scholarly journals Gross pathology of herons and egrets (family Ardeidae) at a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Northern California

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Molly Horgan ◽  
Rebecca Duerr
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Intestinal Perforation ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Coelomic Cavities

Gross necropsies were performed on all herons and egrets (family Ardeidae) that died or were euthanized at a wildlife rehabilitation centre in Fairfield, California, over a six-week period in the summer of 2018 (n = 145). Of the animals necropsied, 108 (74.5%) were euthanized and 37 (25.5%) died. Common reasons for euthanasia were trauma (n = 24), MBD (n = 39) and non-specific signs such as hypothermia and obtundation that persisted in the face of medical and supportive care (n = 32). MBD was found both in birds at admission (n = 9) and later in care (n = 34), despite calcium supplementation to correct calcium:phosphorus ratios of foods. Feeder fish were suspected to be deficient in vitamin D, and supplementation successfully reduced the development of this problem during the care later in the season. Nematodes of the genus Eustrongylides were found in the coelomic cavities of 43 (30%) birds. High burdens were often accompanied by coelomitis and abscessation involving internal organs. Visceral gout (n = 10) and intestinal perforation (n = 4) were both strongly associated with the administration of meloxicam. These findings suggest meloxicam should be used with caution in these species. Other less common findings included septic arthritis, intestinal perforation and hepatomegaly. This study describes common gross pathological findings of herons and egrets in a wildlife rehabilitation centre in California and demonstrates the utility of gross necropsies in determining cause of death when more advanced post-mortem diagnostics are unavailable

The First Report of an Ovarian Cyst in the Bosca’s Newt, Lissotriton boscai (Lataste, 1879)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Andreia Garcês ◽  
Isabel Pires ◽  
Vanessa Soeiro ◽  
Sara Lóio ◽  
Anabela Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histopathologic Examination ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
The Family ◽  
Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Reproductive Pathology ◽  
First Time

The Bosca’s newt (Lissotriton boscai) is a small species of newt from the family Salamandridae, endemic in the western part of the Iberian Peninsula. Reproductive disorders in amphibians are not common and are poorly described. The newt, an adult female, originated from the Espiríto Santo creek in Miramar (Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal), was admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of the Biologic Park of Gaia in November 2017, with a dilatation on the left side, and difficulties in swimming and diving. Radiologic exam revealed an oval hypoechoic structure on the left side of the celomic cavity that compresses internal organs and causes spine deviation. In post mortem exam, the cranial portion of the left ovary presented an oval structure with 112 × 53 mm, of a translucid whitish-pink coloration containing a serous-like fluid. At histopathologic examination an ovarian luteinized cyst was diagnosed. It is the first time this type of lesion has been described in amphibians. In this animals, female’s reproductive problems are quite rare, with only a few cases reported, mostly in captivity animals. This report is important to improve the knowledge on reproductive pathology in amphibians, especially in the Bosca’s newt and evidence the importance of the post mortem exam in captive and wild amphibians.

scholarly journals OSTEOMYELITIS ON THE CERVICAL VERTEBRAS OF A FREE-LIVING EUROPEAN HEDGEHOG (Erinaceus europaeus) BY Paeniclostridium sordellii

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Garcês ◽  
Vanessa Soeiro ◽  
Sara Lóio ◽  
Filipe Silva ◽  
Isabel Pires
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Adult Female ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Rehabilitation Centre ◽  
Erinaceus Europaeus ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Wildlife Rehabilitation ◽  
European Hedgehog ◽  
First Time

A free-living European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus) adult female was admitted to the Wildlife Rehabilitation Centre of Parque Biológico de Gaia (Portugal), with severe breathing distress and poor body condition. Its neck was displaced 60 degrees caudally. During the post- mortem exam, an abscess in the cervical vertebras was observed. Paeniclostridium sordellii was the agent isolated from the purulent exudate that was removed from the lesion. This is the first reported case of P. sordellii associated osteomyelitis on the cervical vertebras, and the first time that this pathology is describe in this specie associated with this agent.Key words: Erinaceus europaeus; Portugal; Paeniclostridium sordellii; osteomyelitisOSTEOMIELITIS VRATNIH VRETENC PRI PROSTOŽIVEČM EVROPSKEM JEŽU (Erinaceus europaeus), POVZROČEN Z BAKTERIJO Paeniclostridium sordelliiIzvleček: Prosto živeča odrasla samica evropskega ježa (Erinaceus europaeus) je bila sprejeta v Center za rehabilitacijo divjih živali Parque Biológico de Gaia (Portugalska) s hudo dihalno stisko in slabim telesnim stanjem. Njen vrat je bil premaknjen kavdalno za 60 stopinj. Med sekcijo po smrti so opazili absces na vratnih vretencih. Iz gnojnega eksudata lezije je bila izolirana bakteerija Paeniclostridium sordellii. V članku poročamo o prvem zabeleženem primeru osteomielitisa, povezanega s P. sordellii, na vratnih vretencih in o prvem primeru opisa tovrstne patologije pri evropskem ježu, povezani s tem povzročiteljem.Ključne besede: Erinaceus europaeus; Portugalska; Paeniclostridium sordellii; osteomielitis

Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation. Myths and Realities with Regard to Cardiovascular Risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 610-617 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Muscogiuri ◽  
Luigi Barrea ◽  
Barbara Altieri ◽  
Carolina Di Somma ◽  
Harjit pal Bhattoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Muscle Health

Vitamin D and calcium are considered crucial for the treatment of bone diseases. Both vitamin D and calcium contribute to bone homeostasis but also preserve muscle health by reducing the risk of falls and fractures. Low vitamin D concentrations result in secondary hyperparathyroidism and contribute to bone loss, although the development of secondary hyperparathyroidism varies, even in patients with severe vitamin D deficiency. Findings from observational studies have shown controversial results regarding the association between bone mineral density and vitamin D/calcium status, thus sparking a debate regarding optimum concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and calcium for the best possible skeletal health. Although most of the intervention studies reported a positive effect of supplementation with calcium and vitamin D on bone in patients with osteoporosis, this therapeutic approach has been a matter of debate regarding potential side effects on the cardiovascular (CV) system. Thus, the aim of this review is to consider the current evidence on the physiological role of vitamin D and calcium on bone and muscle health. Moreover, we provide an overview on observational and interventional studies that investigate the effect of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on bone health, also taking into account the possible CV side-effects. We also provide molecular insights on the effect of calcium plus vitamin D on the CV system.

scholarly journals Electrocution Stigmas in Organ Damage: The Pathological Marks

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Gelsomina Mansueto ◽  
Mario Di Napoli ◽  
Pasquale Mascolo ◽  
Anna Carfora ◽  
Pierluca Zangani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Organ Damage ◽  
Pathological Findings ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Morphological Findings ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Autopsy Series ◽  
Golden Standard ◽  
Wide Variability

Background: Diagnostic criteria for electrocution related death are still a challenge in forensic pathology and it seems that the electrical mark is the only reliable evidence. Methods: A comparison of histological and morphological findings of skin and internal organs from an autopsy series of electrocution deaths with those mostly reported in literature as representative for electrocution. Results: The morphological changes of heart, brain and other main internal organs are still unspecific. Organ’s damage observed in electrocution deaths shows a wide variability, not reliable for a certain diagnosis of electrocution. The electrical mark is still the golden standard for diagnosis of electrocution. Conclusions: In electrocution related deaths, pathological findings of the main internal organs are not enough evidence to support with certainty a post-mortem diagnosis that a victim suffered an electrical damage. Although the organ histological changes are undoubtedly the starting point for a better understanding of the fatal even, the diagnosis of death from electrical damage is still a dark and unsolved chapter. The electrical mark still represents a fundamental indicator above all in the medical-legal field, but the identification of pathognomonic elements and signs not limited to the skin alone could be a valid help in the future, especially in unclear cases.

scholarly journals Racial differences in calculated bioavailable vitamin D with vitamin D/calcium supplementation

AIDS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (17) ◽  
pp. 2337-2344 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael T. Yin ◽  
Ellen S. Chan ◽  
Todd T. Brown ◽  
Pablo Tebas ◽  
Grace A. McComsey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Bioavailable Vitamin D

A perspective on role of calcium and vitamin D in cardiovascular outcomes and lipid profile

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tarun Arora ◽  
Harmeet Singh Rehan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
The Past ◽  
Vitamin D Supplements

AbstractRecent concerns on increased incidence of myocardial infarction and stroke on administration of calcium and vitamin D supplements have alarmed the physicians about safety of these drugs. Although both calcium and vitamin D have been shown in the past to have beneficial effect on cardiovascular disease status through lowering of harmful lipids, these findings have been contradicted by some recent meta-analysis and randomized controlled trials that have shown no beneficial or in some cases a deteriorating effect of these supplements on lipid levels. In particular, calcium supplementation has been associated more with increased incidence of cardiovascular morbidity than vitamin D, but the convincing proof is still lacking. Here we have highlighted the results of some significant studies that might impact the prescription of these drugs.

The Effect of Calcium or Calcium and Vitamin D Supplementation on Bone Mineral Density in Healthy Males: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 510-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie N. Silk ◽  
David A. Greene ◽  
Michael K. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Calcium Supplementation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Healthy Males

Research examining the preventative effects of calcium and vitamin D supplementation has focused on children and females, leaving the effects on male bone mineral density (BMD) largely unexplored. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the efficacy of calcium supplementation, with or without vitamin D for improving BMD in healthy males. Medline, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Academic Search Complete, CINHAHL Plus and PubMed databases were searched for studies including healthy males which provided participants calcium supplementation with or without vitamin D and used changes to BMD as the primary outcome measure. Between trial standardized mean differences of percentage change from baseline in BMD of femoral neck, lumbar spine, total body and total hip sites were calculated. Nine studies were included in the systematic review with six references totaling 867 participants contributing to the meta-analysis. Significant pooled effects size (ES) for comparison between supplementation and control groups were found at all sites included in the meta-analysis. The largest effect was found in total body (ES = 0.644; 95% CI = 0.406–0.883; p < .001), followed by total hip (ES = 0.483, 95% CI= 0.255–0.711, p < .001), femoral neck (ES = 0.402, 95% CI = 0.233–0.570, p = .000) and lumbar spine (ES = 0.306, 95% CI = 0.173–0.440, p < .001). Limited evidence appears to support the use of calcium and vitamin D supplementation for improving BMD in older males. There is a need for high quality randomized controlled trials, especially in younger and middle-aged male cohorts and athletic populations to determine whether supplementation provides a preventative benefit.

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