scholarly journals Prevalence and risk factors of Appendicitis at Surgery Department of a Tertiary Care Hospital in Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2497-2499
Author(s):  
Laraib Zafar ◽  
Kiran Maqbool ◽  
Maj Uzma Javed Gul ◽  
Ishfaq Ahmad Khan ◽  
Arshid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Surgical Department

Background: Appendicitis needs immediate surgical intervention based on indication in the pediatric age group. Among high-risk young children, the prevalence of pre-existing perforation ranges from 30% to 75%. Aim: To investigate the prevalence and risk factors for appendicitis in the inpatient surgical department. Place and Duration: Study was conducted at surgical department of Combined Military Hospital, Rawalakot for the period of six months from October 2020 to March 2021. Materials and Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted on 102 patients with acute appendicitis diagnosed and confirmed by Ultrasonography among the patients admitted to the surgical department during October 2020 to March 2021. Pretested questionnaire were used to collect and record the necessary information. Results: The sample size of 102 patients had 61 (60%) males and 41 (40%) were females. Appendicitis patients were divided into four age groups: 10-19 years 16 (15.7%), 20-29 years 19 (32.35%), 30-39 years 15 (14.7%), 40-49 years 14 (13.7%), and 50-59 years 7 (.6.8 %). The male-to-female ratio was 3:2. (60 %, 40 %). The most common complaints are abdominal pain (100%), vomiting (55.12%), and fever (87.21%). Based on histopathological diagnosis, the categorical distributions of appendicitis were Acute Appendicitis (48.10%), Lymphoid Hyperplasia (25.50%), and Resolving Appendicitis (47.05%). Conclusion: The prevalence of acute appendicitis is more common in males especially in the age group of 20-29 years based on histological diagnosis. Keywords: Appendicitis, Cross-sectional Study

scholarly journals Prevalence of protein energy malnutrition among children: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Venkatesha K. R. ◽  
R. Ravikumar Naik
Keyword(s):  
Protein Energy Malnutrition ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Global Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Protein Energy

Background: In the world, hunger and malnutrition are most significant threat. Malnutrition is global risk factor for significant death among infants and pregnant woman. malnutrition increases the chances of several infections.Methods: A cross sectional study was undertaken in children age group of 1 to 18 years, suffering from protein energy malnutrition, attending Department of Paediatrics, tertiary care hospital, Bangalore during the period January 2016 to December 2016. Results: In the present study, maximum number of cases (44) belongs to age group of 1-5 years, followed by 32 cases belongs to 6-12-year age group and 24 cases belong to 13-18-year age group. Maximum cases (59) belongs to female with male female ratio is 1:1.4. In the present study out of 100 cases, 81 cases came positive for protein energy malnutrition. Out of 81 cases positive for PEM, 34 cases belong to grade I followed by 24 cases belongs to grade II, 13 cases belong to grade III and 1o cases belongs to grade IV protein-energy malnutrition (PEM).Conclusions: Malnutrition is like an iceberg, most people in the developing countries live under the burden of malnutrition.

scholarly journals Cross-sectional Study on MyocardialInfarction in Young Adults in an EmergencyDepartment of a Rural Tertiary Care Hospital, Davanagere,Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
CH Karthik Reddy ◽  
Mahesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Ashray Vasanthapuram ◽  
Girish Narayan ◽  
SS Narendra
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vessel Disease

Introduction: The incidence of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in the young has been increasing globally. Research in this population has been limited in developed countries or urban areas in developing countries. Identifying the various epidemiologic features in this age group is crucial to understand the disease. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics of young adults presenting with ACS in a rural tertiary care hospital. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included 50 patients diagnosed with ACS. Data were collected from consecutive patients between the ages of 18 to 45 years diagnosed with ACS between January 2014 to January 2015 in the Emergency Medicine Department of a tertiary care hospital in Davanagere, India. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, risk factors, laboratory tests, and angiographic findings. Range, mean and percentages were calculated for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A 95% confidence intervals were calculated for all variables. Results: The mean age was 38.1±5.8 years with male preponderance 46 (92%). Risk factors were smoking 36 (72%), diabetes 17 (34%), hypertension 6 (12%) and Body Mass Index (BMI) >23 kg/m2, 36 (72%). Anterior Wall Myocardial Infarction (AWMI) was observed in 35 (70%) of subjects with angiography revealing Single Vessel Disease (SVD) 28 (56%), Double Vessel Disease (DVD) 5 (10%), Triple Vessel Disease (TVD) 3 (6%) and Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Artery Disease (MINOCA) 11 (22%). Three patients died during their course of treatment before initiating an interventional procedure. Conclusion: Smoking, diabetes mellitus and elevated BMI are associated with ACS among young patients. Interventions targeting these risk factors among younger individuals should be developed.

Increased frequency of fibromyalgia among patients with chronic pain presenting to internal medicine clinics of a tertiary care hospital: a cross sectional study

2022 ◽  
Vol 71 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Javed ◽  
Muhammad Zaid ◽  
Sumera Imran ◽  
Ayesha Hai ◽  
Muhammad Junaid Patel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
National Language ◽  
P Value ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Objective: To estimate the frequency of patients with fibromyalgia (by using the 2010 Modified Criteria for Fibromyalgia by American College of Rheumatology ( ACR ) presenting to Internal Medicine clinics  Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted in the department of Internal Medicine, the Indus Hospital, khi, Pakistan between December 2016 and March 2018. Patients who visited internal medicine clinics, met the selection criteria, were included in the study. After taking informed consent patients were assessed for fibromyalgia according to the new 2010 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic criteria questionnaire. The patients were asked the questions in the national language, Urdu. Data analyzed using SPSS version 21. P value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of the 267 patients presenting to the internal medicine clinics and consenting for participating in the study 149 (55.80%) met at least one of the 2010 Fibromyalgia Criteria. The prevalence of fibromyalgia as estimated in this study was 56% with no difference in gender. Mean age of patients with fibromyalgia was 42.3 ± 14.6 and patients without fibromyalgia was 38.9 ± 13.7 which was statistically significant (p-value = 0.05, 10% level of significance). Of the 267 patient 197 (73.8%) were female and 70 (26.2%) were males, a male to female ratio of 1:2.81.  Conclusion: All patients with generalized pain should be evaluated for fibromyalgia and a diagnosis made to reduce the cost of further referrals and investigations and delay in the management of this debilitating disorder. Keywords: Fibromyalgia, Chronic fatigue, Generalized Pain  

scholarly journals A Clinical Study of Secondary Glaucoma with Special Reference to Its Proportion, Causes and Its Risk Factors in a Tertiary Care Hospital - A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Partha Chakma ◽  
Debal Kisor Pal ◽  
Amar Kanti Chakma
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Secondary Glaucoma ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Common Cause

BACKGROUND Secondary glaucoma is an anatomically identifiable abnormality which in turn is an underlying cause of the events that lead to aqueous outflow obstruction and rise in the intraocular pressure. This prospective study mainly highlights the secondary glaucoma with special reference to its proportion, causes and its risk factors in a tertiary care hospital. METHODS This study was a cross sectional study. Patients, who attended the Department of Ophthalmology after fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria diagnosed with secondary glaucoma, were included in the study. The study period was from February 2018 to June 2020. A standard form was filled up for each patient documenting parameters and findings of various examinations and was evaluated as per protocol. RESULTS Secondary glaucoma was seen in 0.2 % patients who visited during the study period. Out of 106 patients, males were 50, females were 56, with a male: female ratio of 1:1.1. The most common cause of secondary glaucoma was lens induced glaucoma seen in 44.34 % followed by uveitic glaucoma in 20.8 % cases, traumatic 17.9 %, neovascular 10.4 %, pseudoexfoliation glaucoma 2.8 %, pigmentary glaucoma 1.9 %, silicon oil induced 0.9 %, and uveitis-glaucomahyphema syndrome in 0.9 % cases. Around thirty five percent (34.9 %) cases presented with sudden onset of painful diminution of vision with nausea and vomiting. CONCLUSIONS Secondary glaucoma is still one of the prevalent diseases in this part of country. Lens induced glaucoma is still the most common cause of secondary glaucoma. Hypermature cataract, uveitis, trauma and neovascularisation are the different risk factors. KEYWORDS Secondary Glaucoma, Lens Induced Glaucoma, Phacomorphic Glaucoma, Uveitic Glaucoma

scholarly journals Diagnostic efficacy of Fenyo-Lindberg scoring system in patients of acute appendicitis a one-year cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 3998
Author(s):  
Kartik Sahu ◽  
Anil P. Bellad
Keyword(s):  
Acute Appendicitis ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Scoring System ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Diagnostic Efficacy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Group I ◽  
One Year

Background: Diagnostic scores have been found to be very efficient. The present study was taken up to calculate diagnostic efficacy of Fenyo-Lindberg (FL) scoring system in patients of acute appendicitis.Methods: A one-year cross sectional study was done on 100 patients in patients with right lower quadrant pain. Group I had patients with score of -2 and above and group II with score below -2. The groups were compared with histopathological diagnosis. Then, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictable value (PPV) and negative predictable value (NPV) were calculated.Results: In this study, the males were 52 and females were 48.15 patients, Total leucocyte count (TLC) had more than 14,000 whereas 16 patients had onset of pain in less than 24 hours. 47 patients had vomiting. Tenderness was present in all cases, while rebound tenderness was present in 54% of cases. 98% of patients had progression of pain, whereas migration was seen in 76%. 56% patients had increased pain on coughing. 54 patients had acute appendicitis on histopathology. The study shows that this scoring system has sensitivity of 72% and specificity of 71% in diagnosing acute appendicitis. The PPV was 75% and NPV was 68%.Conclusions: The FL score is an inexpensive clinical tool that may help the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The results are comparable to previous studies but as the sample size is small, study has to be done in higher sample size to get the data necessary to generalize the findings and the fact that this study was first on this scoring system in India should also be considered.

scholarly journals Clinical and diagnostic profile of patients with anal fistula: a cross sectional study from Vilasrao Deshmukh Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Latur, Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 2494
Author(s):  
Praffula V. Mahakalkar ◽  
Ganesh Swami ◽  
Halnikar Chandrashekhar S. ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fistula ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internal Opening ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Fistula In Ano ◽  
Surgical Department ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
External Opening

Background: Anal fistulas are one of the commonest causes for a persistent discharge seropurulent in nature that irritates the skin in the neighbourhood and leads to discomfort. Fistula-in-ano is seen quite frequently in perirectal perianal suppuration. The objective of this study to study the clinical profile and diagnosis of anal fistula at surgical OPD of VDGIMS.Methods: The present cross-sectional observational study was carried out in patients with fistula-in-ano admitted at surgical department of VDGIMS, Latur during the period of 2017-19 in 50 diagnosed patients. Data was analysed by using SPSS 24.0 version IBM USA.Results: Majority of the patients with anal fistula were from 41-50 years age group i.e. 15 (30%) and males were predominantly affected 40 (80%) compared to females i.e. 10 (20%). Male to female ratio was 4:1. Perianal discomfort was the commonest symptom in all patients i.e. 100%. It is followed by perianal discharge complained by 54% and perianal itching in 38% cases. The anterior position of external opening is found to be significant (p<0.05). Fistulogram showed external opening in all patients i.e. 50 cases whereas internal opening in 46 (92%) cases. Findings of MRI revealed that anal fistula was intra sphincteric in 28 cases i.e. 56%, extra sphincteric in 2 cases i.e. 4% and trans sphincteric in 20 cases i.e. 40%.Conclusions: Commonest age group affected in our study was 40-50 years with male predominance. Perianal discomfort and discharge were the commonest symptom. E. coli was the predominant organism isolated. Fistulogram and MRI is useful in detecting the aetiology of fistula in ano.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding tuberculosis among the patients attending a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra, India: a cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 371
Author(s):  
Nilesh S. Sonawane ◽  
Chaitanya R. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Symptom ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Attitude And Practice ◽  
Knowledge Attitude And Practice

Background: Tuberculosis is major public health problem especially in the low and middle income countries like India. We conducted a study to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice related to tuberculosis among the patients attending our tertiary care institute.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital on the patients attending OPD of tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra. The patients with debilitating illness or bed bound patients and those diagnosed and cured of tuberculosis or were on treatment of tuberculosis were excluded from the study. A pretested and designed questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice about the cause, clinical features and treatment of tuberculosis.Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 43.34±11.23 years with male: female ratio of 1.45. About 16.67% of the subjects stated that cause of TB is bacteria, 51.33% reported that cough was the most common symptom, 58.67% believed that it spreads from person to person and among the people who said it spreads 58.67% said that it can be preventable.Conclusions: About 1/5th of the study subjects expressed the cause of TB is bacteria or germs, and more than ½ believed that TB spreads from person to person. About 2/3rd of the patients felt that TB was a very serious disease; more than ½ of them expressed fear if they were diagnosed with TB but more than ½ of them also expressed rejection if they have a TB patient as a closed one.

scholarly journals Association between Diabetes and Cognitive Function among People over 45 Years Old in China: A Cross-Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jiao Yang ◽  
Zhangyi Liao ◽  
Xiaomeng Zhao ◽  
Xuefeng Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Status

Objectives: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between diabetes status including characteristics of diabetes and cognition among the middle-aged and elderly population (≥45 years) in China. Methods: A sample of 8535 people who participated in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) from June 2011 to March 2012 was analyzed. Two cognitive domains including episodic memory and executive function were measured through questionnaires. People were classified into four groups: no diabetes, controlled diabetes, untreated diabetes, treated but uncontrolled diabetes. Weighted multiple regression model was conducted to explore the association between diabetes and cognition in full sample as well as three different age groups (45–59, 60–74, ≥75). Adjustments were made for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Results: After adjusting several covariates, untreated diabetes (β = −0.192, p < 0.05) was significantly associated with episodic memory. In the age group of 45–69 years, untreated diabetes (β = −0.471, p < 0.05) and HbA1c level (β = −0.074, p < 0.05) were significantly associated with episodic memory. When adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, all correlations were non-significant. Conclusion: The cross-sectional study suggests that untreated diabetes and HbA1c are the potential risk factor for cognitive impairment, and these associations are more significant in the age group of 45–59 years old. Cardiovascular factors are important mediating factors in the pathway between diabetes and cognitive impairment. More longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these associations.

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