EFEITO DE TELAS DE SOMBREAMENTO NO CRESCIMENTO E PROTEÇÃO DE MUDAS DE Toona ciliata SOB BAIXAS TEMPERATURAS

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de diferentes camadas de telas de sombreamento no crescimento e na proteção de mudas de Toona ciliata em períodos de suscetibilidade a geadas. O estudo foi conduzido na Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Frederico Westphalen, RS. Para a realização do experimento, mudas de Toona ciliata foram mantidas em sacos plásticos com capacidade de três litros e submetidas a quatro tratamentos: mudas sem proteção e mudas sob proteção com camada simples, dupla e tripla de sombreamento. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado, com quatro repetições de oito mudas por repetição. Foi avaliado o número de mudas com folhas apicais necrosadas, a altura da parte aérea, o diâmetro do colo e a massa seca radicular, aérea e total. Por meio dessas variáveis, foi possível determinar o Índice de Produtividade, o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson e as relações altura/diâmetro e altura/massa seca da parte aérea. A utilização de telas de sombreamento mostrou-se eficiente para a proteção das mudas contra o efeito adverso da geada. O uso de uma camada simples de sombreamento resultou em maior proteção e consequentemente forneceu as melhores características dendrométricas em relação às demais intensidades de sombreamento.Palavras-chave: Tela de proteção; tolerância à geada; cedro australiano. AbstractEffect of shading screens on growth and protection of Toona ciliata seedlings under low temperatures. This research aimed to evaluate the influence of different shading screens layers on the growth and protection of Toona ciliata seedlings in periods of frost susceptibility. The research was conducted on the Santa Maria Federal University, Frederico Westphalen Campus, RS. For the experiment, Toona ciliata seedlings maintained in plastic bags with three liters of capacity each were submitted to four treatments: unprotected seedlings, seedlings under protection with a single shading layer, double and triple. The experimental design was the completely randomized, with four repetitions of eight seedlings each. It was evaluated the number of seedlings with necrosed apical leaves, the aerial part height, the lap diameter and the dry mass of root, aerial and total. By such variables, it was possible to determine the Produtivity Index, the Dickson Quality Index and the relations height/diameter and height/dry mass of aerial part. The use of shading screens showed up efficient to protect the seedlings against the adverse effect of frost. The use of a single layer of shading resulted in a greater protection and consequently provided the best dendrometric characteristics, compared to the others levels of shading.Keywords: Screen protection; tolerance to frost; Australian cedar.

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Growth and quality of Brazilian pine tree seedlings as affected by container type and volume

Ornamental Horticulture ◽

10.1590/2447-536x.v25i3.2059 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 276-286

Author(s):

Leandro Marcolino Vieira ◽

Erik Nunes Gomes ◽

Theodore Aaron Brown ◽

Valdeci Constantino ◽

Flavio Zanette

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Nonwoven Fabric ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Tree Seedlings ◽

Pine Tree ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Collar Diameter ◽

Root Collar ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Abstract Araucaria angustifolia (Bert.) O. Kuntze (Araucariaceae), commonly known as araucaria and Brazilian pine tree, can be grown for their edible pine nuts (pinhões), medicinal properties, and ornamental purposes. The aim was to assess the shoot and root growth and the overall quality of A. angustifolia seedlings grown in containers with different sizes, shapes and composition. Seeds were sowed in five containers: I – 126cm3 polypropylene cone-tainers (small cone-tainers); II – 290cm3 cone-tainers (large cone-tainers); III – 879cm3 polyethylene black bags; IV- 275 cm3 nonwoven fabric (TNT) containers (small TNT container) and; 493 cm3 nonwoven fabric (TNT) containers (large TNT container). Seedlings were evaluated 210 days after sowing, regarding the following variables: aboveground height (cm), root collar diameter (mm), shoot dry mass (g), roots dry mass (g), total dry mass (g), leaf area (cm2), roots area (cm2), roots volume (cm3), sturdiness quotient, root-shoot ratio and Dickson quality index. Height was superior for seedlings grown in the plastic bags (27.6 cm) and the large TNT containers (27.02 cm) when compared to the small and large cone-tainers (21.75 and 21.78 cm, respectively). Plastic bags also presented greater values of root-collar diameter, shoots, roots and total biomass and Dickson Quality index. Small and large TNT containers promoted lower root area and volume when compared to large polyethylene cone-tainers, but allowed for the same or better aboveground growth. Taking all results analyzed together, the polyethylene black bag promoted better growth and quality of Brazilian pine tree seedlings in comparison to the other containers.

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GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGY OF Balfourodendron riedelianum SEEDLINGS IN THE NURSERY AND IN THE FIELD

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i4.58804 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (4) ◽

pp. 763

Author(s):

Felipe Turchetto ◽

Jessé Caletti Mezzomo ◽

Maristela Machado Araujo ◽

Adriana Maria Griebeler ◽

Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽

Controlled Release ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Positive Influence ◽

Total Root Length ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Chlorophyll Index ◽

Dickson Quality Index

The present study aimed to determine the effect of different container volumes and doses of controlled release fertilizer (CRF) on the morphophysiological aspects of Balfourodendron riedelianum seedlings in the nursery and verify if these responses were replicated in the field. For the production of seedlings in nursery, three container volumes (180 and 280 cm³ polypropylene tubes and 500 cm³ plastic bags) and four doses of CRF (0, 4, 8, and 12 g L-1 of substrate) were tested, and the seedlings were grown for 240 days. At the end of the nursery period, the following parameters were measured: height (H); stem diameter (SD); dry mass of shoot, root, and total; root length; leaf area; and chlorophyll fluorescence. The H/SD ratio and the Dickson Quality Index were calculated. The same treatments were evaluated in the field at 540 days after planting. Survival, height, and diameter increase, aerial dry mass, leaf area, chlorophyll a fluorescence and chlorophyll index (a, b and total) were measured. Basic fertilization using CRF had a positive influence on the production of B. riedelianum seedlings. It is recommended to use a 180 cm³ tube and a dose of 12 g L-1 CRF for the production of seedlings. The results obtained in the nursery for the production of seedlings were confirmed to occur in the field.

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Growth and Quality of Genotype PS-1319 Cacao Seedlings Produced Under Different Irrigation Depths

Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.5539/jas.v11n16p238 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (16) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Stefany Sampaio Silveira ◽

Robson Prucoli Posse ◽

Sophia Machado Ferreira da Silva ◽

Vinicius de Souza Oliveira ◽

Francielly Valani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Quality Index ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Federal Institute ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Northwestern Region ◽

Cocoa Seedlings ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Due to the lack of information on the water demand of cocoa seedlings, empirical techniques have been used in the supply of water to the seedlings, potentializing losses in their growth and development. In this context, the present study aimed to determine the optimal irrigation depth for a good development of the genotype PS-1319 cocoa seedlings. The study took place at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo-Campus Itapina, located in the Colatina, a city situated in the northwestern region of the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in an experimental greenhouse of the campus, between October 20 and December 15, 2017. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) using 20 seedlings of the genotype PS-1319 cacao per treatment. The treatments consisted of daily applications of six irrigation depths, corresponding to 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 mm d-1, being evaluated their effects on the morphological parameters (leaf area; dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root system and total dry mass; height of the aerial part and stem diameter) and the quality (Dickson quality index). The applied depths interfered, both in the development and the quality of the seedlings, with quadratic adjustments for the leaf area, dry mass of the aerial part and total dry mass, diameter and for the Dickson quality index. The best responses to the studied parameters were provided by the 8.33 mm d-1 depth, which is recommended as an ideal for production of genotype PS-1319 cacao seedlings.

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Resposta de Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos em diferentes volumes de substrato e adubação de base.

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v50i4.65644 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 50 (4) ◽

pp. 1770

Author(s):

Thaise Da Silva TONETTO ◽

Maristela Machado Araujo ◽

Álvaro Luís Pasquetti Berghetti ◽

Márcio Carlos Navroski

Keyword(s):

Controlled Release ◽

Quality Index ◽

Lower Cost ◽

Dry Mass ◽

High Dose ◽

Native Forest ◽

Forest Species ◽

Definition Of ◽

Appropriate Practices ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Handroanthus heptaphyllus (Martius) Mattos response in different volumes of substrate and base fertilization. The native forest species require the adoption of appropriate practices in the nursery, such as the definition of the container volume and base fertilizer, to develop seedlings at lower cost. Thus, this study aimed to verify the performance of Handroanthus heptaphyllus seedlings grown in nurseries in different sizes of containers and different dosage of controlled release fertilizer (CRF). There was interaction between the volume of container and the fertilization for the height (H), stem diameter (SD), and H/SD relation. The shoot dry mass variable (SDM), root dry mass (RDM), total dry mass (TDM), SDM/RDM relation, Dickson quality index (DCI) and leaf area (LA) were influenced only by the base fertilizer. The highest values for these variables were, respectively, 15.68 cm; 6.55 mm, 2.58 cm mm-1; 2.05 g; 2.03 g; 3.84 g; 1.46; 1.15 and 246.97 cm². The H. heptaphyllus species is nutritionally demanding, positively responding to the high dose of CRF. Seedlings of H. heptaphyllus produced in tubes of 180 cm³ with 7.0 g L-1 of CRF present adequate growth.

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SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF Joannesia princeps Vell. SEEDS1

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000400010 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Rômulo André Beltrame ◽

José Carlos Lopes ◽

Julião Soares de Souza Lima ◽

Vagner Mauri Quinto

Keyword(s):

Spatial Distribution ◽

Root System ◽

Spatial Dependence ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Fresh Mass ◽

Plastic Bags ◽

Mother Plants ◽

Physiological Quality

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution of the attributes that determine the physiological quality of Joannesia princeps seeds. Seeds were collected, individually from, 40 mother plants in the Horto Florestal Municipal Laerth Paiva Gama, in Alegre-ES, which constituted the georeferenced sampling mesh. For germination, the seeds tegument was cracked and was held the imbibition in gibberellic acid GA3 500 mg L-1 for 24 h in environmental chamber with temperature adjusted to 30 ºC. The seeds were sown in plastic bags of ± 600 cm3 containing soil+sand+manure in the proportion of 1:1:1. On the 65th day after sowing, the following variables were analised: emergence (E), emergence speed index (IVE), root length (CR), diameter of base (DC), shoot length of the aerial part (CPA), fresh mass of the root system (MFSR), fresh mass of the aerial part (MFPA), dry mass of the root system (MSSR) and dry mass of the aerial part (MSPA). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics, geostatistics and kriging. With the exception of CPA and MFSR, it was found spatial dependence for the other studied variables: E, IVE, CR, DC, MFPA, MSSR e MSPA; varying of 14,0 a 47,5 m, so that the lowest range for the CR and longer range and degree of spatial dependence for the IVE. The analysis of the spatial distribution of the physiological quality of seeds of J. princeps can be used as a tool to define the sampling region of seeds with high and low vigor.

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Matrix management interfers in yield and quality of cocoa seedlings

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura ◽

10.1590/0100-29452018582 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Rafaela Alves Pereira ◽

Gedeon Almeida Gomes Júnior ◽

Eliandro Malta Rodrigues ◽

George Andrade Sodré ◽

Célio Kersul do Sacramento

Keyword(s):

Quality Index ◽

Quality Evaluation ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Experimental Unit ◽

Plant Management ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Cocoa Seedlings ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Abstract The influence of two managements on yield and quality of plagiotropic mini-cuttings of four cacao clones was evaluated. The design was completely randomized in a 4 x 2 factorial scheme with 4 clones x 2 mother plant management (apical pruning and bending), with 10 replicates and one plant as experimental unit. Seedlings used were propagated by rooting of semi-woody cuttings of plagiotropic branches and at seven months of age, two seedlings of each clone were transplanted to 12 L pots filled with organomineral substrate. After transplantation, the apex of one of the plants was cut based on the count of the first six leaves from the apex. For bending, stems were folded and horizontally fixed. The first collection of mini-cuttings was performed 30 days after transplantation and the others during the following seven months. The yield of mini-cuttings was estimated during collections and part was used for rooting and quality evaluation of seedlings. After 90 days, 10 mini-cuttings of each clone were evaluated for quality using the Dickson quality index (DQI). Another 10 rooted mini-cuttings were transplanted to 1.5 L polyethylene bags and kept in greenhouse for another 120 days until final quality evaluation at 210 days. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test at 5% probability. Shapiro-Wilk normality test and Pearson correlation analysis were performed. bending was more efficient in the average production of mini-cuttings especially for BN 34 clone. The Dickson quality index was correlated with root dry mass, at both 90 and 210 days, and the bending technique was responsible for the best DQI. Variable height was not adequate to estimate the quality of cocoa seedlings.

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Influência da Casca de Arroz Carbonizada no Desenvolvimento de Mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (VELL.) Morong

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽

10.17921/1415-5141.2018v22n2p76-80 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 76

Author(s):

Vinícius Moreira Vaz ◽

Douglas Santos Gonçalves ◽

Priscila Bezerra De Souza

Keyword(s):

Rice Husk ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Native Forest ◽

Seedling Production ◽

University Campus ◽

Forest Nursery ◽

Forest Species ◽

Shoot Height ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Entre as espécies florestais nativas indicadas para a recuperação de áreas degradas está o Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, pouco se sabe sobre os processos germinativos e de produção de mudas desta espécie. Diante disso, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a influência da casca de arroz carbonizada no desenvolvimento de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum. O experimento foi conduzido no Viveiro Florestal da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus Universitário de Gurupi – TO, em que foram instalados cinco tratamentos e 20 repetições, com adição de Casca de Arroz Carbonizada (CAC) no substrato comercial Bioflora® (SCB), nas proporções de (T1) 0% CAC + 100% SCB, (T2) 25% CAC + 75% SCB, (T3) 50% CAC + 50% SCB, (T4) 75% CAC + 25% SCB e (T5) 100% CAC. Aos 20, 40 e 60 dias, após a semeadura, foram avaliados os parâmetros altura da parte aérea e diâmetro do coleto. Ao final de 60 dias foram obtidos os parâmetros: peso da massa seca da raiz, peso da massa seca da parte aérea, peso da massa seca total e índice de qualidade de Dickson. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), as médias dos tratamentos foram comparadas através do Software Assistat 7.7 pelo teste Scott e Knott ao nível de 5% de probabilidade. O uso de casca de arroz carbonizada (CAC) influenciou no desenvolvimento de mudas de Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong. Palavras-chave: Substratos Alternativos. Tamboril. Viveiro Florestal AbstractAmong the native forest species indicated for the recovery of degraded areas is Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong, little is known about the germination processes and seedling production of this species. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the influence of carbonized rice husk on the development of Enterolobium contortisiliquum seedlings. The experiment was conducted in the Forest Nursery of the Federal University of Tocantins, University campus of Gurupi - TO, five treatments and 20 replicates were installed, with the addition of Carbonized Rice Peel (CAC) in the commercial substratum Bioflora ® (SCB), in proportions (T1) 0% CAC + 100% SCB, (T2) 25% CAC + 75% SCB, (T3) 50% CAC + 50% SCB, (T4) 75% CAC + 25% SCB and (T5) 100% CAC . At 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing, the parameters of shoot height and shoot diameter were evaluated. At the end of 60 days, the following parameters were obtained: root dry mass weight, shoot dry mass weight, total dry mass weight and Dickson quality index. The used experimental design was completely randomized (DIC), the means of the treatments were compared using Software Assistat 7.7 by the Scott and Knott test at the 5% probability level. The use of carbonized rice husk (CAC) influenced the development of Enterolobium contortisiliquum (Vell.) Morong seedlings. Keywords: Alternative Substrates. Monkfish. Forest Nursery

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Agricultural residues as substrates in the production of formosa papaya, okra and zucchini seedlings

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n6a2020-55378 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (6) ◽

Author(s):

Paola Lo Monaco ◽

Larissa Ionara Silva Paula ◽

Paola Honorato Salla ◽

Ismail Ramalho Haddade ◽

Gustavo Haddad Souza Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root Length ◽

Quality Index ◽

Dry Mass ◽

High Potential ◽

Grape Pomace ◽

Alternative Substrate ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Organic Compost ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Using residues generated in agriculture to produce seedlingsis an economically interesting alternative, besides being a way to reduce the environmental impacts caused by their inadequate disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of using coffee chaff (CC) and organic compost (OC) as substrate components for the production of Formosa papaya seedlings and the potential of grape pomace (GP), a vitiviniculture residue, in the composition of substrates for the production of okra and zucchini seedlings. We carried out two trials in a completely randomized design (CRD): the first had seven treatments and six replicates: T0: 100% commercial substrate Bioplant® (CS); from T1 to T6: increasing proportions of CC and decreasing of CC: 10/90; 20/80; 30/70; 40/60; 50/50 e 60/40%. The second had six treatments and six replicates, with increasing proportions of GP and decreasing proportions of CS: 0/100; 10/90; 20/80; 30/70; 40/60 and 50/50%.In the first trial we evaluated the number of leaves, root length, seedling height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass and Dickson Quality Index (DQI) at 59 days after sowing.The second trialwas performed at 12 and 18 DAS and we analyzed the number of leaves, plant height, root length, collar diameter, shoot dry mass, root dry mass, total dry mass and Dickson Quality Index (DQI). Variables that met the assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity were subjected to Dunnett’s test. The substrate composed of coffee chaff and organic compost has a high potential to be used as an alternative substrate due to promote better quality of papaya seedlings compared to the commercial substrate. Alternative substrate containing 60% coffee chaff and 40% organic compost is recommended for the production of Formosa papaya seedlings in tubes. The grape pomace (GP) has a high potential to be used as component in substrate for the production of okra and zucchini seedlings compared to the commercial substrate (CS) only. Alternative substrate composed of 50% GP and 50% CS is recommended for the production of zucchini seedlings, while substrate composed of 10% GP and 90% CS is recommended for the production of okra seedlings.

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NITROGEN FERTILIZATION FOR THE NURSERY PRODUCTION OF AUSTRALIAN RED CEDAR

FLORESTA ◽

10.5380/rf.v49i3.58905 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (3) ◽

pp. 431

Author(s):

Júlio Rieger Lucchese ◽

Marília Lazarotto ◽

Marcio Alberto Hilgert ◽

Claudimar Sidnei Fior ◽

Larissa Campos de Sá ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilization ◽

Quality Index ◽

Cultural Practices ◽

Diameter Ratio ◽

Quadratic Regression ◽

Red Cedar ◽

Nursery Production ◽

Nitrogen Concentrations ◽

Toona Ciliata ◽

Dickson Quality Index

Fertilization is one of the most important cultural practices in the production of seedlings, significantly influencing the quality and establishment of new stands. As the production of Toona ciliata var. australis lacks information on their nutritional requirements, especially nitrogen, this work evaluated the effect of different nitrogen concentrations and application intervals on the production of seedlings of this species, determining the most appropriate concentration. The seedlings were fertilized with 0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000 and 4000 mg L-1 of nitrogen (N), at intervals of 7 and 14 days till the end of the experiment. Increases in height, diameter, dry shoot and root mass, and Dickson quality index were observed as the concentration increased and decreased in higher concentrations, showing a negative quadratic regression in all variables, except the height/diameter ratio, which showed a higher value as N concentration increases. A higher growth showed by the Dickson quality index was achieved using the concentration of 2060 mg L-1. The absence of nitrogen and the concentration of 4000 mg L-1 limits the development of the seedlings, regardless of the interval. It is therefore recommended to use 2060 mg L-1 every 7 days for the production of Toona ciliata var. australis.

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EFFECT OF PHOSPHATE FERTILIZATION AND BASE SATURATION OF SUBSTRATE ON THE SEEDLINGS GROWTH AND QUALITY OF Plathymenia foliolosa Benth.

Revista Árvore ◽

10.1590/1806-90882017000100011 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Eliane Cristina Sampaio de Freitas ◽

Haroldo Nogueira de Paiva ◽

Helio Garcia Leite ◽

Sílvio Nolasco de Oliveira Neto

Keyword(s):

Factorial Design ◽

Quality Index ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Base Saturation ◽

Phosphate Fertilization ◽

Neck Diameter ◽

Dickson Quality Index

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the growth and quality of seedlings of Plathymenia foliolosa Benth in response to base saturation of substrate and phosphate fertilization. The treatments were arranged in a factorial design of 6 P levels (0, 120, 240, 360, 480 and 600 mg dm-3) by 5 base saturation levels (3.5, 25, 40, 55, 70 %), in randomized blocks with four replications. The height of aerial part, neck diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter were determined at 118 days after the transplanting. It was still calculated the relation shoot dry matter/root dry matter and the Dickson Quality Index. There were significant effects of the phosphate fertilization for all studied variables. The base saturation had influence on all studied variables, except for the shoot dry matter/root dry matter relation. No significant effect of the interaction between base saturation of substrate and phosphate fertilization was observed on seedlings growth and quality. For the studied conditions, it is recommended 300 mg dm-3 of P for the production of quality seedlings of Plathymenia foliolosa without the necessity of liming.

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