value ≤0.05. Results: The mean values of ALT were 23.1, 100.5, 29.85, and 31.09 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. While, the mean values of AST were 25.6 U/L (Group A), 41 U/L (Group B), 19.3 U/L (Group C), and 15.2 U/L (Group D). The ALP showed maximum response indicated by the mean values of 221 U/L, 444 U/L, 241 U/L, and 243 U/L in Group A, B, C, and D respectively. Group B suggested the paracetamol induced liver toxicity indicated by the increase in hepatic DMEs right after the acetaminophen induction. Conclusion: Azadirachta Indica and Virgin Coconut Oil displayed hepatoprotective effects on the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley rats that were subjected to Paracetamol. Keywords: hepatic, Drug Metabolizing enzymes, Acetaminophen, Virgin coconut oil, Neem extract, Paracetamol, Wistar

Comparative Study of effectiveness of mobilization with movement (MWM) and End range mobilization (ERM) techniques in frozen shoulder

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-522
Author(s):  
Jeyakumar S ◽  
Jagatheesan Alagesan ◽  
T.S. Muthukumar
Keyword(s):  
Range Of Motion ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Functional Activities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Frozen shoulder is disorder of the connective tissue that limits the normal Range of motion of the shoulder in diabetes, frozen shoulder is thought to be caused by changes to the collagen in the shoulder joint as a result of long term Hypoglycemia. Mobilization is a therapeutic movement of the joint. The goal is to restore normal joint motion and rhythm. The use of mobilization with movement for peripheral joints was developed by mulligan. This technique combines a sustained application of manual technique “gliding” force to the joint with concurrent physiologic motion of joint, either actively or passively. This study aims to find out the effects of mobilization with movement and end range mobilization in frozen shoulder in Type I diabetics. Materials and Methods: 30 subjects both male and female, suffering with shoulder pain and clinically diagnosed with frozen shoulder was recruited for the study and divided into two groups with 15 patients each based on convenient sampling method. Group A patients received mobilization with movement and Group B patients received end range mobilization for three weeks. The outcome measurements were SPADI, Functional hand to back scale, abduction range of motion using goniometer and VAS. Results: The mean values of all parameters showed significant differences in group A as compared to group B in terms of decreased pain, increased abduction range and other outcome measures. Conclusion: Based on the results it has been concluded that treating the type 1 diabetic patient with frozen shoulder, mobilization with movement exercise shows better results than end range mobilization in reducing pain and increase functional activities and mobility in frozen shoulder.

scholarly journals The effect of nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan scaffolds on rat calvarial defects for bone regeneration

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Chatzipetros ◽  
Spyros Damaskos ◽  
Konstantinos I. Tosios ◽  
Panos Christopoulos ◽  
Catherine Donta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Regeneration ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background This study aims at determining the biological effect of 75/25 w/w nano-hydroxyapatite/chitosan (nHAp/CS) scaffolds on bone regeneration, in terms of fraction of bone regeneration (FBR), total number of osteocytes (Ost), and osteocyte cell density (CD), as well as its biodegradability. Methods Two critical-size defects (CSDs) were bilaterally trephined in the parietal bone of 36 adult Sprague-Dawley rats (18 males and 18 females); the left remained empty (group A), while the right CSD was filled with nHAp/CS scaffold (group B). Two female rats died postoperatively. Twelve, 11, and 11 rats were euthanized at 2, 4, and 8 weeks post-surgery, respectively. Subsequently, 34 specimens were resected containing both CSDs. Histological and histomorphometric analyses were performed to determine the FBR, calculated as [the sum of areas of newly formed bone in lateral and central regions of interest (ROIs)]/area of the original defect, as well as the Ost and the CD (Ost/mm2) in each ROI of both groups (A and B). Moreover, biodegradability of the nHAp/CS scaffolds was estimated via the surface area of the biomaterial (BmA) in the 2nd, 4th, and 8th week post-surgery. Results The FBR of group B increased significantly from 2nd to 8th week compared to group A (P = 0.009). Both the mean CD and the mean Ost values of group B increased compared to group A (P = 0.004 and P < 0.05 respectively). Moreover, the mean value of BmA decreased from 2nd to 8th week (P = 0.001). Conclusions Based on histological and histomorphometric results, we support that 75/25 w/w nHAp/CS scaffolds provide an effective space for new bone formation.

The Effect of Gongronema Latifolum (Utazi) on Some Haematological Parameters of Rabbit

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi
Keyword(s):  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Platelet Counts ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Differential White Blood Cell ◽  
Group D ◽  
Gongronema Latifolium

The hematological features of Gongronema latifolium, aqueous leaves extract was evaluated using standard methods. After 10 days of consecutive infusions into 9 experimental animals (rabbits). The rabbits were monitored and the following parameters determined; hemoglobin (HB), PCV, Platelet, WBC, Differential White Blood Cell. The Rabbits were grouped into 4, one consisting of control (group A), group B was fed with 0.5 mg/kg, group C with 1.0 mg/kg, and Group D with 1.5mg/kg of the aqueous extract of Gongronemalatifolium. The mean values obtained for hemoglobin estimation for the control group is 5.9 ± 4.1 g/dl, 9.1 ± 2.9 g/dl for group B 10.2 ± 1.8 g/dl for group C and 12.8 ± 0.1 g/dl for group D with no significant increase on the PCV estimation, the mean value for the control (group A) is 17.7 ± 12.3%, 27.3 ± 8.7% for group B, group C (30.6 ± 5.4%) and D (28.4 ± 0.3) show increase that statistically significant (p > 0.01). the platelet counts of group C (600 ± 0 x 109/L) and D(600 ± 0 x 109/L) show significant increase (p > 0.01) when compared with the control (600 ± 00). But the platelet value of group B (550 ± 50 x 109/L) shows no difference. No significant changes were observed in the White Blood Counts of the test groups B (3.5 ± 0.5 x 109/L), C (1.9 + 2.1 x 109/L) and D(3.6 ± 0.4) when compared with the control group (2.9 ± 1.9). The values obtained from the differential White Blood Counts (Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Eosinophils and Monocytes) were not significant. Therefore, Gongronemalatifolium, when properly taken as a nutritional diet, causes beneficial changes on hemoglobin, packed cell volumes and platelet counts of consumers.

Urinary excretion of glycated protein determined with a specific radioimmunoassay

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 504-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chizuko Ukita ◽  
Mitsushige Nishikawa ◽  
Akira Shouzu ◽  
Mitsuo Inada
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Specific Radioimmunoassay ◽  
Glycated Protein ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract We developed a simple and highly sensitive RIA for glycated protein (GP), and used it to measure GP in serum and urine from 15 normal controls and 30 diabetics (14 with urinary excretion rate of albumin, Ualb less than 15 micrograms/min, group A; nine with 15 less than or equal to Ualb less than or equal to 150 micrograms/min, group B; and seven with Ualb greater than 150 micrograms/min, group C). The mean serum concentration of GP was above normal in all groups of diabetics, and the mean glycation ratios of serum protein (SGP) were higher in groups B and C than in normal subjects. Urinary concentrations of GP also were increased in groups B and C, although the glycation ratio of urinary protein (UGP) was decreased in group C. Consequently, the selectivity of urinary excretion of GP (UGP/SGP) was significantly decreased in group C. Moreover, there was a significant difference in the mean values of selectivity between groups of patients with various degrees of retinopathy. We suggest that measurements of serum and urinary GP are useful to evaluate the progression of diabetic complications.

Chemopreventive Effect of a Novel Nutrient Mixture on Lung Tumorigenesis Induced by Urethane in Male A/J Mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 95 (4) ◽  
pp. 508-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Waheed Roomi ◽  
Nusrath W Roomi ◽  
Tatiana Kalinovsky ◽  
Matthias Rath ◽  
Aleksandra Niedzwiecki
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Lung Tumors ◽  
Mouse Lung ◽  
Lung Tumorigenesis ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Aims and background Lung cancer, a leading cause of cancer death, is associated with exposure to inhalation carcinogens, most commonly those found in tobacco smoke. We investigated the in vivo effect of dietary supplementation with a nutrient mixture containing lysine, proline, arginine, ascorbic acid, green tea extract, N-acetyl cysteine, selenium, copper and manganese on the development of urethane-induced lung tumors in male A/J mice. Methods After one week of isolation, seven-week-old male A/J mice (n = 25) weighing 17–19 g were randomly divided into three groups: group A (n = 5), group B (n = 10), and group C (n = 10). Mice in groups B and C were each given a single intraperitoneal injection of urethane (1 mg/g body weight) in saline, whereas group A mice received an injection of saline alone. Groups A and B were fed a regular diet, whereas group C was fed the same diet supplemented with 0.5% nutrient mixture. After 20 weeks, mice were sacrificed, lungs were excised and weighed, and tumors were counted and processed for histology. Results Urethane-challenged mice developed tumors. However, the mean number of tumors and the mean lung weights in the mice on the supplemented diet were significantly reduced, by 49% (P <0.0001) and 18% (P = 0.0025), respectively, compared to mice on the control diet. We observed neither significant differences in body weight gains nor in diet consumption among the mice. Pulmonary lesions were morphologically similar for both the groups (adenomas), but lesions were smaller in the test group. Conclusions The results suggest that nutrient mixture has inhibitory potential on the development of mouse lung tumors induced by urethane

scholarly journals Weight reduction improves immune system and inflammatory cytokines in obese asthmatic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-902
Author(s):  
Fadwah M Al-Sharif ◽  
Shehab M Abd El-Kader ◽  
Ziyad A Neamatallah ◽  
Afnan M AlKhateeb
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Weight Reduction ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Asthmatic Patients ◽  
Asthma Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Background: Activation of immunological and systemic inflammation markers are common in obesity and asthma. Objective: The target of this study was to assess impact of weight reduction on immunological and systemic inflammation markers in obese asthma patients. Material and methods: Eighty asthmatic patients of both sex; their age and body mass index (BMI) mean were 38.72 ± 7.14 year and 32.65 ± 3.18 Kg/m2 respectively. Exclusion criteria included smokers, infections, vaccinations, cancer, surgery, immune system disorders and medications that may influence immune system function as anti-inflammatory medications, analgesics and anti-depressant. All subjects were randomly enrolled in weight reduction group (group A) or control group (group B). Results: The main findings in the present study indicated that weight reducing program in group (A) was associated with significant reduction in the mean values of IL6, TNF-α, and IL8 in addition to significant increase in the mean values of CD4 and CD8 cell count . However, findings of group (B) showed no significant changes. Moreover, Comparison between both groups at the end of the study revealed significant differences. Conclusion: Weight reduction improved immunological and systemic inflammation markers in obese asthma patients. Keywords: Bronchial asthma; cytokines; obesity; immune system; weight reduction.

scholarly journals SUPERSTITIOUS BEHAVIOR AMONG JUDO, TAEKWONDO AND BOXING PLAYERS

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-59
Author(s):  
Dureja Gaurav ◽  
Singh Gagandeep
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
College Level ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Superstitious Behavior ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Affiliated Colleges

Purpose: The present study was designed to measure superstitious behavior among Judo, Taekwondo and Boxing players. Material: Thirty (N=30) male inter-college level players with the age group of 19-25 years were selected through purposive sampling technique to act as subjects from affiliated colleges of Panjab University, Chandigarh. They were further divided into three groups: Group-A [Judo (n=10)], Group-B [Taekwondo (n=10)] and Group-C [Boxing (n=10)]. One Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was applied to find out the differences among judo, taekwondo and boxing players. Where F values found significant, Least Significant Differences (LSD) Post-hoc test was applied to find out the direction and degree of difference. Results: The level of significance was set at 0.05. The result revealed significant differences among judo, taekwondo and boxing players on the sub parameters: clothing and appearance, preparation, team ritual and coach. However, no significant differences have been observed on the sub-parameters fetish, game/competition, prayer and parameter superstitious (Total). Conclusions: The obtained results showed significant differences on the sub-parameter Coach among Judo, Taekwondo and Boxing players. While calculating the mean values of entire groups, it has been observed that Boxing players demonstrate significantly better on the sub-parameter Coach. Therefore, it can be ascertained that Boxing players are more confident that coach bring a lucky charm to our game.

scholarly journals Histological and biochemical effects of Cinnamomum cassia nanoparticles in kidneys of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Koffi Kouame ◽  
Aniekan Imo Peter ◽  
Edidiong Nnamso Akang ◽  
Roshila Moodley ◽  
Edwin Coleridge Naidu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Saline Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Cinnamomum Cassia ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

This study investigated the antidiabetic activity of Cinnamomum cassia (C. cassia, Cc) silver nanoparticles (CcAgNPS) and effects of C. cassia on the kidneys of rats with induced type 2 diabetes. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats weighing 250 ± 20 g were induced with diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 60 mg/kg). Animals were randomly assigned to one of four groups (n = 6) and treated for eight weeks with normal saline (control, group A), 5 mg/kg of CcAgNPs (group B), 10 mg/kg of CcAgNPs (group C), or 200 mg/kg of Cc (group D). Body weight and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured weekly and fortnightly, respectively. At the end of experiments, animals were euthanized, blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for biochemistry (oxidative stress markers and renal function parameters) and kidneys were harvested for histology (PAS and HE staining). Body weight was significantly higher in group B and C vs. control (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in the kidney-to-body weight ratio between groups. FBG, glutathione, malondialdehyde, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum urea and creatinine were significantly lower in group B, C and/or D vs. control (all p < 0.05). In group A, severe distortion of the glomerular network was observed, marked by the loss of capsular integrity, thickened basement membrane, tubular cells with pyknotic nuclei, vacuolization, and interstitial space with infiltrations. These adverse effects were mitigated by 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg of CcAgNPs. Our study confirms structural and functional damage to kidneys caused by diabetes. CcAgNPs have a regenerative potential in diabetes-induced kidney damage and may be used as an antidiabetic agent.

scholarly journals XYLAZINE-KETAMINE ANAESTHESIA; COMPARATIVE STUDIES IN MALE AND FEMALE CANE RATS (THRYONOMYS SWINDERIANUS)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Olatunji-akioye A ◽  
Ojiaka H N ◽  
Samuel E. S
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Atropine Sulphate ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Ketamine Anaesthesia ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

<p><strong>Objective: </strong>Domestication of the Cane rats is on-going globally and might replace the conventional rodents used in biomedical research in future. However, the paucity of information on adequate anaesthesia vis-a-vis xylazine-ketamine drug combination in the male and female Cane rats warranted this study.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Six adult Cane rats {1.8±0.7 kg body weights (bwt.)} assigned into group A (Female) and group B (Male) of three rats each was used for the study. Each animal was premedicated with atropine sulphate (0.05 mg/kg bwt), and later administered xylazine (10 mg/kg bwt) and ketamine (100 mg/kg bwt) intramuscularly. Meanwhile, anaesthetic characteristics and physiologic indices of anaesthesia were monitored.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Results obtained showed that the physiologic indices; open eyelids, smooth induction and recovery, skeletal muscle relaxation and somatic analgesia were observed in all the animals, however, the anaesthetic indices; time to induction, time to standing, duration of analgesia and duration of recumbency showed marked sex variations. The mean values for the duration of analgesia and recumbency were significantly elevated (P&lt;0.05) in group B as compared with group A. Similar trend was seen for time to standing, but, it was non-significant (P&gt;005). However, time to induction mean value for group A was non-significantly increased (P&gt;005) when compared with group B. The heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature mean values decreased in both groups non-significantly (P&gt;0.05).<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Conclusively, the xylazine-ketamine combination produced anaesthesia in Cane rat and the combination is more tolerated in the male Cane rats than the female Cane rats.</p>

scholarly journals Single dose of testosterone in children with hypospadias: any effect on the diameter of the glans penis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Emeka Chukwubuike
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Single Dose ◽  
Glans Penis ◽  
Prospective Evaluation ◽  
Weight Group ◽  
Mean Diameter ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a single dose of testosterone on the diameter of the glans penis. Methods This was a prospective evaluation of the effect of a single dose of testosterone on the diameter of the glans penis of children with hypospadias. The diameter of the glans penis was measured transversely at the level of the coronal sulcus using Vernier calipers. The patients were categorized into two groups: Group A and Group B. Group A received intramuscular testosterone at the dose of 2 mg per kilogram body weight. Group B did not receive any testosterone and served as control. The diameter of the glans penis was evaluated at the beginning of the study and at 4 weeks after the testosterone injection. Results Overall, 64 patients were evaluated. There were 32 patients in group A (50%) and 32 patients in group B (50%). The mean diameter in group A before and after testosterone injection was 17.6 mm ± 2.5 SD and 17.8 ± 2.3 SD, respectively. The mean diameter in group B at onset and after 4 weeks was 17.6 mm ± 2.4 SD and 17.7 ± 2.4 SD, respectively. p = 0.12 which is statistically insignificant. Conclusion Single dose of testosterone in children with hypospadias does not produce significant increase in the diameter of the glans penis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document