Analiza spaţio-temporară a duratei de strălucire a soarelui

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Cojocari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Seasonal Aspect ◽  
Annual Amount

In temporal aspect, the duration of sunshine shows a general upward trend. In seasonal aspect, spring season demonstrates an increase of about +0.2 hours, summer - about 0.1 hours, in autumn there is a trend of decreasing, according to the trend line, and the oscillation is equal to zero hours. Also we observe the increase in the number of hours in the spatial aspect. For Briceni meteorological station, the annual amount of sunshine duration varies within the limits of 1544 hours (1980) and 2326 hours (2015). The oscillation limits at the Cahul meteorological station are 1880 hours (1976) and 2604 hours (1963). At the Chisinau meteorological station, there's general increasing trend for the number of hours during which the sunshine duration is maintained, and it exhibits oscillations within 1783 hours (1989) and 2498 hours (1963). In the spatial aspect for winter, this increase +1 hour in Cahul, +0.38 hours in Briceni, and + 0.4 hours / season in Chisinau. In spring, the highest value of +2.2 hours is observed at Briceni and the lowest in Chisinau +1.9 hours / season. At Cahul meteorological station the increase was +1.4 hours. The increase in summer is +1.7 hours in Briceni and Chisinau, and only +0.9 hours in Cahul. Autumn trend line is a downward trend with a -0.3 hours decrease registered at Briceni and Chisinau meteorological stations (minimum values), and -0.6 hours in Cahul, maximum value.

Aspect and space

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Champollion
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Domain ◽  
The Other ◽  
Alternative View ◽  
Temporal Domain ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
The Way

This chapter models the relation between temporal aspect (run for an hour vs. *run all the way to the store for an hour) and spatial aspect (meander for a mile vs. *end for a mile) previously discussed by Gawron (2009). The chapter shows that for-adverbials impose analogous conditions on the spatial domain and on the temporal domain, and that an event may satisfy stratified reference with respect to one of the domains without satisfying it with respect to the other one as well. This provides the means to extend the telic-atelic opposition to the spatial domain. The chapter argues in some detail that stratified reference is in this respect empirically superior to an alternative view of telicity based on divisive reference (Krifka 1998).

scholarly journals Atmospheric mercury in the southern hemisphere – Part 1: Trend and inter-annual variations of atmospheric mercury at Cape Point, South Africa, in 2007–2017, and on Amsterdam Island in 2012–2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Slemr ◽  
Lynwill Martin ◽  
Casper Labuschagne ◽  
Thumeka Mokolo ◽  
Hélène Angot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Complex Picture ◽  
Minamata Convention On Mercury ◽  
Atmospheric Concentrations

Abstract. The Minamata Convention on mercury (Hg) entered into force in 2017, committing its 116 parties (as of January 2019) to curb anthropogenic emissions. Monitoring of atmospheric concentrations and trends is an important part of the effectiveness evaluation of the Convention. A few years ago (in 2017) we reported an increasing trend of atmospheric Hg concentrations at the Cape Point Global Atmospheric Watch (GAW) station in South Africa (34°21' S, 18°29' E) for the 2007–2015 period. With 2 more years of measurements at Cape Point and the 2012–2017 data from Amsterdam Island (37°48' S, 77°34' E) in the remote southern Indian Ocean, a more complex picture emerges: at Cape Point the upward trend for the 2007–2017 period is still significant but none or slightly downward trend was detected for the period 2012–2017 both at Cape Point and Amsterdam Island. The upward trend at Cape Point is thus driven mainly by the 2007–2014 data. Using ancillary data on 222Rn, CO, O3, CO2, and CH4 from Cape Point and Amsterdam Island the possible reasons for the trend and its change are investigated. In a companion paper this analysis is extended for the Cape Point station by calculations of source and sink regions using backward trajectory analysis.

scholarly journals Metallicity and Binarity in WC and WO Stars

2003 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 566-567
Author(s):  
Laura Norci ◽  
V. Francesco Polcaro ◽  
Roberto F. Viotti
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Width ◽  
Emission Lines ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Ionization Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
The Difference

Median values of the fwhm and equivalent width Wλ of the C iv 581 nm, O v 559 nm and 465 nm emission lines were derived from an extended statistical analysis of WC and WO stars (Norci et al. 2002; see Table 1). We find that the C iv equivalent width shows an increasing trend towards earlier WC subtypes, reaching a maximum value of 95 nm (± 32 %) for the Galactic WC4-6 stars, and decreases by about a factor of three in the hotter WO stars (Figure 1, left). The line appears about twice as strong in the LMC than in the Galactic WC4 stars, and the difference is particularly evident in the non-Galactic WO stars. Such an effect is absent in the O v 559 nm line, which smoothly increases towards WCE and WO stars, with no significant difference between Galactic and non-Galactic WC4 and WO stars. Thus this C anomaly is not an ionization effect; it is, therefore, probably due to a cause that selectively operates on C rather than on O. Different physical conditions in the winds of Galactic and non-Galactic stars, possibly related to the different initial metallicity Z, could be responsible for the anomaly.

RST: A Connectionist Architecture to Deal with Spatiotemporal Relationships

1998 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 883-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-C. Chappelier ◽  
A. Grumbach
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
Leaky Integrator ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Actual Space ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Static Pattern ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Detection And Localization

In the past decade, connectionism has proved its efficiency in the field of static pattern recognition. The next challenge is to deal with spatiotemporal problems. This article presents a new connectionist architecture, RST (ŕeseau spatio temporel [spatio temporal network]), with such spatiotemporal capacities. It aims at taking into account at the architecture level both spatial relationships (e.g., as between neighboring pixels in an image) and temporal relationships (e.g., as between consecutive images in a video sequence). Concerning the spatial aspect, the network is embedded in actual space (two-or three-dimensional), the metrics of which directly influence its structure through a connection distribution function. For the temporal aspect, we looked toward biology and used a leaky-integrator neuron model with a refractory period and postsynaptic potentials. The propagation of activity by spatiotemporal synchronized waves enables RST to perform motion detection and localization in sequences of video images.

scholarly journals Impact of global dimming on reference evapotranspiration in Hai River basin, China

2015 ◽  
Vol 368 ◽  
pp. 287-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Zhao ◽  
X. Zeng ◽  
H. Sun
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Surface Energy Balance ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Reference Evapotranspiration ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Global Radiation ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Global Dimming

Abstract. Global radiation can impact the surface energy balance and hydrological cycle. This study analysed changes in global radiation in Hai River basin, China during 1960 to 2012. Global radiation decreased significantly from 1960 to 1989 and increased from 1990 to 2012, which has been described as “from dimming to brightening”. Sunshine duration was used as a proxy index where radiation records were unavailable. Results showed that sunshine duration (for 45 stations) show a significant decreasing trend from 1960 to 2012, which was a little different to global radiation (for 6 stations) during the brightening phase. Penman-Monteith model was used for estimating trends of reference evapotranspiration. The consistency of temporal and spatial variations in sunshine duration and reference evapotranspiration was examined during the periods 1960−1989 and 1990−2012. The results showed that the annual reference evapotranspiration trend was consistent with the sunshine duration trend (both were decreasing for 37 of the 45 stations) during 1960 to 1989, followed by an upward trend (for 26 of the 45 stations) from 1990, while the annual sunshine duration indicated a downward trend (for all 45 stations) during the whole period 1960−2012. Overall, global dimming could be the dominant factor for the decreased reference evapotranspiration from 1960 to 1989, while the increased reference evapotranspiration from 1990 to 2012 could be driven by other meteorological variables, especially global warming.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Grain and Nutritional Quality of Transplanted Aman Rice Under Different Nitrogen Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
S Shome ◽  
PK Biswas ◽  
MJ Ullah ◽  
A Barman
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Gel Consistency

Quality is one of the key characteristics of rice and is largely governed by nitrogen application. An experiment was conducted to scrutinize the effect of nitrogen on quality characteristics of rice, with three nitrogen levels (viz. 50 kg N ha-1, 100 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1) and four varieties/lines (viz. SAU ADL1, BRRI dhan70, BRRI hybrid dhan6 and SAU ADL11). Results revealed that quality characters of transplanted Aman rice were significantly influenced by nitrogen, variety and their interaction. Increasing trend was observed with the increasing level of nitrogen from 50 to 150 kg ha-1 regarding hulling percentage and milling outturn while decreasing trend was observed in case of apparent amylose content and imbibition ratio. Maximum protein content (9.60%) and gel consistency (96.16 mm) were recorded at 100 kg N ha-1. Among the studied materials, SAU ADL11 performed better in case of all studied parameters. Although interaction of 150 kg N ha-1 with SAU ADL1 and SAU ADL11 gave maximum value of hulling percentage and milling outturn. In interaction of 100 kg N ha-1 with these two lines gave maximum protein, gel consistency and satisfactory levels of all quality characters. So, it can be suggested to carry out further investigation with these two rice lines having 100 kg N ha-1. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 59-66

scholarly journals Thermal Conductivity Characterization of Thermal Grease Containing Copper Nanopowder

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 1893 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haneul Kang ◽  
Hyunji Kim ◽  
Jihye An ◽  
Siyeon Choi ◽  
Jinho Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Heat Dissipation ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Internal Heat ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Heat Transfer Medium ◽  
Conductive Materials ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Thermal Grease

As electronic devices and mainboards become smaller, the need for thermal conductive materials having excellent internal heat dissipation is increasing. In this study, nano thermal grease was prepared by mixing in copper nanopowder, which is used as a heat transfer medium in thermal grease, which is a kind of thermal conductive material, with silicon oil. In addition, copper powder was mixed with graphene and alumina, respectively, and the thermal conductivity performance was compared. As a result, the thermal conductivity improved by 4.5 W/m·k over the silicon base, and the upward trend of thermal conductivity increased steadily up to 15 vol. %, and the increasing trend decreased after 20 vol. %. In addition, the increased rate of thermal conductivity from 0 to 5 vol. % and 10 to 15 vol. % was the largest.

A new and efficient algorithm to look for periodic patterns on spatio-temporal databases

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Claudio Gutiérrez-Soto ◽  
Tatiana Gutiérrez-Bunster ◽  
Guillermo Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Algorithm ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Temporal Database ◽  
Periodic Patterns ◽  
Processing Times ◽  
Generic Term ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Data Incorporate

Big Data is a generic term that involves the storing and processing of a large amount of data. This large amount of data has been promoted by technologies such as mobile applications, Internet of Things (IoT), and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). An example of GIS is a Spatio-Temporal Database (STDB). A complex problem to address in terms of processing time is pattern searching on STDB. Nowadays, high information processing capacity is available everywhere. Nevertheless, the pattern searching problem on STDB using traditional Data Mining techniques is complex because the data incorporate the temporal aspect. Traditional techniques of pattern searching, such as time series, do not incorporate the spatial aspect. For this reason, traditional algorithms based on association rules must be adapted to find these patterns. Most of the algorithms take exponential processing times. In this paper, a new efficient algorithm (named Minus-F1) to look for periodic patterns on STDB is presented. Our algorithm is compared with Apriori, Max-Subpattern, and PPA algorithms on synthetic and real STDB. Additionally, the computational complexities for each algorithm in the worst cases are presented. Empirical results show that Minus-F1 is not only more efficient than Apriori, Max-Subpattern, and PAA, but also it presents a polynomial behavior.

Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Drought and Flood in Northeast China

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1075-1083 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Huang ◽  
Deng Hua Yan
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Monthly Precipitation ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Drought And Flood ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Change Trend ◽  
Monthly Precipitation Data

In order to reduce the losses of drought and flood disasters, the spatiotemporal characteristics and evolution of drought and flood in Northeast China were analyzed by Z index based on the monthly precipitation data of 111 meteorological stations during 1961-2013.The Mann–Kendall test and linear regression analysis were used to analyze the change trend of drought and flood. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Affected by the monsoon climate, flood is concentrated in summer extensively and frequently in Northeast China, while drought is concentrated in winter. (2) Drought mainly occurs in January, February, March, November and December concentrated in east and southeast of Northeast China. Flood is found in May to September. Especially The highest frequency of flood is observed in July (up to 84.9%), next is August with 69.8%, and followed by June with 48.7%. (3)7 months in a year (March-June and October-December ) show wetting trend over Northeast China , while 3 months (July-September) are observed drying trends. Significant upward trend of wet conditions occur in March and December; while significant trends towards drier conditions occur in September. (4) Drought areas dominate the Northeast China in January, February, March, November and December with a decreasing trend. Flood areas dominate the Northeast China from May to September. Extensive flood is most likely occurred in July. Flood area in May and June show an increasing trend, while a decreasing trend is from July to September.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Net Primary Productivity in China’s Urban Lands during 1982–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 400
Author(s):  
Helin Zhang ◽  
Rui Sun ◽  
Dailiang Peng ◽  
Xiaohua Yang ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Net Primary Productivity ◽  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
River Delta ◽  
Urban Agglomeration ◽  
Buffer Zones ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Vegetation Loss ◽  
The Impact

The rapid urbanization process has threatened the ecological environment. Net primary productivity (NPP) can effectively indicate vegetation growth status in an urban area. In this paper, we evaluated the change in NPP in China and China’s urban lands and assessed the impact of temperature, precipitation, the sunshine duration, and vegetation loss due to urban expansion on NPP in China’s three fast-growing urban agglomerations and their buffer zones (~5–20 km). The results indicated that the NPP in China exhibited an increasing trend. In contrast, the NPP in China’s urban lands showed a decreasing trend. However, after 1997, China’s increasing trend in NPP slowed (from 9.59 Tg C/yr to 8.71 Tg C/yr), while the decreasing trend in NPP in China’s urban lands weakened. Moreover, we found that the NPP in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei urban agglomeration (BTHUA), the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA), and the Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration (PRDUA) showed a decreasing trend. The NPP in the BTHUA showed an increasing trend in the buffer zones, which was positively affected by temperature and sunshine duration. Additionally, nonsignificant vegetation loss could promote the increase of NPP. In the YRDUA, the increasing temperature was the main factor that promoted the increase of NPP. The effect of temperature on NPP could almost offset the inhibition of vegetation reduction on the increase of NPP as the buffer zone expanded. In PRDUA, sunshine duration and vegetation loss were the main factors decreasing NPP. Our results will support future urban NPP prediction and government policymaking.

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