scholarly journals ESTIMATIVA DA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA PARA BOTUCATU-SP POR MEIO DE MODELOS DE REGRESSÃO

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Cristina Rodrigues Sarnighausen ◽  
Francielly Guieiro Gomes ◽  
Alexandre Dal Pai ◽  
Sergio Augusto Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

A evapotranspiração (ET) é um parâmetro agrometeorológico importante para o manejo de irrigação, zoneamento agroclimático e gestão de recursos hídricos. O modelo padrão de estimativa, parametrizado pela Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO-56), é o de Penman-Monteith e utiliza o saldo de radiação como variável de entrada, cujas medidas nem sempre estão disponíveis nas estações meteorológicas do país. A busca por ajustes aos modelos e alternativas para a estimativa de ET é frequente na literatura, a fim de identificar modelos que utilizem dados de entrada de fácil aquisição, como temperaturas máximas e mínimas. Em vista da necessidade de simplificar a estimativa de evapotranspiração, este artigo tem por objetivo utilizar variáveis meteorológicas de fácil aquisição como temperatura, umidade relativa do ar, velocidade do vento e precipitação para estimar a evapotranspiração de referência diária de Botucatu-SP. Modelos de regressão lineares múltiplos, com interação e termos polinomiais, e dinâmicas, admitindo defasagem no tempo, foram utilizados para obter o modelo de predição, considerando um nível de significância de 5%. Por meio dos índices de desempenho estatísticos utilizados foi possível identificar um modelo cujo ajuste é considerado aceitável para épocas em que a umidade relativa é igual ou superior a 76%. Sendo assim, são necessários estudos para incorporar ao modelo o efeito de sazonalidade em relação à previsão de ETo, a fim de fazer uso de modelos cujas variáveis sejam disponíveis em estações meteorológicas.

Food waste and dynamic complex systems: The case of Peru and a solution model proposal Part 1: Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos A Almenara
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Revenue Management ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Intelligent Systems ◽  
Solution Model ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Engraulis Ringens ◽  
The United Nations

[THE MANUSCRIPT IS A DRAFT] According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2020), food waste and losses comprises nearly 1.3 billion tonnes every year, which equates to around US$ 990 billion worldwide. Ironically, over 820 million people do not have enough food to eat (FAO, 2020). This gap production-consumption puts in evidence the need to reformulate certain practices such as the controversial monocropping (i.e., growing a single crop on the same land on a yearly basis), as well as to improve others such as revenue management through intelligent systems. In this first part of a series of articles, the focus is on the Peruvian anchoveta fish (Engraulis ringens).

To the Empire and Beyond

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Organic Farmers ◽  
Southern Rhodesia ◽  
The Government ◽  
Second World

This chapter traces the expansion of industrial agricultural methods after the Second World War. Western governments and the Food and Agriculture Organization pushed for increased use of chemical fertilizers to aid development and resist Soviet encroachment. Meanwhile small groups of organic farmers and gardeners adopted Howard’s methods in the Anglo-sphere and elsewhere in the world. European movements paralleled these efforts and absorbed the basic principles of the Indore Method. British parliament debated the merits of organic farming, but Howard failed to persuade the government to adopt his policies. Southern Rhodesia, however, did implement his ideas in law. Desiccation theory aided his attempts in South Africa and elsewhere, and Louise Howard, after Albert’s death, kept alive a wide network of activists with her publications.

scholarly journals Ensuring Agricultural Sustainability through Remote Sensing in the Era of Agriculture 5.0

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 5911
Author(s):  
Vanesa Martos ◽  
Ali Ahmad ◽  
Pedro Cartujo ◽  
Javier Ordoñez
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Information Acquisition ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Structural Parameters ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
World Population ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Zero Hunger

Timely and reliable information about crop management, production, and yield is considered of great utility by stakeholders (e.g., national and international authorities, farmers, commercial units, etc.) to ensure food safety and security. By 2050, according to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) estimates, around 70% more production of agricultural products will be needed to fulfil the demands of the world population. Likewise, to meet the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially the second goal of “zero hunger”, potential technologies like remote sensing (RS) need to be efficiently integrated into agriculture. The application of RS is indispensable today for a highly productive and sustainable agriculture. Therefore, the present study draws a general overview of RS technology with a special focus on the principal platforms of this technology, i.e., satellites and remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), and the sensors used, in relation to the 5th industrial revolution. Nevertheless, since 1957, RS technology has found applications, through the use of satellite imagery, in agriculture, which was later enriched by the incorporation of remotely piloted aircrafts (RPAs), which is further pushing the boundaries of proficiency through the upgrading of sensors capable of higher spectral, spatial, and temporal resolutions. More prominently, wireless sensor technologies (WST) have streamlined real time information acquisition and programming for respective measures. Improved algorithms and sensors can, not only add significant value to crop data acquisition, but can also devise simulations on yield, harvesting and irrigation periods, metrological data, etc., by making use of cloud computing. The RS technology generates huge sets of data that necessitate the incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data to extract useful products, thereby augmenting the adeptness and efficiency of agriculture to ensure its sustainability. These technologies have made the orientation of current research towards the estimation of plant physiological traits rather than the structural parameters possible. Futuristic approaches for benefiting from these cutting-edge technologies are discussed in this study. This study can be helpful for researchers, academics, and young students aspiring to play a role in the achievement of sustainable agriculture.

scholarly journals Strengthening implementation of antimicrobial resistance national action plans

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Anderson ◽  
K Schulze ◽  
A Cassini ◽  
D Plauchoras ◽  
E Mossialos
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Policy Design ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Monitoring And Evaluation ◽  
Basic Structure ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Action Plans ◽  
Governance Framework ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

Abstract Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major challenges of our time. Countries use national action plans as a mechanism to build engagement among stakeholders and coordinate a range of actions across human, animal, and environmental health. However, implementation of recommended policies such as stewardship of antimicrobials, infection prevention and control, and stimulating research and development of novel antimicrobials and alternatives remains inconsistent. Improving the quality of governance within antimicrobial resistance national action plans is an essential step to improving implementation. To date, no systematic approach to governance of national action plans on AMR exists. To address this issue, we aimed to develop the first governance framework to offer guidance for both the development and assessment of national action plans on AMR. We reviewed health system governance framework reviews to inform the basic structure of our framework, international guidance documents from WHO, the Food and Agriculture Organization, the World Organisation for Animal Health, and the European Commission, and sought the input of 25 experts from international organisations, government ministries, policy institutes, and academic institutions to develop and refine our framework. The framework consists of 18 domains with 52 indicators that are contained within three governance areas: policy design, implementation tools, and monitoring and evaluation. Countries must engage with a cyclical process of continuous design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation to achieve these aims.

scholarly journals Plasma and Urinary Amino Acid-Derived Catabolites as Potential Biomarkers of Protein and Amino Acid Deficiency in Rats

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1567
Author(s):  
Joanna Moro ◽  
Nadezda Khodorova ◽  
Daniel Tomé ◽  
Claire Gaudichon ◽  
Catherine Tardivel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Factorial Method ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Weanling Rats ◽  
Urinary Amino ◽  
One Way Anova

Objective: Dietary intakes must cover protein and essential amino acid (EAA) requirements. For this purpose, different methods have been developed such as the nitrogen balance method, factorial method, or AA tracer studies. However, these methods are either invasive or imprecise, and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO, 2013) recommends new methods and, in particular, metabolomics. The aim of this study is to determine total protein/EAA requirement in the plasma and urine of growing rats. Methods: 36 weanling rats were fed with diets containing 3, 5, 8, 12, 15, and 20% protein for 3 weeks. During experimentation, urine was collected using metabolic cages, and blood from the portal vein and vena was taken at the end of the experiment. Metabolomics analyses were performed using LC-MS, and the data were analyzed with a multivariate analysis model, partial least Squares (PLS) regression, and independent component-discriminant analysis (ICDA). Each discriminant metabolite identified by PLS or ICDA was tested by one-way ANOVA to evaluate the effect of diet. Results: PLS and ICDA allowed us to identify discriminating metabolites between different diet groups. Protein deficiency led to an increase in the AA catabolism enzyme systems inducing the production of breakdown metabolites in the plasma and urine. Conclusion: These results indicate that metabolites are specific for the state of EAA deficiency and sufficiency. Some types of biomarkers such as AA degradation metabolites appear to be specific candidates for protein/EAA requirement.

scholarly journals Analysis of Antioxidant and Antiallergic Active Components Extracted From the Edible Insect Oxya yezoensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2110233
Author(s):  
Masahiro Saiki ◽  
Naomichi Takemoto ◽  
Maki Nagata ◽  
Masako Matsumoto ◽  
Yhiya Amen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Soluble Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization

In recent years, entomophagy has attracted increased attention, as it was recommended as a potential source of food by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. In Japan, Oxya yezoensisis one of the most widely eaten insect species, but studies of its functionality as a food are limited. In this study, we reported the optimal characterization of the total phenolic compounds in methanolic extract (OME) and different fractions of OME. Additionally, the antioxidant and antiallergic activities of the OME fractions were evaluated. The results showed that the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of OME has potential antioxidant activity, whereas the n-hexane-soluble fraction showed the strongest inhibition of β-hexosaminidase, which is one of the key factors in allergic reactions. It was concluded that phenolic compounds might contribute to the antioxidant activity while unsaturated fatty acids contribute to the antiallergy activity.

Food and Agriculture Organization

1952 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-432
Keyword(s):  
Director General ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Sixth Session

The sixth session of the Food and Agriculture Organization Conference, held from November 19 to December 7, 1951 in Rome,1 elected Amintore Fanfani (Italy) chairman and reappointed Norris E. Dodd Director-General for an additional two-year period. On November 21, 1951 the conference voted to admit to FAO Argentina by 53 votes to 0, Japan by 47 votes to 0, Nepal by 49 votes to 1, and Laos by 44 votes to 2.

International Labor Organization

1956 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-318
Keyword(s):  
Community Development ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Community Organization ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Labor Organization ◽  
International Labor Organization ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
International Labor

The seventh session of the International Labor Organization (ILO) Asian Advisory Committee was held in Geneva on November 7 and 8, 1955, under the chairmanship of Mr. Maung Maung (government member, Burma). The session was attended by eight government members, four employers' members, and three workers' members, and by observers from the UN and the Food and Agriculture Organization. The Committee agreed that increased credit facilities for agriculture in Asia would contribute to social and economic progress in the region and might also help to increase the volume of international trade; there was need for wide and repid international action to deal with the problem, and it was suggested that the provision of such credit might be assisted through expended activities on the part of existing international financial agencies. The Committee endorsed a resolution adopted at the fifth session of the Permanent Agricultural Committee concerning the scope and nature of ILO contributies to international programs of action for community organization and development, emphasizing that the ILO should take an active part in conferences, seminars and study groups as well as in technical assistance projects designed to promote community development, and should stress the community development approach within its own program of work. In considering ways of accelerating economic development in Asian countries, the Committee emphasized the need for increased capital investment by countries with capital surpluses, so as to ensure that an increase in the rate of capital formation did not encroach on the level of current consumption.

Water-Reform Strategies in Iran's Agricultural Sector

2004 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 327-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Haghiri ◽  
Mohammad Karimkoshteh
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Specific Problem ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Reform Strategies ◽  
Following Instructions ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Water Reform ◽  
Country Specific

AbstractProviding sufficient water for various uses, in particular the agriculture sector, is one of the important problems that Iran faces. Following instructions of the UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Iran started considering its waterreform strategies to avoid water crises. No unique solutions can be drawn from other nations' experience since water crisis is a country-specific problem. Water-reform strategies are important, particularly when the multioriented purpose of sustainability in Iran's agricultural sector is of interest as well. The pros and cons of water-reform strategies are discussed in this paper.

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