Mini review of parasitoids of insect pest in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 043-052
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Fiber Production ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Economic Income

In the process of manipulating agroecosystems, man adopts strategies that often conflict with those of the nature by imposing its interests and objectives to increase the food and fiber production. As a result, populations of certain species of herbivores, such as insects and mites phytophagous, become numerically so high that they damage the crops to the point of reducing their productivity and, consequently, their economic income. The aim of the mini review is to provide a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera collected from insect pests in Brazil. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the genera, and species (Taxonomic groups). A bibliographic search was carried out that contained papers published from 1998 to June 2021. The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás from March to June 2021 using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. Thus, biological control aims to reduce the population level of a species classified as a pest, keeping it below the level in which it is capable of causing economic harm.

scholarly journals Myco-Biocontrol of Insect Pests: Factors Involved, Mechanism, and Regulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sardul Singh Sandhu ◽  
Anil K. Sharma ◽  
Vikas Beniwal ◽  
Gunjan Goel ◽  
Priya Batra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Chemical Inputs ◽  
Chemical Pesticides

The growing demand for reducing chemical inputs in agriculture and increased resistance to insecticides have provided great impetus to the development of alternative forms of insect-pest control. Myco-biocontrol offers an attractive alternative to the use of chemical pesticides. Myco-biocontrol agents are naturally occurring organisms which are perceived as less damaging to the environment. Their mode of action appears little complex which makes it highly unlikely that resistance could be developed to a biopesticide. Past research has shown some promise of the use of fungi as a selective pesticide. The current paper updates us about the recent progress in the field of myco-biocontrol of insect pests and their possible mechanism of action to further enhance our understanding about the biological control of insect pests.

scholarly journals Biology and Use of Entomopathogenic Nematodes in Insect Pests Biocontrol, A Generic View

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Standard Equipment ◽  
Environmentally Safe

AbstractThe development of resistance to synthetic insecticides is one of the driving forces for changes in insect pest management. Governments regulatory bodies are in favour of environmentally safe chemicals with low toxicity, short-term persistence, and limited effects on non-target organisms as predominantly requirements for pesticides registration. Biological control can be considered as a powerful tool and one of the most important alternative control measure providing environmentally safe and sustainable plant protection. The success of biological control will depend on understanding the adaptation and establishment of applied biological control agents in agricultural ecosystems. Microbial pathogens and arthropod biocontrol agents, entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) have been successfully used in agricultural systems. They are highly virulent, killing their hosts quickly and can be cultured easilyin vivoorin vitro.They are safe for non-target vertebrates and for the environment, and production costs have been significantly reduced in recent times as they are mass produced in liquid media. Moreover, no difficulties to apply EPNs as they are easily sprayed using standard equipment and can be combined with almost all chemical control compounds. EPNs are widely used to control economically important insect pests in different farming systems: from fruit orchards, cranberry bogs and turf grass to nurseries and greenhouses. The use of EPNs for biocontrol began only in early 1980s and involved a step-by-step scientific and technical development. Mass production of the nematodes played a key role in the commercially development of insect pests control with nematodes.

Nematodes and the Biological Control of Insect Pests

1993 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Public Concern ◽  
Alternative Control ◽  
Insect Pest Control ◽  
Biological Control Of Insects ◽  
Increasing Demand

Environmental and public health problems arising from the use of chemical insecticides have led to an increasing demand for alternatives for insect pest control. Together with this, widespread public concern resulting in governmental bans on many of the most effective insecticides and development of insecticide resistance has severely reduced the range of useful insecticides available. Alternative control measures such as the biological control of pest insects with parasitoids and predators and microbial biocides have been in field use for several decades. Although these alternatives are being continually improved, most insect pests are nonetheless still controlled with chemical insecticides. This book presents the latest work on the biological control of insects using nematodes; it covers a range of topics that will help provide a better understanding of the potential problems involved in developing these nematodes as biological control agents. Nematodes infect hundreds of different species from most orders of insects and affect their insect hosts in a variety of ways.

Natural enemies and forest pest management

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 500-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Nealis
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Forest Environment ◽  
Forest Insect ◽  
Forest Practices

Forest insect pest management differs from pest management in other renewable-resource industries because of the relative complexity and stability of the forest environment. An important component of this complexity is the rich fauna of natural enemies attacking most forest insect pests. Understanding the relationship between forest insect pests and their natural enemies would permit better insight into the dynamics of pest populations.The active release of natural enemies in inoculative or inundative release strategies is a direct application of biological control to pest management. The conservation of resident natural enemies is an indirect biological control method with great potential. Knowledge of the ecology of natural enemies can be used to modify other forest practices such as reforestation and insecticide use to conserve or enhance the action of natural enemies.

Classical Biological Control and Insect Conservation: Are They Compatible?

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Samways
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Extreme Caution ◽  
Economic Method ◽  
Biotic Diversity ◽  
Exotic Pests ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Endangered Status

Exotic insect pests worldwide are many. They are accidental biotic contaminants. Classical biological control (CBC) agents can be considered as deliberately introduced biotic contaminants that, when successful, reduce the overall biomass of contamination and often bring considerable self-sustaining economic relief to farming communites.Although the introduction of exotic agents would seem to be contrary to conservation philosophy, there are no quantified instances to date where the introduction of arthropod agents has been shown to have harmed a specific conservation programme or has been categorically damaging to native fauna. There is only limited anecdotal evidence that introduced parasitoids may have damaged certain specific native taxa. CBC in some cases actually assists conservation by reducing the level of exotic pests in nature reserves.As CBC is an important socio-economic method of pest control, especially for tropical farmers, and as the taxonomic groups and life-histories of its targets are so different from those insects of endangered status, the two approaches are not in conflict. But as CBC is virtually irretrievable, it must continue to be carried out carefully and selectively only by truly responsible CBC agencies using appropriate quarantine facilities.Tourists and general travellers pose a greater threat to native faunas than do the activities of such CBC agencies. It is well known that vertebrate agents and certain invertebrates, especially snails, can be devastating to certain native biotas. Additionally, and in view of the impending world-wide biotic diversity crisis, even traditional agents such as insect pathogens, insect parasitoids, and insect and mite predators, should be viewed with extreme caution—especially when oligophagous, and unquestionably when polyphagous.

scholarly journals The Pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana on Diatraea centrella Larva of Sugarcane in Guyana

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basantie Sukhu ◽  
Gomathinayagam Subramanian ◽  
Abdullah Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Short Period

Sugarcane is a highly beneficial crop grown worldwide and is greatly influenced by numerous insect pests. These insect pests have adapted to the diversity of conditions under which sugarcane is grown thus causing a great degree of damage to the crop. These insect pests feed on different parts of the sugarcane. For instance, the early shoot borer attacks the cane before internode formation, while the internode borer feeds after internode formation, the foliar pest feeds on the leaves and some would feed on the rootstalks.Guyana has large areas of land which are free of agricultural chemicals and thus are suitable for organic farming. Organic farming is practiced in Guyana on a small scale. However, crops such as cocoa, pineapple and heart of palm have already been grown organically for export. Similarly, like organic farming, biological control of pests and diseases is also encouraged worldwide. Biological control in agriculture is a method of controlling pests such as insects, weeds and diseases by using natural enemies such as predators, parasites, herbivores, or any other natural mechanisms. In addition, like organic farming biological controls are also ecologically friendly and are very effective. Both approaches (organic farming and biological control) are significant since the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers would be eliminated, thus reducing health issues in the environment and of consumers.                This research work is on the pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana on the insect pest Diatraea centrella larva of sugarcane in Guyana. The entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana, is a promising control agent against many insect pests [1]. Beauveria bassiana is commonly found in soils worldwide and has a host range of over 700 insect species, including insects from the orders Lepidoptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera.  The research carried out focuses on the effect of Beauveria bassiana spores on Diatraea centrella larva and the rate at which these spores are effective, as well as the target site of infection of these spores on the larva.               The study conclusively proves that a higher number of Beauveria bassiana spores are more effective on Diatraea centrella larva in a short period of time and the dorsal, ventral and intestinal tissues of the Diatraea centrella larva are more susceptible to the spores of Beauveria bassiana. 

scholarly journals Prospects and Present Status and of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Arvind Kumar Keshari ◽  
B.K.C. Hari ◽  
Aashaq Hussain Bhat ◽  
M.M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Pest Suppression ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Mutualistic Association

Naturally occurring entomopathogenic nematodes(EPN) and their symbiotic bacteria are important biotic factor in suppression of insect pest populations in soil and cryptic habitats. These nematodes can control pests due to their mutualistic association with bacteria that kill the hosts by septicemia and make the environment favorable for EPN development and reproduction.The virulent species of EPN can commercially be mass produced as biological control agents all over the world. Nepal  has a great potential to exploit these beneficial nematodes for the control of insect pests. Exploration of indigenous EPN is receiving attention around th eworld. Numerous surveys conducted worldwide have detected many indigenous isolates. Altogether 115 species of EPN (97 of Steinernema and 18 of Heterorhabdits species) have been reported so far worldwide. However, very limited research on EPN in Nepal has been done with 29 species only with some new species. Hence,the isolation and description of the native efficacious species and populationsof EPN is the need of the hour,not only from a biodiversity view point but also from an environmental and biological control perspective.Thei dentification of EPNs, adapted to environmental and climatic conditions of cultivated areas, is important for sustainable pest suppression in integrated management programs in agricultural areas of Nepal. This article provides an overview of recent development on EPN research and evaluates their potential for use and exploitation in Nepal.

scholarly journals Bioprotection - getting the most out of biological control in pasture pest management

2002 ◽  
pp. 139-142
Author(s):  
T.A. Jackson ◽  
A.J. Popay ◽  
S.L. Goldson
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Pest Damage ◽  
Forage Value ◽  
Control Insect

Pasture damage from insect pests is an increasing concern with rising forage value and biosecurity breaches. At the same time options for traditional chemical control of pests are becoming limited. Biological control of insect pests is important in limiting pest damage, with toxin-producing endophytes, parasitoids and insect diseases the key components limiting insect pest populations and damage in pastures. We are proposing a bioprotection strategy for pasture pest management that maximises the benefit of biocontrol and changes the emphasis from curative to preventative action in the protection of pastures from damaging pests. Keywords: bioprotection, biological control, insect pests, pest management

scholarly journals A Review of Interactions between Insect Biological Control Agents and Semiochemicals

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anamika Sharma ◽  
Ramandeep Kaur Sandhi ◽  
Gadi V. P. Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Enemies ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pheromones ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Trap Crops

Biological control agents and semiochemicals have become essential parts of the integrated pest management of insect pests over recent years, as the incorporation of semiochemicals with natural enemies and entomopathogenic microbials has gained significance. The potential of insect pheromones to attract natural enemies has mainly been established under laboratory conditions, while semiochemicals from plants have been used to attract and retain natural enemies in field conditions using strategies such as trap crops and the push–pull mechanism. The best-known semiochemicals are those used for parasitoids–insect pest–plant host systems. Semiochemicals can also aid in the successful dispersal of entomopathogenic microbials. The use of semiochemicals to disseminate microbial pathogens is still at the initial stage, especially for bacterial and viral entomopathogens. Future studies should focus on the integration of semiochemicals into management strategies for insects, for which several semiochemical compounds have already been studied. More effective formulations of microbial agents, such as granular formulations of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs), along with bio-degradable trap materials, could improve this strategy. Furthermore, more studies to evaluate species-specific tactics may be needed, especially where more than one key pest is present.

Mini review of parasitoids collected in biomes and morphoclimatic domains in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 001-019
Author(s):  
Carlos Henrique Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Pest Control ◽  
Araucaria Forest ◽  
Bibliographic Search ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

In Brazil we can find six types of biomes: Amazon, Atlantic Forest, Cerrado, Caatinga, Pampa, Pantanal, and two morphoclimatic domains: the Araucaria Forest the Mata from Cocais. Our biomes and morphoclimatic domains are important not only as natural resources in our country but stand out as environments of great natural wealth on the planet. The aim of this study is to describe the parasitoids collected in Brazilian biomes. The mini review consists of a bibliographic summary of parasitoids of the Order Hymenoptera parasitoids collected in the following Biomes and morphoclimatic domain in Brazil. The research was carried out in studies related to the theme with emphasis on the quantitative aspects of the superfamily, family, subfamilies, genera, and species (Taxonomic groups). A bibliographic search was carried out that contained papers published from 2006 to June 2021.The mini review was prepared in Goiânia, Goiás from March to June 2021using the Electronic Scientific Library Online (Scielo) and internet. This biodiversity can offer unique opportunity for pest control in both Brazil and other countries, due to the identification of new organisms with potential to be used in biological control.

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