The Quiet Eye durations of air pistol shooting athletes

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 2246-2252
Author(s):  
Tonguç Vardar ◽  
Fatih Senduran
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Biometric Analysis ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Preparation Period ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Tracking Device

Background: The Focusing the attention during the preparation period undergone immediately before carrying out a motor performance is vitally important for success. Visual ability, Quiet Eye and focusing the attention on the appropriate area play a critical role in achieving successful performance in branches of sport. Quiet eye (QE) is defined as the final fixation of the pupil on a location or object for a specific motor task. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the durations of effective and final focusing (quiet eye) carried out during the process of taking aim at the target by air pistol shooting athletes with their eyes immediately before taking a shot. Methods: A total of 8 right-handed male licensed pistol shooting athletes (4 novice and 4 elite) participated in the research. A total of 320 shots -160 dry (unscored) and 160 live (scored) shots were taken by the novice and elite athletes. For the purpose of recording pupil movements and quiet eye durations during the shots taken by the athletes, an eye-tracking device attached to the head was used. The recorded data were examined with iMotions computer software, which can perform biometric analysis. The athletes’ quiet eye durations occurring when taking aim at the target were examined according to athletes’ characteristics (novice and elite) and the type of shot carried out (scored and unscored) by means of the independent samples t-test. Results: The findings of the study revealed that the athletes had 25.3% longer quiet eye durations when firing scored shots than when firing unscored shots (p = .000). Especially, novice athletes exhibited 37.8% longer periods of focusing behaviour when firing scored shots than when firing unscored shots (p = .000). Elite athletes displayed 21.26% longer periods of focusing behaviour when firing unscored shots compared with novice athletes (p = .005). Conclusion: According to the results of the research, it can be said that in the sport of air pistol shooting, giving priority to dry shooting training and conducting special exercises for developing quiet eye (QE) duration can contribute positively to the development of novice athletes’ shooting skills. Keywords: Quiet eye, eye tracking, air pistol, shooting, motor skill, cognitive processes

scholarly journals THE QUIET EYE- ITS ROLE IN SQUASH

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (09) ◽  
pp. 879-882
Author(s):  
Krishnav Kishorepuria
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Fixation Location ◽  
Quiet Eye ◽  
Tracking Device

Three areas about the role of vision in hitting a squash ball were investigated- the fixation timings (early or late), the fixation location (ball centre, not the centre of the ball) and the area the ball landed.Intermediate and semi professional squash athletes were asked to wear an eye tracking device and hit a straight drive on either side as close to the sidewall as they could, while someone was repeatedly feeding them the ball. Three succeeding Quiet Eye periods were observed- racket preparation (when the athlete moved his racket in preparation of the shot), racket extension (when the athlete swung his racket to hit the ball) and ball hit (once the athlete hit the shot till it touched the wall).

scholarly journals A Fast and Effective System for Analysis of Optokinetic Waveforms with a Low-Cost Eye Tracking Device

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Chong-Bin Tsai ◽  
Wei-Yu Hung ◽  
Wei-Yen Hsu
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Saccadic Eye Movements ◽  
Slow Phase ◽  
Eye Tracker ◽  
Effective System ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Traditional Approaches

Optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) is an involuntary eye movement induced by motion of a large proportion of the visual field. It consists of a “slow phase (SP)” with eye movements in the same direction as the movement of the pattern and a “fast phase (FP)” with saccadic eye movements in the opposite direction. Study of OKN can reveal valuable information in ophthalmology, neurology and psychology. However, the current commercially available high-resolution and research-grade eye tracker is usually expensive. Methods & Results: We developed a novel fast and effective system combined with a low-cost eye tracking device to accurately quantitatively measure OKN eye movement. Conclusions: The experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves fast and promising results in comparisons with several traditional approaches.

scholarly journals The Recreational Trail of the El Caminito del Rey Natural Tourist Attraction, Spain: Determination of Hikers’ Flow

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1809
Author(s):  
Gemma María Gea-García ◽  
Carmelo Fernández-Vicente ◽  
Francisco J. Barón-López ◽  
Jesús Miranda-Páez
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Circulation Pattern ◽  
Travel Speed ◽  
Outdoor Activity ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Exponential Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Tracking Devices

Hiking is a very popular outdoor activity, and has led to an exponential increase in the number of visitors to natural spaces. The objective of this study was to analyze the circulation pattern of visitors to the Caminito del Rey trail, based on the three zones into which the trail can be divided. The sample consisted of 1582 hikers distributed into three different profiles. Of these, 126 utilized an eye-tracking device during the hike, while, for the rest (1456), only their travel speed along the trail was recorded. The use of eye tracking devices identified a greater number of interesting landscapes located in zones 1 and 3 of the trail, and it was observed that the mean travel speed was greater for zone 2 (42.31 m/min) (p < 0.01). Additionally, when the three different visitor profiles were analyzed, significant differences were found between the mean travel speeds according to sectors (p < 0.05). This information is crucial for more efficient management of the trail, as it allows for the development of measures to control and regulate the flow of visitors according to zone, and the design of additional strategies to increase the awareness of the hiker about specific areas of the hike.

Understanding Consumer Behavior Through Eye-Tracking

2020 ◽  
pp. 65-81
Author(s):  
H. Serhat Cerci ◽  
A. Selcuk Koyluoglu
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Behavior ◽  
Visual Attention ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Experimental Laboratory ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
Tracking Module ◽  
Individual Examination

The purpose of this chapter, which is designed to measure where and how the consumer focuses in an advertising brochure, which visual is more striking, and how much eye strain (twitch) it takes, is to measure the density and visual attention of the eyes through the eye-tracking device during the individual examination. For this study, an experimental laboratory for neuromarketing research was used. After watching the videos and images of the participants in the eye-tracking module, the general evaluations were taken to determine what they remembered, and a comparison opportunity was born. According to the findings, logos, and photographs are more effective than texts. Viewers read large text and skip small text. Suggestions for future research are presented in the chapter.

The Impact of Gaze Controlled Technology on Quality of Life

2012 ◽  
pp. 48-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Pasian ◽  
Fulvio Corno ◽  
Isabella Signorile ◽  
Laura Farinetti
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Progressive Disease ◽  
Gaze Control ◽  
Communication Method ◽  
Tracking Device ◽  
The Impact

This chapter presents the process of introducing an eye tracking device to impaired users. It reports results from a gaze control user trial conducted with people for whom gaze control is a necessity due to their current condition or for whom it will soon become a necessity because of a progressive disease. Special attention is paid to the impact of this new communication method on their quality of life.

scholarly journals Adverse Drug Reactions Among Patients Enrolled in an Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT) Program 2015–2016 at UNC Medical Center

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. S341-S341
Author(s):  
Vahini Chundi ◽  
Anh Eichholz ◽  
Onyeka Nwankwo ◽  
Alan Kinlaw ◽  
Wesley Kufel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy ◽  
Initial Cohort ◽  
Recorded Data ◽  
Antimicrobial Regimen

Abstract Background The UNC Medical Center OPAT program was started in 2015 to provide multidisciplinary monitoring and management of patients discharged on parenteral antimicrobials. We examined characteristics of incident adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed in our initial cohort of OPAT patients. Methods We abstracted electronic health records for the first 250 patients enrolled in the OPAT program. 223 patients with sufficient recorded data for entire OPAT course were included in the analysis. ADRs meeting criteria as detailed in Table 1 were collected and further stratified by antimicrobial regimen. Results 57 patients (26%) experienced at least one ADR during OPAT therapy. The frequency of specific ADRs associated with OPAT therapies are provided in Figure 1. Β-lactam regimens were most frequently associated with liver dysfunction, while combinations of β-lactams and vancomycin were associated with kidney dysfunction. Median days on OPAT regimen was 19 days (IQR: 10–29) for patients who experienced an ADR compared with 39 (IQR: 30–44) for patients who did not experience an ADR. Conclusion ADRs were most commonly observed within the first three weeks of therapy, particularly for patients receiving vancomycin and a β-lactam antimicrobial in combination. These results underscore the critical role of a multidisciplinary team in providing laboratory monitoring and response to abnormal results for OPAT patients. In addition, closer monitoring within the first three weeks of therapy may provide opportunities for regimen changes or dose adjustment to avoid toxicities. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Interactions between motor exploration and reinforcement learning

2019 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 797-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shintaro Uehara ◽  
Firas Mawase ◽  
Amanda S. Therrien ◽  
Kendra M. Cherry-Allen ◽  
Pablo Celnik
Keyword(s):  
Reinforcement Learning ◽  
Motor System ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Preceding Trial ◽  
Successful Outcome ◽  
Subsequent Learning ◽  
Binary Feedback ◽  
As If

Motor exploration, a trial-and-error process in search for better motor outcomes, is known to serve a critical role in motor learning. This is particularly relevant during reinforcement learning, where actions leading to a successful outcome are reinforced while unsuccessful actions are avoided. Although early on motor exploration is beneficial to finding the correct solution, maintaining high levels of exploration later in the learning process might be deleterious. Whether and how the level of exploration changes over the course of reinforcement learning, however, remains poorly understood. Here we evaluated temporal changes in motor exploration while healthy participants learned a reinforcement-based motor task. We defined exploration as the magnitude of trial-to-trial change in movements as a function of whether the preceding trial resulted in success or failure. Participants were required to find the optimal finger-pointing direction using binary feedback of success or failure. We found that the magnitude of exploration gradually increased over time when participants were learning the task. Conversely, exploration remained low in participants who were unable to correctly adjust their pointing direction. Interestingly, exploration remained elevated when participants underwent a second training session, which was associated with faster relearning. These results indicate that the motor system may flexibly upregulate the extent of exploration during reinforcement learning as if acquiring a specific strategy to facilitate subsequent learning. Also, our findings showed that exploration affects reinforcement learning and vice versa, indicating an interactive relationship between them. Reinforcement-based tasks could be used as primers to increase exploratory behavior leading to more efficient subsequent learning. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Motor exploration, the ability to search for the correct actions, is critical to learning motor skills. Despite this, whether and how the level of exploration changes over the course of training remains poorly understood. We showed that exploration increased and remained high throughout training of a reinforcement-based motor task. Interestingly, elevated exploration persisted and facilitated subsequent learning. These results suggest that the motor system upregulates exploration as if learning a strategy to facilitate subsequent learning.

Determining Gaze Behavior Patterns in On-Screen Testing

2020 ◽  
pp. 073563312097861
Author(s):  
Marko Pejić ◽  
Goran Savić ◽  
Milan Segedinac
Keyword(s):  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Behavior Pattern ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Software System ◽  
Gaze Behavior ◽  
Gaze Patterns ◽  
Presentation Methods ◽  
Tracking Device

This study proposes a software system for determining gaze patterns in on-screen testing. The system applies machine learning techniques to eye-movement data obtained from an eye-tracking device to categorize students according to their gaze behavior pattern while solving an on-screen test. These patterns are determined by converting eye movement coordinates into a sequence of regions of interest. The proposed software system extracts features from the sequence and performs clustering that groups students by their gaze pattern. To determine gaze patterns, the system contains components for communicating with an eye-tracking device, collecting and preprocessing students’ gaze data, and visualizing data using different presentation methods. This study presents a methodology to determine gaze patterns and the implementation details of the proposed software. The research was evaluated by determining the gaze patterns of 51 undergraduate students who took a general knowledge test containing 20 questions. This study aims to provide a software infrastructure that can use students’ gaze patterns as an additional indicator of their reading behaviors and their processing attention or difficulty, among other factors.

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