scholarly journals AN APPROACH TO OPTIMISE THE SELECTION OF LNG CARRIERS’ PROPULSION SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
C. H. Marques ◽  
C. R. P. Belchior ◽  
J. -D. Caprace
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Tokyo Bay ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Synthesis Design ◽  
Cargo Capacity ◽  
Levels Of Service ◽  
Selection Of

Marine transport of natural gas, mostly in its liquid phase, is of growing importance in the global energy markets. The fleet of liquefied natural gas carriers is thereby increasing and being upgraded to enhance its performance. Since there is no well-defined procedure about how to perform the selection of the propulsion system considering the peculiarities of this kind of vessel, this work intend to fill this gap. In other words, the present article aims to propose an approach so that one can perform the optimised selection of liquefied natural gas carriers’ propulsion system mainly concerning financial aspects. Firstly, some fundamentals about liquefied natural gas and its transport are presented followed by reasons why the traditional steam turbine propulsion plant was abandoned and dual- fuel diesel engines have been applied instead. Then, a list of criteria is discussed and studies that inspired this work are summarised. A case study of a ship with cargo capacity of 174,000 m3 operating between Lake Charles and Tokyo Bay via Panama Canal is selected. Owing to this route and environmental rules, the ship has to travel at three different levels of service speed unlike ordinary ones, which usually keep a steady speed throughout voyage. Maximising the net present value of the project is the objective function that is intended to be achieved by optimising eleven variables regarding synthesis, design and operation of the propulsion system. Finally, it is suggested that this work may assist marine engineers and ship-owners to design and outline the operation of liquefied natural gas carriers.

Application of Gas Turbine/Compressors in LNG Plants

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 132-135
Author(s):  
T. T. Brown ◽  
J. K. Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Turbine Compressor ◽  
Selection Of

The objective of this paper is to discuss key considerations associated with selection of Gas Turbine Driven LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) Turbo Compressors. The selection of any compressor and the ultimate performance is greatly affected by the gas turbine driver chosen. The selection of gas turbine/compressor packages is even more critical when the compressor is to operate on refrigeration service such as in an LNG plant. The selection, performance and operation will be discussed for complete gas turbine compressor packages.

scholarly journals TECHNOECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF REFINING NIGERIAN LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS CONDENSATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
I.O Oseni ◽  
E.O Agbonghae ◽  
C.N Nwaozuzu
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Oil Price ◽  
Catalytic Reforming ◽  
Price Forecast ◽  
Technoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Light Oil ◽  
Pessimistic Scenario

Condensate refining is among the strategies proposed to solve the light oil glut around the globe. The Nigerian Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG), which is the Nigerian government’s best performing investment in the natural gas value chain, produces plant condensate as a by-product. In this paper, the economics of a refinery designed to use NLNG plant condensate is evaluated under an optimistic oil price forecast and a pessimistic oil price trend. A gasoline producing refinery configuration was chosen for this study, and it comprises of a naphtha splitter, a Penex isomerisation unit and a Continuous Catalytic Reforming (CCR) unit. The product yields and plant costs were determined by established correlations and industry estimates. The proposed refinery will convert 40,000 bpd plant condensate into 96% gasoline, 3% LPG and 1% hydrogen, and economic indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and Profitability Index (PI) were used to assess the economic viability of the refinery. The optimistic scenario of oil price forecast resulted in an NPV of $ 531.90 million, an IRR of 20.09% and a PI of 3.16, while the pessimistic scenario gave an NPV of $16.26 million, an IRR of 11.16% and a PI of 1.07. These results prove that a condensate refinery with the proposed configuration is economically feasible and interested investors in Nigeria’s refining space should explore this possibility.

scholarly journals Economic and Technological Analysis of Commercial LNG Production in the EU

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimír Hönig ◽  
Petr Prochazka ◽  
Michal Obergruber ◽  
Luboš Smutka ◽  
Viera Kučerová
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Security ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Technological Analysis ◽  
The Eu

There is a global need to increase the production of alternative sources of energy due to many issues related to conventional sources, such as environmental degradation or energy security. In this paper, decentralized liquefied natural gas production is analyzed. Liquefied natural gas, according to the analysis, can be considered a viable alternative even for decentralized applications Design and economic analysis of a small-scale biogas LNG plan together with the necessary technology and economic evaluation are presented in the paper. The results show that a project of the proposed size (EUR 3 million) offers a relatively good profitability level. Specifically, the net present value of the project is mostly positive (around EUR 0.1 million up to EUR 0.8 million). Therefore, based on the research, small LNG plants operating across the continent can be recommended for the processing of local sources of biogas.

scholarly journals SELECTING A LOCATION FOR A LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS TERMINAL IN THE EASTERN BALTIC SEA

Transport ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vygantas Bagočius ◽  
Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas ◽  
Zenonas Turskis
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Objective Data ◽  
Construction Sites ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The World ◽  
Criteria Weights ◽  
Selection Of

Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) industry is among the fastest growing energy market sectors. The gas terminal in Klaipėda allows Lithuania to import natural gas from various countries around the world. One of the most debatable subjects is the location of the future terminal. The problem pertaining to selection of construction sites for the LNG terminal should be investigated and solved using the set of multiple conflicting criteria. Many researchers argue that similar problems should be solved by applying several different Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) methods. The research presents the model for application of three different MCDM methods and aggregation of solution results for the problem, which is based both on different objective data and on investigation of expert opinions for determining subjective criteria weights for the problem.

scholarly journals Thermo-Economic Analysis on Integrated CO2, Organic Rankine Cycles, and NaClO Plant Using Liquefied Natural Gas

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2849
Author(s):  
Tri Tjahjono ◽  
Mehdi Ali Ehyaei ◽  
Abolfazl Ahmadi ◽  
Siamak Hoseinzadeh ◽  
Saim Memon
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Heat Source ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Organic Rankine Cycle ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Rankine Cycle ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas

The thermal energy conversion of natural gas (NG) using appropriate configuration cycles represents one of the best nonrenewable energy resources because of its high heating value and low environmental effects. The natural gas can be converted to liquefied natural gas (LNG), via the liquefaction process, which is used as a heat source and sink in various multigeneration cycles. In this paper, a new configuration cycle is proposed using LNG as a heat source and heat sink. This new proposed cycle includes the CO2 cycle, the organic Rankine cycle (ORC), a heater, a cooler, an NaClO plant, and reverse osmosis. This cycle generates electrical power, heating and cooling energy, potable water (PW), hydrogen, and salt all at the same time. For this purpose, one computer program is provided in an engineering equation solver for energy, exergy, and thermo-economic analyses. The results for each subsystem are validated by previous researches in this field. This system produces 10.53 GWh electrical energy, 276.4 GWh cooling energy, 1783 GWh heating energy, 17,280 m3 potable water, 739.56 tons of hydrogen, and 383.78 tons of salt in a year. The proposed system energy efficiency is 54.3%, while the exergy efficiency is equal to 13.1%. The economic evaluation showed that the payback period, the simple payback period, the net present value, and internal rate of return are equal to 7.9 years, 6.9 years, 908.9 million USD, and 0.138, respectively.

scholarly journals Selection of Effective Thermal Insulation Materials for a Liquefied Natural Gas Tanks

2021 ◽  
Vol 2096 (1) ◽  
pp. 012049
Author(s):  
O N Medvedeva ◽  
S D Perevalov
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Insulation Material ◽  
Optimal Thickness ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Insulation Materials ◽  
Technological Facility ◽  
Cryogenic Tanks ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The object of the research is an isothermal tank container for storage and transportation of liquefied natural gases, which requires special operating conditions and is related to a technological facility of increased danger. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the type and thickness of the insulating material to reduce the losses of liquefied natural gas during storage and transportation. Based on the results of the analysis, effective insulation materials were selected for use in cryogenic tanks for isothermal storage of LNG, the optimal thickness of the insulation material was determined, which provides the required level of losses for gas evaporation.

scholarly journals Application of ASME Section VIII Division 3 to Compressed Natural Gas Transport

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Robert Sims
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Composite Fiber ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Marine Transport ◽  
Section Viii ◽  
Natural Gas Transport

Marine transport of liquefied natural gas (LNG) is well established and extensive precedents for the design of the ships and tanks exist. Fewer precedents exist for the transport of compressed natural gas (CNG). This paper describes the application of composite (fiber) wrapped pressure vessels constructed to the requirements of ASME Section VIII Division 3, Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels (Division 3) to pressure vessels for marine CNG transport. Since the density of CNG is much lower than the density of LNG, efficient transport requires that the pressure vessels be as light as possible while ensuring pressure integrity. The advantages of a composite fiber wrap and of Division 3 construction for this application will be discussed. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Ship systems for natural gas liquefaction

Pomorstvo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandar Vorkapić ◽  
Predrag Kralj ◽  
Dean Bernečić
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Liquefied Natural Gas ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Technological Processes ◽  
Natural Gas Liquefaction ◽  
Selection Of

This review describes the current liquefaction systems on ships for natural gas transportation in liquid form (Liquefied Natural Gas – LNG). Since in the construction of a gas carrier an essential requirement is the selection of a liquefaction system, this paper describes the principles of operation, thermal and technological processes, as well as the advantages of each system.

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