Competitive interaction between commom black bean cultivars and Euphorbia heterophylla 1

ABSTRACT Weeds can interfere in the growth and development of bean plants if not properly managed, especially the wild poinsettia (Euphorbia heterophylla L.). This study aimed to evaluate the competitive ability of black bean cultivars coexisting with wild poinsettia. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, with four replications. Each treatment consisted of one bean plant of the BRS Campeiro, IPR Uirapuru or SCS Predileto cultivars, living with 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5 wild poinsettia plants, corresponding to populations of 0 plants m-2, 22 plants m-2, 44 plants m-2, 66 plants m-2, 88 plants m-2 and 110 plants m-2. Bean and wild poinsettia plants were assessed for stem diameter, leaf area, chlorophyll content, plant height and shoot dry mass. The bean cultivars behaved differently when cultivated with distinct wild poinsettia populations. The SCS Predileto cultivar showed a higher competitive ability against the wild poinsettia than the BRS Campeiro and IPR Uirapuru, what can be verified by the reduction of leaf area and dry mass of the weed. On average, at a density of 110 plants m-2, the wild poinsettia reduces in approximately 32 % the leaf area and 50 % the dry mass of the bean plants.

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Does the resistance to glyphosate herbicide affect the competitive ability of ryegrass with soybean?

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000100021 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (1) ◽

pp. 189-196 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

C. Oliveira ◽

D. Agostinetto ◽

L. Vargas ◽

L.A. Ávila ◽

C.P. Tarouco

Keyword(s):

Statistical Analysis ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Intraspecific Competition ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Glyphosate Herbicide ◽

Completely Randomized Design

The objective this work was to investigate the competitive ability between resistant and susceptible ryegrass biotypes and of these with soybean crop. Four experiments were carried under greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications, in 2011 and 2012. Treatments were arranged in additive series and replacement series assay. In each series, the proportions among ryegrass resistant and susceptible plants related to soybean were: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 e 0:100. Leaf area and shoot dry mass were evaluated. Competitiveness statistical analysis consisted in applying diagrams to the replacement series and alternative interpretations of the competitiveness indexes. The soybean crop had equivalent competitiveness to the susceptible ryegrass biotype and inferior to the resistant biotype, while the biotypes, both susceptible and resistant to glyphosate, present equivalent competitive ability. In general, the intraspecific competition is more harmful to ryegrass when in competition with soybean, while interspecific competition is predominant for culture.

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MANAGEMENT OF VOLUNTEER CASTOR BEAN IN THE GLYPHOSATE-RESISTANT SOYBEAN CROP

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582016340300015 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 545-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V.S. ROCHA ◽

A.G.F. COSTA ◽

D.M.B.M. TROVÃO ◽

J.H. ZONTA ◽

V. SOFIATTI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Castor Bean ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Root Volume ◽

Soybean Crop ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Chlorimuron Ethyl ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACT The goal of this study was to evaluate the management of volunteer castor bean with herbicide applications used in pre and post-seeding of soybean crop resistant to glyphosate. Two experiments were conducted in a greenhouse in a completely randomized design with three replications. The first experiment corresponded to applications of desiccation with treatments: glyphosate (1,080 g ha-1); glyphosate + 2,4-D (1,080 + 670 g ha-1); glyphosate + carfentrazone-ethtyl (1,080 + 20 g ha-1); glyphosate + flumioxazin (1,080 + 25 g ha-1); glyphosate + saflufenacil (1,080 + 35 g ha-1); glyphosate + chlorimuron-ethyl (1,080 + 12.5 g ha-1); diuron + paraquat (300 + 600 g ha-1); and the control without application. In the second experiment, the treatments corresponded to doses of 0, 90, 180, 360, 720, 1,440, 2,880 and 5,760 g ha-1 of glyphosate for applications in post-emergence in soybean RR. The applications took place when the castor bean plant had four to six true leaves. The evaluations done in both experiments were: control and plant height at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); and stem diameter, leaf area, root volume, dry mass of shoots and roots at 21 DAA. The treatments with diuron + paraquat and glyphosate associated with 2,4-D, carfentrazoneethyl, flumioxazin or saflufenacil are more efficient for castor bean control in desiccation in pre-seeding of soybean. Glyphosate doses from 720 g ha-1 are effective to control castor bean in post-emergence of the glyphosate-resistant soybean crop.

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COMPETITIVE ABILITY OF CANOLA HYBRIDS WITH WEEDS

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582015000300004 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 413-423 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. GALON ◽

L. R. AGAZZI ◽

L. VARGAS ◽

F. NONEMACHER ◽

F. J. M. BASSO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Competitive Analysis ◽

Raphanus Sativus ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Lolium Multiflorum ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Competition Ability ◽

Completely Randomized Design

ABSTRACTThe objective of the study was to assess the relative competitive ability of canola hybrids in the presence of turnip (Raphanus sativus) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in different ratios of plants in the mixture. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design with four replications. Treatments were arranged in ratios of canola against turnip or ryegrass: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Competitive analysis of the species was accomplished by means of diagrams usually applied to replacement series and also by the relative competitiveness indices. Fifty days after the emergence of the species, measurements of leaf area and shoot dry mass were performed. There was a competition between canola hybrids and weeds, with reduction for all variables. There was a differential competitive ability among canola hybrids in the presence of turnip and/or ryegrass. Canola hybrid Hyola 433 was more competitive in the presence of turnip than Hyola 61, 76 and 571 CL. Hyola 61, 76, 433 and 571 CL do not differ in terms of competition ability when growing with ryegrass.

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Competitive ability of corn in coexistence with goosegrass

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582013000200005 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 31 (2) ◽

pp. 281-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

A.C.D. Wandscheer ◽

M.A. Rizzardi ◽

M. Reichert

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Agricultural Systems ◽

Weed Species ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Eleusine Indica ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Corn Plants

Competition between plants is one of the main interferences that occurs in agricultural systems and accounts for significant crop yield reductions. The aim of this study was to assess the competitive ability of corn in coexistence with the weed species Eleusine indica. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse, in the growing season 2010/2011, and were arranged in a completely randomized design with four replications. The experimental units consisted of plastic pots with a volumetric capacity of 8 L. Treatments were arranged in a replacement series with five proportions of corn plants and weed: 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100, respectively, with a constant population of eight plants per pot, at the end of each treatment. The competitiveness analysis was conducted through diagrams applied to the replacement series experiment and competitiveness index, and the variables evaluated were root, shoot, and total dry mass, and plant height. When in equal proportions, corn showed competitive ability equivalent to goosegrass in relation to the variables shoot, root, and total dry mass. Goosegrass was more competitive than the crop in relation to plant height.

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Interferência de tiririca (Cyperus rotundus L.) e da Compactação do Solo no Crescimento do Feijão-Caupi

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i5.4068 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

U. C. M. Pessôa ◽

E. N. Silva Terceiro ◽

A. S. Souza ◽

A. A. Soares Filho ◽

T. A. Pimenta

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Vigna Unguiculata ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Cyperus Rotundus ◽

Production Data ◽

Technology Center ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design

As plantas daninhas interferem no crescimento e desenvolvimento da cultura do feijão-caupi, podendo reduzir drasticamente a sua produtividade. Objetivou-se com o trabalho, avaliar a interferência de Cyperus rotundus e da compactação do solo no crescimento do feijão-caupi [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]<ins cite="mailto:Bruno%20Anacleto" datetime="2016-03-01T10:35"> </ins>no sertão paraibano. O experimento foi realizado em estufa agrícola no Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia Agroalimentar da Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, CCTA/UFCG, Campus de Pombal-PB. As unidades experimentais foram compostas por vasos com capacidade de 6 litros. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com tratamentos distribuídos em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 , sendo os fatores três populações de C. rotundus (0, 2 e 3 tubérculos por vaso) e dois níveis de compactação (solo sem compactação e solo com subsuperfície compactada), com quatro repetições. Foram coletados os dados de produção de fitomassa, área foliar, altura da planta, número de folhas e diâmetro do caule, os quais foram submetidos à análise da variância e teste de médias. A presença de C. rotundus, independente de sua população prejudicou os componentes de crescimento, reduzindo a área foliar, de forma mais intensa do que a compactação do solo. Com isto, urgem medidas que reduzam os prejuízos causados por C. rotundus a cultura do feijão-caupi.Interference of nut grass (Cyperus rotundus L.) and soil compaction on cowpea growthABSTRACT - Weeds interfere with the growth and development of the cowpea crop and can dramatically reduce their productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interference of nut grass and soil compaction in the growth of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp]. The experiment was conducted in an agricultural greenhouse in the Science and Technology Center of Agrifood Federal University of Campina Grande, CCTA/UFCG, Campus de Pombal-PB, Brazil. The experimental were composed of pots with 6 liters capacity. Used a completely randomized design with treatments distributed in a factorial 3 x 2 x 4, comprising the three populations of C. rotundus (0, 2 and 3 tubers per pot) and two compression levels (soil without compaction and soil compacted subsurface), with four replications. Were collected biomass production data, leaf area, plant height, leaf number and stem diameter, which were submitted to analysis of variance and mean test when necessary. The presence of C. rotundus, regardless of its population hampered growth components, reduced leaf area, more intensely than soil compaction. With this, urge measures to reduce the harm caused by C. rotundus the cowpea.

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Competitiveness of alexandergrass or Bengal dayflower with soybean

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582010000300008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 515-522 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

A.C.R. Dias ◽

S.J.P. Carvalho ◽

L.W. Marcolini ◽

M.S.C. Melo ◽

P.J. Christoffoleti

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Total Density ◽

Weed Species ◽

Replacement Series ◽

Commelina Benghalensis ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Full Flowering ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Soybean Plants

Weeds compete with field crops mainly for water, light and nutrients, and the degree of competition is affected by the weed density and the intrinsic competitive ability of each plant species in coexistence. The objective of this research was to compare the competitiveness of alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) or Bengal dayflower (Commelina benghalensis) in coexistence with soybean, cv. M-Soy 8045. A factorial experiment (2 x 5) with two weed species and five competition proportions was carried out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. Proportions were based on a replacement series competition design, always maintaining the total density of four plants per 10 L plastic pots, which corresponded to 60 plants m ². The weed-crop proportions were: 0:4; 1:3; 2:2; 3:1; 4:0; that corresponded to the proportion of 100, 75, 50, 25 and 0% of soybean plants and the opposite for weeds, B. plantaginea or C. benghalensis plants. Leaf area, shoot dry mass of the weeds and soybean and number of soybean trifoliate leaves were evaluated when the soybean reached the phenologic stage of full flowering. B. plantaginea was a better competitor than soybean plants. Otherwise, C. benghalensis revealed a similar competitive ability that of the soybean. In both cases, there were evidences that intraspecific competition was more important.

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EMISSÃO DE ÓXIDO NITROSO ASSOCIADO AO USO DE UREIA NO CULTIVO DE MELÃO AMARELO

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i6.5459 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (6) ◽

pp. 600

Author(s):

Vanessa Cláudia Vasconcelos Segundo ◽

Renato Innecco ◽

Ebenézer De Oliveira Silva

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Aerial Part ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽

Root Part ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Brazilian Northeast ◽

Total Soil Nitrogen

O meloeiro tem grande importância econômica para o Nordeste brasileiro. Entretanto, em seu cultivo utiliza-se insumos que podem prejudicar o ambiente; como, os fertilizantes nitrogenados. Objetivou-se avaliar a emissão de N2O em cultivo de meloeiro amarelo ‘Goldex’. O experimento foi instalado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos foram: 0 (controle), 1,0; 1,5 e 2 vezes a quantidade de nitrogênio recomendada para cada estádio. Foi analisado o fluxo de N2O, área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca dos frutos, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio total do solo, das plantas e N (NH4+ e NO3-) do solo. O fluxo de N2O teve comportamento temporal irregular durante a fase de plântulas e crescente na floração. Os tratamentos afetaram significativamente a área foliar, número de folhas, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da parte radicular, nitrogênio da parte aérea e parte radicular das plantas e do solo. A aplicação de nitrogênio, em dosagens superiores à recomendada, não aumentou a produção do meloeiro. E o cálculo do fator de emissão mostrou que a emissão do N2O não atingiu valores prejudiciais ao ambiente.Palavras-chave: fator de emissão, efeito estufa e nitrogênio. NITROUS OXIDE EMISSION ASSOCIATED WITH UREA USE THE YELLOW MELON CROP ABSTRACT: The melon has great economic importance for the Brazilian Northeast. However, in its cultivation uses inputs that can harm the environment; Such as nitrogen fertilizers. The objective of this study was to evaluate the emission of N2O in yellow 'Goldex' cultivar. The experiment was installed in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were: 0 (control), 1.0; 1.5 and 2 times the amount of nitrogen recommended for each stage. N2O flux, leaf area, leaf number, shoot dry mass, fruit dry mass, dry mass of the root portion, total soil nitrogen, of the plants and N (NH4 + and NO3 -) of the soil were analyzed. The flow of N2O had irregular temporal behavior during the seedling phase and increased in flowering. The treatments affected significantly the leaf area, number of leaves, dry mass of the aerial part, dry mass of the root part, nitrogen of the aerial part and root part of the plants and the soil. The application of nitrogen, in dosages higher than the recommended one, did not increase the production of the melon. And the calculation of the emission factor showed that the emission of N2O did not reach values harmful to the environment.Keywords: emission fator, greenhouse and nitrogen.

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Pengaruh Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Nasa Dan Pupuk Kompos Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kenaf ( Hibiscus cannabinus L)

Agrifarm : Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian ◽

10.24903/ajip.v7i1.364 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 6

Author(s):

Hairin Juanda ◽

Tutik Nugrahini ◽

Mahdalena Mahdalena

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Plant Height ◽

Analysis Of Variance ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Hibiscus Cannabinus ◽

Stem Diameter ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Completely Randomized Design

Effect of NASA Liquid Organic Fertilizer and Compost Fertilizer on Kenaf Plant Growth (Hibiscus cannabinus L). This study aims to determine the effect of NASA POC, compost fertilizer and the interaction of NASA POC and compost fertilizer on kenaf plants. This research was carried out at East Borneo Samarinda Indonesia. with a time of ± 4 months, starting from June to September 2016. The design of the study uses factorial completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consists of 2 factors. The first factor is the administration of NASA POC consisting of 4 levels, namely: j0: Control (without treatment), j1: POC with a concentration of 10 ml / liter of water, j2: POC with a concentration of 15 ml / liter of water, j3: POC with a concentration of 20 ml / liter of water. The second factor is Compost fertilizer consisting of 4 levels, namely: k0: Without the provision of Compost Fertilizer, k1: Composting 500 gram / polybag, k2: Composting Fertilizer 700 grams / polybag, k3: Composting 800 grams / polybag. From the analysis of variance showed that the effect of giving NASA POC (J), compost (K) and the interaction of NASA POC and compost (JK) did not affect the parameters of plant height 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, stem diameter 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, number of leaves 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP, leaf area 30 DAP, 60 DAP and 90 DAP.

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Plastochron and yield of Physalis peruviana L. grown in different environments and transplanting dates

Semina Ciências Agrárias ◽

10.5433/1679-0359.2020v41n4p1151 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (4) ◽

pp. 1151

Author(s):

André Ricardo Zeist ◽

Juliano Tadeu Vilela de Resende ◽

Daniel Suek Zanin ◽

Israel Felipe Lustosa da Silva ◽

Daniel Fernandes da Silva ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Temperature Data ◽

Node Number ◽

Physalis Peruviana ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Crop Cycle ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Reproductive Phases

This study aimed to estimate plastochron, leaf area, and yield of Physalis peruviana seedlings grown in different environments and transplanted on different dates. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design, arranged in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, namely: two cultivation environments (protected and field) and three transplanting dates (10/27/2013, 12/15/2013, and 02/11/2014). Four replicates of eight plants were used per plot, and the four central plants composed the useful area. Based on mathematical models and temperature data, plastochron was estimated for the entire crop cycle and vegetative and reproductive phases separately. Leaf area and node number were measured, and their relationship established at the end of the study. Other variables assessed were fruit number, mass, and yield per plant. Our results showed that the higher temperatures in the protected environment anticipated phenological timings. Plastochron values of 60.0 and 16.5 °C day-1 can be used during vegetative and reproductive stages, respectively. The protected environment increased vegetative growth and development, as well as yield of P. peruviana seedlings. In the Guarapuava-PR region, P. peruviana seedlings should be transplanted during the spring so that higher fruit yield and quality could be achieved.

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Biochar as an alternative substrate for the production of sugarcane seedlings

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental ◽

10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v25n12p826-832 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 25 (12) ◽

pp. 826-832

Author(s):

Mauro F. C. Mota ◽

Eulina F. Damião ◽

Matheus R. Torres ◽

Rodinei F. Pegoraro ◽

Leidivan A. Frazão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Particle Size ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Mass ◽

Leaf Length ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Alternative Substrate ◽

Aerial Parts ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Important Form

ABSTRACT Biochar, which has emerged as an important form of the transformation and final disposal of biomass, can be used directly in soil or in seedling nurseries. In this study, the use of biochar of different particle sizes and percentages was evaluated in replacement to a conventional substrate used in the production of sugarcane seedlings. To this end, an experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design, with a 5 × 4 factorial scheme, consisting of five different percentages of biochar (with 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% v/v substitution of the conventional substrate) and four particle sizes (<1, 2, 4, and 9 mm), with nine repetitions. As seedling growth variables, the average sprouting time, sprouting speed index, plant height, leaf number, leaf length, and width + 2, as well as the dry mass of the aerial parts and roots were evaluated. Irrespective of the percentage of commercial substrate replaced with biochar, sprouting time was found to be shorter when 6-mm-diameter biochar particles were used. With respect to the sprouting speed index, it was found that regardless of particle size, the highest value occurred when biochar was used to replace 42% of the commercial substrate. The substitution of the commercial substrate with biochar had the effect of reducing the growth of sugarcane seedlings.

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