scholarly journals Evaluation of Grain and Nutritional Quality of Transplanted Aman Rice Under Different Nitrogen Levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
S Shome ◽  
PK Biswas ◽  
MJ Ullah ◽  
A Barman
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Protein Gel ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Gel Consistency

Quality is one of the key characteristics of rice and is largely governed by nitrogen application. An experiment was conducted to scrutinize the effect of nitrogen on quality characteristics of rice, with three nitrogen levels (viz. 50 kg N ha-1, 100 kg N ha-1 and 150 kg N ha-1) and four varieties/lines (viz. SAU ADL1, BRRI dhan70, BRRI hybrid dhan6 and SAU ADL11). Results revealed that quality characters of transplanted Aman rice were significantly influenced by nitrogen, variety and their interaction. Increasing trend was observed with the increasing level of nitrogen from 50 to 150 kg ha-1 regarding hulling percentage and milling outturn while decreasing trend was observed in case of apparent amylose content and imbibition ratio. Maximum protein content (9.60%) and gel consistency (96.16 mm) were recorded at 100 kg N ha-1. Among the studied materials, SAU ADL11 performed better in case of all studied parameters. Although interaction of 150 kg N ha-1 with SAU ADL1 and SAU ADL11 gave maximum value of hulling percentage and milling outturn. In interaction of 100 kg N ha-1 with these two lines gave maximum protein, gel consistency and satisfactory levels of all quality characters. So, it can be suggested to carry out further investigation with these two rice lines having 100 kg N ha-1. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(1): 59-66

scholarly journals Relationship between High Temperature and Formation of Chalkiness and Their Effects on Quality of Rice

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Y. M. Nevame ◽  
R. M. Emon ◽  
M. A. Malek ◽  
M. M. Hasan ◽  
Md. Amirul Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Pragmatic Approach ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Material Resources ◽  
Temperature Responsive ◽  
Stable Qtls ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors

Occurrence of chalkiness in rice is attributed to genetic and environmental factors, especially high temperature (HT). The HT induces heat stress, which in turn compromises many grain qualities, especially transparency. Chalkiness in rice is commonly studied together with other quality traits such as amylose content, gel consistency, and protein storage. In addition to the fundamental QTLs, some other QTLs have been identified which accelerate chalkiness occurrence under HT condition. In this review, some of the relatively stable chalkiness, amylose content, and gel consistency related QTLs have been presented well. Genetically, HT effect on chalkiness is explained by the location of certain chalkiness gene in the vicinity of high-temperature-responsive genes. With regard to stable QTL distribution and availability of potential material resources, there is still feasibility to find out novel stable QTLs related to chalkiness under HT condition. A better understanding of those achievements is essential to develop new rice varieties with a reduced chalky grain percentage. Therefore, we propose the pyramiding of relatively stable and nonallelic QTLs controlling low chalkiness endosperm into adaptable rice varieties as pragmatic approach to mitigate HT effect.

scholarly journals Structural development and physicochemical properties of starch in caryopsis of super rice with different types of panicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Chen ◽  
Mingxin Chen ◽  
Guoqiang Lin ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Xurun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amylose Content ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Relative Crystallinity ◽  
Starch Quality ◽  
Content Ratio ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Starch is the main storage substance in rice caryopsis and its properties will determine the quality of rice. Super rice has been extensively studied due to its high-yield characteristics, but the knowledge of amyloplast development and starch quality in caryopsis of super rice especially with large panicle is limited. Results To address this, large panicle typed and normal panicle typed super rice cultivar Yongyou2640 (YY2640) and Nangeng9108 (NG9108) were investigated in this study. The development of amyloplast in YY2640 caryopsis was better than NG9108, showing faster degradation rate of pericarp amyloplast and better filling degree of endosperm amyloplast. Meanwhile, the starch granule of YY2640 presented as polyhedral shape with smooth surface and the granule size was slightly larger than NG9108. The starch of YY2640 exhibited the lower amylose content, ratio of amylose to amylopectin and the higher level of amylopectin short and long branch-chains compared with NG9108, but there was no significant difference in amylopectin branching degree between them. Two rice starches both showed the characteristics of A-type crystal, and the relative crystallinity and external ordered degree of YY2640 starch were higher than those of NG9108. Furthermore, YY2640 starch showed better pasting properties with lower pasting temperature, shorter pasting time, higher peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown value and lower setback value because of lower apparent amylose content. Conclusions Overall, the development and filling of amyloplast in YY2640 caryopsis were better than those of NG9108, thus leading to better starch quality of YY2640.

scholarly journals A New Strategy for Specific Qualities of Waxy Rice Breeding by Analyzing Physicochemical Properties Between Five Waxy Mutants and Corresponding Their Wild Types

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhao Fu ◽  
Tingting Luo ◽  
Zizhong Zhu ◽  
Yiping Liu ◽  
Xu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Apparent Amylose Content ◽  
New Strategy ◽  
Waxy Rice ◽  
Wx Gene

Abstract Waxy rice is an essential mutant type of rice, which quality is controlled by amylopectin fine structure and apparent amylose content (AAC). The influence of amylopectin structure and AAC on quality and the waxy rice can be obtained by editing the Waxy (Wx) gene have been elucidated. However, the quality of waxy rice cannot be predicted before breeding, especially how to determine the quality of waxy (wx) mutants by wild types (WT) quality remains unclear. Herein, the quality of waxy rice has been successfully predicted through analyzing the association in physicochemical properties before and after Wx gene knockout. We demonstrated that the higher amylose WT would obtain higher amylose wx mutants, and wx mutants were endowed gelatinization temperature, amylopectin chain ratio and agronomic traits similar to WT. These data indicate that the quality of wild varieties played a decisive role in waxy rice breeding. Overall, we provide a new strategy for the specific quality breeding of waxy rice, which can get waxy rice of prescribed quality and contribute to expanding the particular type of waxy rice germplasm resources.

Yield and Seed quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as affected by variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-100
Author(s):  
Shahnaj Yesmina ◽  
Moushumi Akhtarb ◽  
Belal Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Nitrogen Level ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Harvesting Time ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Vigour Index

The experiment was conducted to find out the effect of variety, nitrogen level and harvesting time on yield and seed quality of barley. The treatments used in the experiment consisted of two varieties viz. BARI Barley 4 and BARI Barley 5, three harvesting time viz. 35, 40 and 45 Days after Anthesis (DAA) and nitrogen levels viz. 0, 70, 85 and 100 kg N ha-1 . The experiment was laid out in a spilt- spilt-plot design with three replications assigning the variety to the main plot, harvesting time to the sub-plots and nitrogen level to the sub-sub plots. Variety had significant effects on the all yield attributes except fertile seeds spike-1 . Seed quality parameters viz. normal seeds spike-1 , deformed seeds spike-1 , germination (%) and vigour index were statistically significant. The variety BARI Barley 5 produced higher grain yield and seed quality than BARI Barley 4. Grain yield from BARI Barley 5 and BARI Barley 4 were 4.59 t ha-1 and 4.24 t ha-1 , respectively. Significantly, the highest 1000-seed weight (46.90 g) was produced by BARI Barley 5 than (37.90 g) BARI Barley 4. The result revealed that harvesting time had significant effect on yield and yield attributes and seed quality parameters. Seed yield was highest (4.65 t ha-1 ) when the crop harvested at 40 DAA and it was increased linearly from 35 DAA. Maximum quality seed and 1000-seed weight (43.20 g) was obtained when the crop harvested at 40 DAA. All the yields, yield attributes and seed quality parameters were significantly influenced by nitrogen levels. The highest grain yield (5.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained when BARI Barley 5 variety was fertilized by 100 kg N ha-1 and the lowest (3.14 t ha-1 ) was obtained from control treatments. Normal seeds spike-1 , vigour index, germination (%) were better at 85 kg N ha-1 in variety of BARI Barley 5 than BARI Barley 4. So it can be concluded that BARI Barley 5 showed better result when fertilized with 100 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting maximum yield and 85 kg N ha-1 and harvested at 40 DAA for getting better quality seed.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Irrigation Interval after Anthesis on Grain Quality, Alkali Digestion, and Gel Consistency of Rice

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Ramin Rayee ◽  
Tran Dang Xuan ◽  
Tran Dang Khanh ◽  
Hoang-Dung Tran ◽  
Kifayatullah Kakar
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Grain Quality ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Gelatinization Temperature ◽  
Rice Varieties ◽  
Irrigation Interval ◽  
Gel Consistency ◽  
Alkali Digestion

The management of amylose and protein contents and cooking quality are the main challenges in rice macronutrients and quality improvement. This experiment was conducted to examine the rice grain quality, alkali digestion, and gel consistency responses to irrigation interval after anthesis. Three rice varieties (K1, K3, and K4) were subjected to different irrigation intervals (1, 2, and 3 d) after anthesis. The findings of this study showed that the protein content was markedly increased from 6.53–6.63% to 9.93–10.16%, whilst the amylose content was decreased significantly from 22.00–22.43% to 16.33–17.56% under stressed treatments at irrigation intervals, whilst the quantity of fatty acids was not affected. The 3-d irrigation interval recorded the highest protein content but the lowest amylose value. In addition, this treatment shows lower gelatinization temperature, but it is negatively associated with hard gel consistency under irrigation interval. This study highlights that the water management following a 3-d irrigation interval from anthesis is a useful and simple treatment to improve rice nutrients and grain cooking quality.

scholarly journals Genome-Wide Identification and Genetic Variations of the Starch Synthase Gene Family in Rice

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Hongjia Zhang ◽  
Seong-Gyu Jang ◽  
San Mar Lar ◽  
Ah-Rim Lee ◽  
Fang-Yuan Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Starch Synthase ◽  
Eating Quality ◽  
Segmental Duplications ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Relationship

Starch is a major ingredient in rice, and the amylose content of starch significantly impacts rice quality. OsSS (starch synthase) is a gene family related to the synthesis of amylose and amylopectin, and 10 members have been reported. In the present study, a synteny analysis of a novel family member belonging to the OsSSIV subfamily that contained a starch synthase catalytic domain showed that three segmental duplications and multiple duplications were identified in rice and other species. Expression data showed that the OsSS gene family is involved in diverse expression patterns. The prediction of miRNA targets suggested that OsSS are possibly widely regulated by miRNA functions, with miR156s targeted to OsSSII-3, especially. Haplotype analysis exhibited the relationship between amylose content and diverse genotypes. These results give new insight and a theoretical basis for the improved amylose content and eating quality of rice.

Using Key Characteristics to Balance Cost and Quality During Product Development

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna C. Thornton
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Product Quality ◽  
Lower Cost ◽  
Process Variation ◽  
Aircraft Manufacturing ◽  
Product Features ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Manufacturing Variation ◽  
Positive Return

Abstract Corporations are spending significant resources to reduce the effect of manufacturing variation on product quality as well as adopt lower cost manufacturing and assembly technologies to reduce the end costs in product development. However, to ensure that these investments have a positive return, efforts must be made to put resources into those areas where there will be the largest return. This paper describes a formalized method to make these decisions. The analysis focuses the tradeoff studies on the Key Characteristics (KCs) of the product. KCs, in use in a variety of industries, are the product features that are most sensitive to existing manufacturing and process variation and will affect the end quality of the product. Two examples from the aircraft manufacturing environment are used describe the application of the proposed methods.

Analiza spaţio-temporară a duratei de strălucire a soarelui

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodica Cojocari ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sunshine Duration ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Trend Line ◽  
Maximum Value ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Spatial Aspect ◽  
Temporal Aspect ◽  
Seasonal Aspect ◽  
Annual Amount

In temporal aspect, the duration of sunshine shows a general upward trend. In seasonal aspect, spring season demonstrates an increase of about +0.2 hours, summer - about 0.1 hours, in autumn there is a trend of decreasing, according to the trend line, and the oscillation is equal to zero hours. Also we observe the increase in the number of hours in the spatial aspect. For Briceni meteorological station, the annual amount of sunshine duration varies within the limits of 1544 hours (1980) and 2326 hours (2015). The oscillation limits at the Cahul meteorological station are 1880 hours (1976) and 2604 hours (1963). At the Chisinau meteorological station, there's general increasing trend for the number of hours during which the sunshine duration is maintained, and it exhibits oscillations within 1783 hours (1989) and 2498 hours (1963). In the spatial aspect for winter, this increase +1 hour in Cahul, +0.38 hours in Briceni, and + 0.4 hours / season in Chisinau. In spring, the highest value of +2.2 hours is observed at Briceni and the lowest in Chisinau +1.9 hours / season. At Cahul meteorological station the increase was +1.4 hours. The increase in summer is +1.7 hours in Briceni and Chisinau, and only +0.9 hours in Cahul. Autumn trend line is a downward trend with a -0.3 hours decrease registered at Briceni and Chisinau meteorological stations (minimum values), and -0.6 hours in Cahul, maximum value.

Mulches and Nitrogen Application Improves Cotton Yield and Fiber Quality

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 09-13
Author(s):  
Hakoomat Ali ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Shabir Hussain ◽  
Shoukat Ali Abid ◽  
Shazia Khaliq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Important Cash Crop ◽  
Wheat Straw Mulch

Cotton is an important cash crop and source of foreign exchange. Nitrogen is a critical nutrient for plant growth throughout the life span of the crop. Wheat straw mulch not only source of nitrogen supply but also improves soil fertility and reduces soil erosion. The current study was performed to investigate the effects of mulches and nitrogen application on cotton productivity and fiber quality at the Central Cotton Research Institute (CCRI), Multan. Two crop residues i.e. wheat straw and non wheat straw were used in main plots while nitrogen levels viz. 0,50, 100 and 150 kg ha-1 were randomized in subplots. The highest seed cotton yield (22.99 t ha-1) was obtained by the combination of nitrogen fertilizer application highest level (150 kg N ha-1) along with the wheat straw (20.27 t ha-1). The fiber quality was also affected by the wheat straw along with nitrogen application 150 kg N ha-1 and gave maximum results. In conclusion, wheat straw along with 150 kg ha-1 of Nitrogen application gave maximum results on cotton production as compared to non straw with low nitrogen application.

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