Responsible Fishmeal Consumption and Alternatives in the Face of Climate Changes

As part of the Changing the Face of the Mediterranean Project, we consider how human pressure and concomitant erosion has affected a range of Mediterranean landscapes between the Neolithic and, in some cases, the post-medieval period. Part of this assessment comprises an investigation of relationships among palaeodemographic data, evidence for vegetation change and some consideration of rapid climate change events. The erosion data include recent or hitherto unpublished work from the authors. Where possible, we consider summed probabilities of 14C dates as well as the first published synthesis of all known optically stimulated luminescence dated sequences. The results suggest that while there were some periods when erosion took place contemporaneously across a number of regions, possibly induced by climate changes, more often than not, we see a complex and heterogeneous interplay of demographic and environmental changes that result in a mixed pattern of erosional activity across the Mediterranean.

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Analysis of Recent Climatic Changes in the Arabian Gulf Region

Environmental Conservation ◽

10.1017/s0376892900023006 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 223-226 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Hassan A. Nasrallah ◽

Robert C. Balling

Keyword(s):

Climate Changes ◽

Climate Models ◽

Global Climate ◽

Arabian Gulf ◽

Past Century ◽

Climatic Data ◽

Gulf Region ◽

The Past ◽

The Face ◽

Small Decline

Within the past few years, interest in climate change has increased dramatically in the face of the many apocalyptic predictions associated with the highly-popularized ‘greenhouse’ effect. Accordingly, scientists have produced many studies based on global, hemispheric, and regional, climatic data-bases. While most of the regional studies have been based on data from North America, Europe, and Australia, little research has been conducted in other areas of the world that have an equal (or greater) economic and climatic stake in the ‘greenhouse’ debate. In this investigation, we analyse the climatic records of the Arabian Gulf area in an attempt to identify recent changes that may or may not be related to any ‘greenhouse’ effects.The observed climate changes over the past century in the Arabian Gulf area include (a) an increase in temperature of 0.65°C, (b) warming in summer and little or no warming in winter, (c) no warming in the first 60 years of record but accelerated warming in the most recent 40 years, and (d) a small decline in precipitation. In many cases, the results are unlike those found in the analysis of Northern Hemispheric and/or global climate records. However, many of these observed climate changes in the Arabian Gulf area are broadly consistent with 2×CO2 predictions from various numerical climate models. We hope that the analyses presented in this investigation will aid decisionmakers in their difficult policymaking activities.

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Could Protected Areas in Brazil’s Semi-Arid Conserve Endangered Birds Facing Climatic and Land Cover Changes?

Biodiversidade Brasileira - BioBrasil ◽

10.37002/biobrasil.v10i2.1469 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 50-70

Author(s):

Tiago Castro Silva ◽

Lara Gomes Côrtes ◽

Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Land Cover ◽

Protected Areas ◽

Land Cover Change ◽

Ecological Niche ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Global Climate ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

The Face

Protected areas act as pillars on which conservation strategies are built. Besides human activities, global climate changes are an additional concern to species’ conservation. In northeastern Brazil, climate change should lead to a replacement of the current native vegetation by semi-desert vegetation. This study evaluates whether the protected areas of the Caatinga can contribute to the maintenance of suitable climatic conditions for endangered birds over time in the face of global climate changes and land cover change. We used ecological niche models as input layers in a spatial prioritization program, in which stability indices were used to weight the targets. Results predicted that most taxa (18) will have their suitability lowered in the future, and all taxa (23) will have their ecological niche geographically displaced. However, our results showed that the Caatinga’s protected areas system integrated with a set of priority areas can maintain suitable climatic conditions for endangered birds in the face of climate change and land cover change. On average, Caatinga’s protected areas system could protect climatic stability areas at least 1.7 times greater than the scenarios without it. This reinforces the importance of protected areas as a biodiversity conservation strategy.  

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Biodiversity of the Arctic Ocean in the Face of Climate Change

Papers on Global Change IGBP ◽

10.2478/v10190-010-0007-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 89-91

Author(s):

Jan Węsławski

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Arctic Ocean ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Biological Diversity ◽

Global Climate ◽

The Arctic ◽

Arctic Seas ◽

Global Climate Changes ◽

The Arctic Ocean ◽

The Face

Biodiversity of the Arctic Ocean in the Face of Climate Change Global climate changes which has been observed over the recent years affects organisms occurring in the Arctic seas and the functioning of the whole maritime ecosystems there. The research note presents and briefly analyses the biological diversity of the Arctic Ocean and the most important factors which change the relations between organisms and the environment in the Arctic.

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Wood and bark water content and monthly stem growth in Amazonian tree species

Acta Amazonica ◽

10.1590/1809-4392202100754 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 363-369

Author(s):

Daniela Pereira DIAS ◽

Ricardo Antonio MARENCO

Keyword(s):

Water Content ◽

Wood Density ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Carbon Allocation ◽

Core Sample ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Bark Tissue ◽

The Face ◽

Stem Water ◽

Amazonian Trees

ABSTRACT The knowledge of how trees respond to microclimate variability is important in the face of climate changes. The objectives of this study were to examine the variation in wood water content (WWC) and bark water content (BWC) in Amazonian trees, as well as to assess the effect of microclimatic variability on monthly diameter growth rates (DGR). We extracted a core sample from each of 120 trees (28 species) and determined WWC and BWC on a fresh matter basis. DGR was measured monthly during the 12 months of 2007. The effect of microclimatic variability on DGR was analyzed by redundancy analysis. Average BWC and WWC were 53.4% and 34.7%, respectively, with a large variation in stem water content among species (BWC = 36.2−67.1%; WWC = 26.4−50.8%). There was no significant relationship between stem diameter and WWC or BWC, nor between DGR and wood density (p > 0.05). However, wood density was negatively correlated with WWC (r s = −0.69, p < 0.001). The high BWC emphasizes the importance of the bark tissue in Amazonian trees. Contrary to expectations, variability of monthly irradiance, rainfall and temperature had no effect on DGR (p > 0.20). The unresponsiveness of DGR to microclimatic variability, even in an above-average rainy year such as 2007, indicates that other parts of the tree may have greater priority than the stem for carbon allocation during the dry season.

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Corporate and environmental risk disclosure in the face of climate changes and global warming

Revista de Contabilidade e Organizações ◽

10.11606/rco.v7i17.56691 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (17) ◽

pp. 98-114

Author(s):

Euridice S. M. de Andrade ◽

José P. Cosenza ◽

Luiz P. Rosa

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Climate Changes ◽

Risk Disclosure ◽

The Face

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Why do people believe in a zero-sum economy?

Behavioral and Brain Sciences ◽

10.1017/s0140525x18000389 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Samuel G. B. Johnson

Keyword(s):

Perspective Taking ◽

Evolutionary Model ◽

Everyday Experience ◽

Coalitional Psychology ◽

The Face ◽

Zero Sum

AbstractZero-sum thinking and aversion to trade pervade our society, yet fly in the face of everyday experience and the consensus of economists. Boyer & Petersen's (B&P's) evolutionary model invokes coalitional psychology to explain these puzzling intuitions. I raise several empirical challenges to this explanation, proposing two alternative mechanisms – intuitive mercantilism (assigning value to money rather than goods) and errors in perspective-taking.

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Mars: was There an Ancient Eden?

International Astronomical Union Colloquium ◽

10.1017/s025292110001472x ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 161 ◽

pp. 203-218 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Tobias C. Owen

Keyword(s):

Positive Answer ◽

Biogenic Elements ◽

Habitable Zones ◽

The Face ◽

The Origin Of Life ◽

Early Mars ◽

Favorable Conditions ◽

Open Question ◽

Rocky Planets ◽

Impact Erosion

AbstractThe clear evidence of water erosion on the surface of Mars suggests an early climate much more clement than the present one. Using a model for the origin of inner planet atmospheres by icy planetesimal impact, it is possible to reconstruct the original volatile inventory on Mars, starting from the thin atmosphere we observe today. Evidence for cometary impact can be found in the present abundances and isotope ratios of gases in the atmosphere and in SNC meteorites. If we invoke impact erosion to account for the present excess of129Xe, we predict an early inventory equivalent to at least 7.5 bars of CO2. This reservoir of volatiles is adequate to produce a substantial greenhouse effect, provided there is some small addition of SO2(volcanoes) or reduced gases (cometary impact). Thus it seems likely that conditions on early Mars were suitable for the origin of life – biogenic elements and liquid water were present at favorable conditions of pressure and temperature. Whether life began on Mars remains an open question, receiving hints of a positive answer from recent work on one of the Martian meteorites. The implications for habitable zones around other stars include the need to have rocky planets with sufficient mass to preserve atmospheres in the face of intensive early bombardment.

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Evidence for a shear mechanism for the precipitation of γ-zirconium hydride in zirconium

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s042482010011043x ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 658-659

Author(s):

G.J.C. Carpenter

Keyword(s):

Elevated Temperature ◽

Strain Field ◽

Zirconium Hydride ◽

Zirconium Atom ◽

Atom Diffusion ◽

Solvus Temperature ◽

Hexagonal Close Packed ◽

Partial Dislocations ◽

The Face

In zirconium-hydrogen alloys, rapid cooling from an elevated temperature causes precipitation of the face-centred tetragonal (fct) phase, γZrH, in the form of needles, parallel to the close-packed <1120>zr directions (1). With low hydrogen concentrations, the hydride solvus is sufficiently low that zirconium atom diffusion cannot occur. For example, with 6 μg/g hydrogen, the solvus temperature is approximately 370 K (2), at which only the hydrogen diffuses readily. Shears are therefore necessary to produce the crystallographic transformation from hexagonal close-packed (hep) zirconium to fct hydride.The simplest mechanism for the transformation is the passage of Shockley partial dislocations having Burgers vectors (b) of the type 1/3<0110> on every second (0001)Zr plane. If the partial dislocations are in the form of loops with the same b, the crosssection of a hydride precipitate will be as shown in fig.1. A consequence of this type of transformation is that a cumulative shear, S, is produced that leads to a strain field in the surrounding zirconium matrix, as illustrated in fig.2a.

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A study of interface sliding at F.C.C.-B.C.C. boundaries in a Cu-Zn alloy

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100109252 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 36 (1) ◽

pp. 422-423

Author(s):

F. Monchoux ◽

A. Rocher ◽

J.L. Martin

Keyword(s):

Face Centered Cubic ◽

Creep Tests ◽

High Voltage Electron Microscopy ◽

Diffusion Treatment ◽

Voltage Electron ◽

The Face ◽

Face Centered ◽

Interface Sliding ◽

Zn Alloy ◽

Made In

Interphase sliding is an important phenomenon of high temperature plasticity. In order to study the microstructural changes associated with it, as well as its influence on the strain rate dependence on stress and temperature, plane boundaries were obtained by welding together two polycrystals of Cu-Zn alloys having the face centered cubic and body centered cubic structures respectively following the procedure described in (1). These specimens were then deformed in shear along the interface on a creep machine (2) at the same temperature as that of the diffusion treatment so as to avoid any precipitation. The present paper reports observations by conventional and high voltage electron microscopy of the microstructure of both phases, in the vicinity of the phase boundary, after different creep tests corresponding to various deformation conditions.Foils were cut by spark machining out of the bulk samples, 0.2 mm thick. They were then electropolished down to 0.1 mm, after which a hole with thin edges was made in an area including the boundary

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