scholarly journals CARACTERÍSTICAS FISIOLÓGICAS E DE DESENVOLVIMENTO DE Cyperus difformis L. RESISTENTE E SUSCETÍVEL AO HERBICIDA PYRAZOSULFURON-ETHYL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taísa DAL MAGRO ◽  
Dirceu AGOSTINETTO ◽  
Antônio Alberto da SILVA ◽  
Leandro VARGAS ◽  
Luís Eduardo PANOZZO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mass Rate ◽  
Green House ◽  
Cyperus Difformis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Os biótipos de plantas daninhas resistentes a herbicidas podem apresentar diferenças fisiológicas e de desenvolvimento quando comparado a biótipos suscetíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar características fisiológicas e de desenvolvimento de biótipos Cyperus difformis resistente e suscetível ao herbicida pyrazosulfuron-ethyl. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos em casa de vegetação, um na Universidade Federal de Pelotas (Exp. I) e outro na Universidade Federal de Viçosa (Exp. II), em delineamento experimental completamente casualizado, com quatro repetições. No primeiro experimento (Exp. I) os tratamentos constaram de biótipos de C. difformis resistente (CYPDI 9) e suscetível (CYPDI 8) ao herbicida pyrazosulfuron-ethyl e de seis épocas de coletas (14, 28, 42, 56, 70 e 84 dias após a emergência) e no segundo (Exp. II) os biótipos de C. difformis resistente e suscetível foram avaliados com e sem a aplicação do herbicida pyrazosulfuronethyl, na dose de 20g ha-1. As variáveis avaliadas no Exp. I foram área foliar (AF), massa da parte aérea seca (MPAS), taxa de crescimento absoluto e a relação AF e MPAS; no Exp. II, CO2 consumido, taxa de fluxo de gases, concentração de CO2 subestomático, taxa transpiratória, condutância estomática de vapores de água, taxa fotossintética e eficiência do uso da água. Observou-se que os biótipos de C. difformis resistente e suscetível ao herbicida pyrazosulfuron-ethyl apresentam características fisiológicas e de desenvolvimento semelhantes. ABSTRACT The resistance of weed to herbicides can cause alterations in physiologic characteristics and development of the resistant biotype. The objectives of this work went to compare physiologic characteristics and development from biotypes of resistant and susceptible C. difformis to ALS inhibiting herbicides. For that, two Studies were driven at green house of UFPel (Study I) and of UFV (Study II) in completely randomized design, with four replicates. In Study I the treatments consisted of resistant biotype (CYPDI 9) and susceptible (CYPDI 8) of C. difformis to herbicide pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and six times of collections (14, 28, 42, 56, 70 and 84 days after the emergency) and in Study II the same biotypes (resistant and susceptible) added of the application of pyrazosulfuron-ethyl in the rate of 20g ha-1. The variable availed were leaf area, aerial dry mass, rate growth and the relation leaf area and aerial dry mass, in Study I and consumed CO2, rate of flow of gases for the stomata, concentration of CO2 sub-stomatal, transpiration rate, stomatic conductance of steams of water, photosynthetic rate and efficiency of the water use in Study II. Before the results, it can be observed that the resistant and susceptible biotypes of C. difformis to pyrazosulfuron-ethyl herbicide, present physiologic characteristics and development similar.

scholarly journals EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 600
Author(s):  
Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽  
Renato Innecco ◽  
Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Root Part ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Brazilian Northeast ◽  
Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

scholarly journals Does the resistance to glyphosate herbicide affect the competitive ability of ryegrass with soybean?

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Oliveira ◽  
D. Agostinetto ◽  
L. Vargas ◽  
L.A. Ávila ◽  
C.P. Tarouco
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Intraspecific Competition ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Glyphosate Herbicide ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The objective this work was to investigate the competitive ability between resistant and susceptible ryegrass biotypes and of these with soybean crop. Four experiments were carried under greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications, in 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in additive series and replacement series assay. In each series, the proportions among ryegrass resistant and susceptible plants related to soybean were: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. Leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated. Competitiveness statistical analysis consisted in applying diagrams to the replacement series and alternative interpretations of the competitiveness indexes. The soybean crop had equivalent competitiveness to the susceptible ryegrass biotype and inferior to the resistant biotype, while the biotypes, both susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, present equivalent competitive ability. In general, the intraspecific competition is more harmful to ryegrass when in competition with soybean, while interspecific competition is predominant for culture.

scholarly journals MANAGEMENT OF VOLUNTEER CASTOR BEAN IN THE GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEAN CROP

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.S. ROCHA ◽  
A.G.F. COSTA ◽  
D.M.B.M. TROVÃO ◽  
J.H. ZONTA ◽  
V. SOFIATTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Castor Bean ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Soybean Crop ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the management of volunteer castor bean with herbicide applications used in pre and post-seeding of soybean crop resistant to glyphosate. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment corresponded to applications of desiccation with treatments: glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1); glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 670 g ha-1); glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethtyl (1,080 + 20 g ha-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin (1,080 + 25 g ha-1); glyphosate + saflufenacil (1,080 + 35 g ha-1); glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl (1,080 + 12.5 g ha-1); diuron + paraquat (300 + 600 g ha-1); and the control without application. In the second experiment, the treatments corresponded to doses of 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1,440, 2,880 and 5,760 g ha-1 of glyphosate for applications in post-emergence in soybean RR. The applications took place when the castor bean plant had four to six true leaves. The evaluations done in both experiments were: control and plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); and stem diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry mass of shoots and roots at 21 DAA. The treatments with diuron + paraquat and glyphosate associated with 2,4-D, carfentrazoneethyl, flumioxazin or saflufenacil are more efficient for castor bean control in desiccation in pre-seeding of soybean. Glyphosate doses from 720 g ha-1 are effective to control castor bean in post-emergence of the glyphosate-resistant soybean crop.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF CANOLA HYBRIDS WITH WEEDS

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. GALON ◽  
L. R. AGAZZI ◽  
L. VARGAS ◽  
F. NONEMACHER ◽  
F. J. M. BASSO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Competitive Analysis ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Competition Ability ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to assess the relative competitive ability of canola hybrids in the presence of turnip (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in different ratios of plants in the mixture. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in ratios of canola against turnip or ryegrass: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Competitive analysis of the species was accomplished by means of diagrams usually applied to replacement series and also by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence of the species, measurements of leaf area and shoot dry mass were performed. There was a competition between canola hybrids and weeds, with reduction for all variables. There was a differential competitive ability among canola hybrids in the presence of turnip and/or ryegrass. Canola hybrid Hyola 433 was more competitive in the presence of turnip than Hyola 61, 76 and 571 CL. Hyola 61, 76, 433 and 571 CL do not differ in terms of competition ability when growing with ryegrass.

scholarly journals Competitive interaction between commom black bean cultivars and Euphorbia heterophylla 1

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Galon ◽  
César Tiago Forte ◽  
Francisco Wilson Reichert Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Trevisol ◽  
Gismael Francisco Perin
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Black Bean ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT Weeds can interfere in the growth and development of bean plants if not properly managed, especially the wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean cultivars coexisting with wild poinsettia. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Each treatment consisted of one bean plant of the BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru or SCS Predileto cultivars, living with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wild poinsettia plants, corresponding to populations of 0 plants m-2, 22 plants m-2, 44 plants m-2, 66 plants m-2, 88 plants m-2 and 110 plants m-2. Bean and wild poinsettia plants were assessed for stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant height and shoot dry mass. The bean cultivars behaved differently when cultivated with distinct wild poinsettia populations. The SCS Predileto cultivar showed a higher competitive ability against the wild poinsettia than the BRS Campeiro and IPR Uirapuru, what can be verified by the reduction of leaf area and dry mass of the weed. On average, at a density of 110 plants m-2, the wild poinsettia reduces in approximately 32 % the leaf area and 50 % the dry mass of the bean plants.

scholarly journals Initial interference of Cyperus rotundus L. in pre-sprouted seedlings of sugarcane cultivars RB985476 and IACSP95-5000

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 210-216
Author(s):  
Ana Ligia Giraldeli ◽  
Felipe Carrara de Brito ◽  
André Felipe Moreira Silva ◽  
Giovani Apolari Ghirardello ◽  
Ana Carolina Viviani Pagenotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Weeds compete with plants for water, light, nutrients and space. In sugarcane, planting pre-sprouted sugarcane seedlings (PSS) may mean a change in weed interference and management. The aim of this study was to generate information on the interference of Cyperus rotundus L. in PSS. Two experiments were carried out in a completely randomized design, one with cultivar RB985476, with seven densities of C. rotundus (0, 17, 35, 70, 140, 280 and 560 plants m-2), and the second with cultivar IACSP95-5000, with four densities of C. rotundus (0, 70, 140 and 280 plants m-2). For this weed, a 2x6 factorial design was used for the experiment with RB985476 and a 2x3 design was used for IACSP95-5000, the first factor being absence and presence of the crop, and the second factor the densities of the species. Biometric evaluations of height, diameter, number of tillers and leaves, leaf area and dry mass were carried out. The PSS had a reduction in height, number of leaves and leaf area in the main till at 60 d after planting (DAP) in RB985476. For the IACSP95-5000 cultivar, there was no reduction in the analyzed variables. The average dry mass per plant of C. rotundus decreased as the density of the species increased in the absence of PSS.

scholarly journals Macronutrient fertilizers on basil growth and yield

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3200
Author(s):  
Janderson Carmo Lima ◽  
Marilza Neves Nascimenro ◽  
Uasley Caldas Oliveira ◽  
Anacleto Ranulfo Santos ◽  
Alinsmario Leite Silva
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Reference Doses ◽  
Different Doses

The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient doses that allow the highest phytomass yield and growth of basil plants. The experiment was carried out in the experimental area of ​​the Federal University of Recôncavo da Bahia, in Cruz das Almas, BA, in a greenhouse. The treatments were obtained according to the Baconian matrix statistical arrangement, in which one of the nutrients is supplied in variable amounts, while the others are kept at a referential level. Six nutrients (nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S)) were evaluated in three different doses, and two additional treatments, one with reference doses and another without nutrient addition, totaling 20 treatments that were arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications, totaling 100 experimental units. At 50 days after treatment distribution, the growth parameters were evaluated: Plant height, number of leaves, leaf dry mass, stem, root and leaf area. It was observed that the highest leaf dry mass accumulation was estimated with the dose of 250 mg dm³ of N giving an average of 8.01g per plant, being significantly higher when compared to all other tested elements, this parameter is extremely relevant because the leaves are characterized as the main product of this species. Phosphorus doses allowed significant results in height and leaf area, whereas K favored higher leaf emission. Positive responses were verified for nutrients Ca, Mg and S in all parameters tested at levels above those tested as reference.

scholarly journals Efficacy of substrate and humic substance on cuttings production of Spondia purpurea L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. e60985006
Author(s):  
Paula Sara Teixeira de Oliveira ◽  
Fabíola Luzia de Sousa Silva ◽  
Kleber Veras Cordeiro ◽  
Gustavo dos Santos Sousa ◽  
Rafaela Leopoldina Silva Nunes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Humic Substances ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Humic Substance ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Root Volume ◽  
Substrate Interaction ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

For the propagation of seedlings by cutting it is important to select an appropriate substrate. Additionally, the use of humic substances can stimulate the growth of the plants, as is already known for many species. We aimed to investigate the influence of substrates based on carnauba bagana and carbonized rice husk associated with humic substance - HS in the production of Spondia purpurea L. seedlings by cuttings. We studied three proportions (v:v) of substrates, namely, 100% carbonized rice husk; 50% carnauba bagana + 50% carbonized rice husk; 100% carbonized rice husk and four doses of the humic substance, namely, 0 g L-1; 12.5 g L-1; 25 g L-1; 50 g L-1. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, in a 3x4 factorial with four replicates. There was a significant effect of HS doses and substrate interaction and HS doses on the leaf area and dry mass of the aerial part of seedling seedlings. Root volume was affected in isolation by the factors tested. The interaction responses between the substrate and doses of humic substance infer that they act in different ways on development of seriguela seedlings according to the type of substrate, therefore, it is essential to identify and choose the compiled that favors the best results. There is then a need test other substrates associated with the addition of HS, already known to condition the increase of seriguela seedlings produced by cuttings.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.R. Dias ◽  
S.J.P. Carvalho ◽  
L.W. Marcolini ◽  
M.S.C. Melo ◽  
P.J. Christoffoleti
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Density ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Commelina Benghalensis ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Full Flowering ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF SUGARCANE STRAW AND SOWING DEPTH ON THE EMERGENCE OF WEED SPECIES

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. V. SILVA ◽  
P. A. MONQUERO ◽  
F. B. SILVA ◽  
N. C. BEVILAQUA ◽  
M. R. MALARDO
Keyword(s):  
Ricinus Communis ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Sugarcane Straw ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Luffa Aegyptiaca

ABSTRACT This study aimed to understand the influence of sowing depth and the amount of sugarcane straw on the emergence of weed species Luffa aegyptiaca Miller (Cucurbitaceae); Mucuna aterrima Piper & Tracy (Fabaceae - Leguminosae) and Ricinus communis (Euphorbiaceae). A completely randomized design with a 5 x 4 x 3 factorial layout with four replications was used, at five sowing depths (0, 2, 4, 8 and 10 cm), four different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) and three different evaluation periods (7, 14 and 21 days after sowing). After sowing, different amounts of sugarcane straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1) were deposited on soil. Seedling emergence was analyzed at 7, 14 and 21 days after sowing, counting the number of seedlings that had emerged. At the end of the trial, weed height (cm), leaf area (cm2) and shoot dry mass (g) were measured. In relation to emergence ability, studied species presented different responses according to sowing depth and to the amount of sugarcane straw deposited on the soil. For the L.aegyptiacaand M.aterrima, no significant difference was observed in the interaction between depth and sugarcane straw, showing the adaptation of these species to no-burn sugarcane system. For R.communis, seeds placed at 0 cm of sugar cane straw depth were observed to favor the emergence of seedlings.

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