Ethical Issues Associated with Computer as an Instrument to Technological Growth in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Masum Wang Sargolzaei ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Computer Ethics ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
Science Instructors ◽  
Technology Growth

New advancements especially in the field of information technology has actually brought new scientific gains to humans however it ought to be noted that the entry of new scientific and technological areas will constantly require to have ethical issues and restrictions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the ethical issues in computer as an instrument to technology growth in China. The study was literature review based. The participants of the study contained 20 computer system experts. 10 of them were graduates of computer education and educational technologies divisions, who worked as computer science instructors in China. Structured interviews were conducted with participants to identify their point of views concerning research study questions. Unauthorized access to the systems which is hacking is done utilizing different and new techniques and is increasing each day. Computer ethics has long been taken into consideration by the scientists. Interviews were organized separately with each participant in time slots and places they determined. The study concluded that computer ethics with a reference to personal privacy, accuracy, building and availability; investigated the beginnings of these issues; growth of internet and computer technology globally has resulted in the growth of new types of global criminal offense specifically Internet associated. The research suggested that the government of China should develop and apply a minimum set of directing rules of conduct that would certainly help with effective communications and reliable commerce via making use of electronic medium and to make certain the precision of data, in addition to shielding it from unauthorized accessibility or unintentional disclosure to improper people.

https://stratfordjournals.org/journals/index.php/Journal-of-Information-and-Techn/article/view/81018102t5028

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Masum Wang Sargolzaei
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Computer Ethics ◽  
Personal Privacy ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Criminal Offense ◽  
Technological Growth ◽  
The Government ◽  
Science Instructors ◽  
Technology Growth

New advancements especially in the field of information technology has actually brought new scientific gains to humans however it ought to be noted that the entry of new scientific and technological areas will constantly require to have ethical issues and restrictions. The purpose of the study was to analyze the ethical issues in computer as an instrument to technology growth in China. The study was literature review based. The participants of the study contained 20 computer system experts. 10 of them were graduates of computer education and educational technologies divisions, who worked as computer science instructors in China. Structured interviews were conducted with participants to identify their point of views concerning research study questions. Unauthorized access to the systems which is hacking is done utilizing different and new techniques and is increasing each day. Computer ethics has long been taken into consideration by the scientists. Interviews were organized separately with each participant in time slots and places they determined. The study concluded that computer ethics with a reference to personal privacy, accuracy, building and availability; investigated the beginnings of these issues; growth of internet and computer technology globally has resulted in the growth of new types of global criminal offense specifically Internet associated. The research suggested that the government of China should develop and apply a minimum set of directing rules of conduct that would certainly help with effective communications and reliable commerce via making use of electronic medium and to make certain the precision of data, in addition to shielding it from unauthorized accessibility or unintentional disclosure to improper people. Keywords: Ethical Issues, Computer, Technological Growth, China

Management of Records in Adapted Buildings as Records Centres in Zimbabwe

Mousaion ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Mutsagondo ◽  
Getrude Maduyu ◽  
Godfrey Tsvuura
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Personal Observation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Professional Management ◽  
The Government

This paper discusses the challenges of records management that arise from the use of adapted buildings as records centres in Zimbabwe, despite the advantages of using such buildings. A qualitative research approach was used as well as a case study research design. Data were collected from seven officers of the Gweru Records Centre through semi-structured interviews. Personal observation was used to triangulate findings from interviews. It was found that the use of adapted buildings as records centres was a cheaper and quicker way of establishing records centres throughout the country. However, a number of preservation, security and management challenges cropped up as the conditions of the buildings and the environment of the adapted buildings were not conducive to the proper and professional management of records. This study is important in that it explores the prospects and challenges of using adapted buildings as records centres in Zimbabwe, an area that has not been researched by many authors. This provokes archival authorities and the government to seriously consider establishing purpose-built records and archival centres.

Ethical Issues in Private Practice: A Phenomenological Investigation of Music Therapy Business Owners

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle Wilhelm ◽  
Lindsey Wilhelm
Keyword(s):  
Music Therapy ◽  
Private Practice ◽  
Phenomenological Study ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Owners ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Music Therapists

Abstract As a music therapy private practice is both a business and a healthcare service, it should adhere to ethical standards from both disciplines. However, this topic has rarely been examined in the music therapy literature. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore ethical dilemmas experienced by music therapy business owners (MTBOs) in their private practice and how MTBOs avoid or address ethical dilemmas. Utilizing convenience and snowball sampling techniques, 21 MTBOs in the United States were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. To answer the two areas of inquiry, we identified three themes and 12 subthemes: (1) Ethical issues related to client welfare, (2) Ethical issues related to business relationships and operation, and (3) Strategies to address or avoid ethical dilemmas. MTBOs also shared how they ensure ethical behavior in themselves, with their employees or independent contractors, and when interacting with professionals outside the private practice. These findings provide a better understanding of MTBOs’ lived experiences of ethics in their private practice and may benefit other music therapists who are in private practice or are wanting to go into private practice. Limitations and recommendations for further research are provided.

Successful collaboration between smart city consortium and Hong Kong Government in Covid-19 dashboard: the case of leadership in practice

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Jung Yue Chun ◽  
Wahid Abdul Nabsiah ◽  
Cheng Ling Tan
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Third Party ◽  
City Development ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
Mass Collaboration ◽  
The Government

Purpose This paper aims to discover why such a public partnership project had been successful with a non-profit third-party alliance such as a smart city consortium (SCC) promoting smart city development. Design/methodology/approach This descriptive case study is primarily based on analysing data collected from various texts, public statements, media interviews and three semi-structured interviews with key members involved in the Covid-19 dashboard project. Findings The data and analysis reviews that both interpersonal and interorganisational trust, dedication and proactiveness of the leaders at SCC were major contributing factors to why SCC was able to partner with the Hong Kong Government in the Covid-19 dashboard in the first place and that the success was also a direct outcome of effective mass collaborative knowledge management activities. Research limitations/implications The research in leadership attributes and activities in the non-profit alliance has been few and this collaborative partnership between the alliance and the government is an example of the importance of further research in smart city leadership. Practical implications In deploying projects for mass collaboration and knowledge sharing in smart city development (which is multi-disciplinary in nature). there are still many new and evolving organisational practices and leadership matters that many business leaders and city managers can learn from. Social implications Smart city development projects involve the notion of sharing data in an open environment enabled by software and mediating tools. Successful projects such as this Hong Kong Covid-19 dashboard which serves a diverse audience can further promote the importance of an open data policy regime for the benefit of the public. Originality/value This case study covers a highly original and unique case study with the leaders at the SCC and representatives from the Hong Kong Government.

Exploring the student perspectives on the barriers of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study using interpretative phenomenological analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shikha Rana
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Online Learning ◽  
Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Student Perspective ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Student Teacher Relationship ◽  
Academic Courses ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe present study aims to gauge the perspectives of students on the difficulties they faced during online learning during the outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) through the interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) technique.Design/methodology/approachThe current study employed IPA, and it was conducted among the students enrolled for professional courses in the government, private and deemed-to-be universities in Uttarakhand, India, using semi-structured interviews for the purpose of data collection.FindingsThe findings have been grouped under five parts referred to as “superordinate themes” or “barriers” which comprises learning in an online class environment, online learning in the home environment, student–teacher relationship in online learning, technical hindrances in online learning and health issues in online learning. These superordinate themes were further grouped under sub-themes.Research limitations/implicationsThe present study focused on the students of various private, public and deemed-to-be universities of the Uttarakhand region and represents the higher education sector only and did not tap the primary, secondary and vocational education. The students of academic courses or degree courses like arts, commerce, basic sciences and humanities, etc. were not included in the research study. Hence, the study lacks generalizability.Practical implicationsThe research findings of the present study have implications for higher education institutions (HEIs), teachers, students and policymakers.Originality/valueThe present study addresses the methodological gap by offering a new line of research where IPA has been used as the methodology to determine the barriers of online learning in the COVID-19 situation, and to the best of the authors’ knowledge, none of the studies have used it so far to ascertain the barriers to online learning from the student perspective.

Penerapan Pendekatan Open-Ended Learning pada Pembelajaran Tematik di Masa Pandemi Covid’19

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Noer Maulidatul Leily ◽  
Mukni’ah
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Data Gathering ◽  
Learning Activity ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Learning Plan ◽  
The Government

Learning is an interaction process between learners and educators. At the covid '19 pandemic study activity is experiencing a lot of problems, students are struggling to understand the materials the teachers explain through an online system. Addressing the problem, the madrass sabielil muttaqien an open-ended learning approach to a learning activity that is carried out once a week with the system offline by keeping the health protocols recommended by the government. The research is intended to describe the steps of open-ended learning and action action at the madrasah ibtidaiyah sabileil muttaqien lesson year 2020-2021.The study a descriptive qualitative approach and the type of research is case study. Research subjects select using adhesive techniques. As for the data-gathering techniques in this essay using non-participant observations, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Whereas data analysis the interactive data analysis model presented by miles and Huberman and the validity of the data using source and technical triangulation. The study concludes: 1) Preparation of an open-ended approach learning at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sabilil Muttaqin is a teacher constructing a learning device that is Silabus and described in the form of an invasive learning plan (RPP) by listing the open-ended question in the application of the learning plan (RPP). 2) The performance of open-ended learning approach works effectively and passionate learners follow the learning process. Learning activities consist of introductory activities, core activities, final or concluding activities and evaluation activities. For the core activity of the delivery of materials with the six stages of activity carried out by the teacher. ABSTRAK Pembelajaran merupakan proses interaksi antara peserta didik dengan pendidik. Dimasa pandemi Covid’19 kegiatan pembelajaran banyak mengalami permasalahan, peserta didik susah memahami materi yang dijelaskan oleh guru dengan system online. Menanggulangi permasalahan tersebut Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sabielil Muttaqien menggunakan Pendekatan Open-Ended Learning pada kegiatan pembelajaran yang dilaksanakan satu minggu sekali dengan system offline (tatap muka) dengan tetap menjaga protokol kesehatan yang dianjurkan oleh pemerintah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Open-Ended Learning berjalan dengan efektif dan peserta didik semangat mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Untuk kegiatan inti berisi tentang penyampaian materi dengan enam tahap pendekatan Open-Ended Learning. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan jenis penelitian adalah studi kasus. Penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive. Adapun tehnik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan observasi Non-Partisipan, wawancara semi terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan model analisis data interaktif yang dikemukakan oleh Miles dan Huberman dan keabsahan datanya menggunakan triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Penelitian ini memperoleh kesimpulan: 1) Persiapan Pendekatan Open-Ended Learning Pada Pembelajaran Tematik di Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Sabilil Muttaqin adalah guru menyusun sebuah perangkat pembelajaran yang berupa Silabus dan Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). Dan membuat pertanyaan Open-Ended dalam isian Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP). 2) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran dengan pendekatan Open-Ended Learning berjalan dengan efektif dan peserta didik semangat mengikuti proses pembelajaran. Kegiatan pembelajaran terdiri dari kegiatan pendahuluan, kegiatan inti, kegiatan akhir atau penutup dan kegiatan evaluasi. Untuk kegiatan inti berisi tentang penyampaian materi dengan enam tahap kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh guru. Kata Kunci: pembelajaran, pandemi covid-19, pendekatan open-ended learning

A Retrospective Comparison of American Women’s Spontaneous Conceptions and Gestational Surrogate Pregnancies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Lahl ◽  
Kallie Fell ◽  
Kate Bassett ◽  
Frances Broghammer ◽  
Maggie Eastman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Survey Tool ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Retrospective Comparison ◽  
Caucasian Women ◽  
Future Work

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate the retrospective pregnancy experiences of American women by comparing spontaneous pregnancies with gestational surrogate pregnancies. Methods: Data were collected via structured interviews following an approved survey tool utilizing an online video platform. In total, 97 interviews were conducted. Results: Demographic data was collected on age, ethnicity, primary language, country of birth, education, and income level. Data revealed that a woman was more likely to have a pregnancy that was high-risk during a surrogate pregnancy than a non-surrogate pregnancy, independent of maternal age or gravidity (OR 7.22, p<0.001). A surrogate pregnancy had 4 times higher odds of resulting in a c-section (p<0.001) as well as delivering at an earlier gestational age (p<0.001). Further, women were more likely to experience adverse effects, including postpartum depression, following delivery of a surrogate child than their own biological child (p<0.001). Finally, the rate of new post-surrogacy chronic health issues for non-Caucasian women was significantly higher than for Caucasians (p<0.001). Women reported using the payment they received for their surrogacy for basic needs. Almost half of the women reported using the money to pay bills or get out of debt.Conclusions: These results are among the first of their kind. This study reveals that surrogate health disparities exist and that there may be long-term complications after a surrogate pregnancy. This raises important social, economic, and ethical issues related to surrogacy which must be further explored. Future work will build on this study and help elucidate the circumstances and consequences surrounding this complex issue.

Minimisation and management strategies for refurbishment and renovation waste in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann T.W. Yu ◽  
Kelvin S.H. Mok ◽  
Irene Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Government Support ◽  
Construction And Demolition Waste ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Demolition Waste ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Government

PurposeThe capacity of landfills will reach saturation in the 2020s. There are more than 50,000 buildings in Hong Kong over 30 years old and which may require extensive refurbishment under the Mandatory Building Scheme. Additionally, most new owners/tenants tend to renovate their premises before moving in. Hence, there is an urgent need in Hong Kong, to explore strategies and measures to enable the development of effective refurbishment and renovation (R&R) waste management for such projects. The objectives of this paper are to investigate the process of R&R for identifying the perceived barriers and thereby the strategies for minimisation and management of R&R waste in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approachDesktop study, semi-structured interviews, site observations and document reviews were used as the data collection methods to achieve the objectives of this research. Considering the nature and characteristics of the industry structure, the snowball sampling process was deployed for data collection. Thematic analysis and content analysis were used for data analysis. Waste minimisation and management strategies for R&R projects were then discussed and developed by the research team and a focus group meeting was held to validate the research findings. Six strategies were then proposed to the government.FindingsR&R projects contribute 10–20% of the construction and demolition waste. The barriers to recycling of R&R waste can be grouped into six major categories: (1) lack of sorting and storage spaces, (2) high cost, (3) insufficient government supporting policy, (4) complicated recycling processes, (5) immature recycling market and (6) insufficient public education. Also, six strategies are proposed in this study, which include (1) pre-refurbishment audit, (2) development of recycling market, (3) sea reclamation, (4) incineration, (5) government support and (6) education and research.Originality/valueThe strategies and measures proposed in this research could most adequately serve as reference for the government officials, building professionals and academic researchers. Such knowledge would make possible the development of effective strategies and measures for minimising and managing R&R waste.

Mobile Value Added Services in Fiji

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Milind Sathye ◽  
Biman Prasad ◽  
Dharmendra Sharma ◽  
Parmendra Sharma ◽  
Suneeta Sathye
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phones ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Business Growth ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
The Government ◽  
Institutional Drivers ◽  
Micro Enterprises

While mobile phones are making significant inroads in many developing countries, little is known about the institutional drivers, policy barriers and industry challenges that affect their use for business growth of micro- enterprises. The authors address this gap. After conducting semi-structured interviews of 74 women-owned micro entrepreneurs and ten key informants from the government and industry in Fiji, the authors found that appropriate policy framework, supporting infrastructure and appropriate ecosystem are required for rapid uptake of mobile value added services by women-owned micro entrepreneurs. They contribute by proposing a revised technology adoption framework as well as the four shackles theory of women micro entrepreneurs' empowerment and emancipation. The authors also highlight the policy initiatives necessary to accelerate the growth of women-owned micro enterprises by mobile value added services which could also guide other developing and emerging economies.

Integrating corporate social responsibility into efforts to realize millennium development goals

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Katamba ◽  
Cedric Marvin Nkiko ◽  
Charles Tushabomwe-Kazooba ◽  
Sulayiman Babiiha Mpisi ◽  
Imelda Kemeza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Millennium Development Goals ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Theory Approach ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
The Government ◽  
Corporate Social

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present corporate social responsibility (CSR) as an alternative roadmap to accelerating realization of Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) in Uganda, even after 2015. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed research methodology, this research documented CSR activities of 16 companies operating in Uganda. Data collection was guided by quantitative and qualitative methodologies (semi-structured interviews with CSR managers, plus non-participant observation of CSR activities and projects linked with MDGs). Triangulation was used to ensure credibility and validity of the results. For data analysis, the authors followed a three-stepwise process, which helped to develop a framework within which the collected data could be analyzed. For generalization of the findings, the authors were guided by the “adaptive theory approach”. Findings – Uganda will not realize any MDGs by 2015. However, CSR activities have the potential to contribute to a cross-section of various MDGs that are more important and relevant to Uganda when supported by the government. If this happens, realization of the MDGs is likely to be stepped up. CSR's potential contributions to the MDGs were found to be hindered by corruption and cost of doing business. Lastly, MDG 8 and MDG 3 were perceived to be too ambiguous to be integrated into company CSR interventions, and to a certain extent were perceived to be carrying political intentions which conflict with the primary business intentions of profit maximization. Practical implications – Governments in developing countries that are still grappling with the MDGs can use this research when devising collaborations with private-sector companies. These documented CSR activities that contribute directly to specific MDGs can be factored into the priority public-private partnership arrangements. Private companies can also use these findings to frame their stakeholder engagement, especially with the government and also when setting CSR priorities that significantly contribute to sustainable development. Originality value – This research advances the “Post-2015 MDG Development Agenda” suggested during the United Nations MDG Summit in 2010, which called for academic and innovative contributions on how MDGs can be realized even after 2015.

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