Civilizar a los bárbaros. La historiografía como discurso ordenador de la ‘Polis’: Chile 1980 - 2010

Sílex ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-74
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Salinas Campos
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The West ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Andres Bello

El modelo historiográfico oficial en Chile entre 1980 y 2010 obedeció casi del todo al paradigma ‘civilización / barbarie’ de Occidente. Este canon estuvo inspirado en pensadores anglosajones como Paul Johnson, Samuel Huntington y Eric Hobsbawm, quienes visitaron Chile en aquellos años. El binomio ‘civilización / barbarie’ republicano se inicia con la influencia capital e inconmovible de Andrés Bello, quien determinó los modos de ‘escribir’ la historia, junto a otros pensadores europeos del siglo xix. Desde allí no se ha dejado de comprender el tiempo colectivo como un ‘nomos’ lineal de orden público. En estas condiciones, pensar la historia es una forma particular de hacer política: civilizar a los bárbaros. The official historiographic model in Chile between 1980 and 2010 was almost entirely due to the paradigm ‘civilization / barbarity’ of the West. This canon was inspired by Anglo-Saxon thinkers such as Paul Johnson, Samuel Huntington and Eric Hobsbawm, who visited Chile in those years. The republican ‘civilization / barbarism’ binomial begins with the capital and unmoved influence of Andrés Bello, who determined the ways of ‘writing’ history, along with other 19th-century European thinkers. From there, collective time has not been understood as a linear ‘nomos’ of public order. In these conditions, thinking about history is a particular way of doing politics: civilizing barbarians.

scholarly journals A carteira escolar está “apta para o seu destino”? argumentos e exigências sobre o mobiliário escolar em Exposições Universais

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Gustavo Rugoni de Sousa ◽  
Ana Paula de Souza Kinchescki ◽  
Vera Lúcia Gaspar da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Pedagogical Practices ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Education ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
School Furniture ◽  
The 19Th Century

O mobiliário escolar é reconhecido como um dos símbolos da educação moderna e ocupou um lugar de destaque em projetos de escolarização da infância no ocidente, principalmente a partir da segunda metade do século XIX. Dentre os diferentes artefatos idealizados para atender exigências pedagógicas e higiênicas, selecionamos a carteira escolar como o fio condutor das análises desenvolvidas neste artigo por entendermos que, além do destaque recebido em impressos em circulação, ela foi considerada nesse período como um dos elementos essenciais para a (con)formação de práticas e condutas. Nessa direção, este trabalho tem como objetivo identificar, em discursos que circularam em Exposições Universais em diferentes formatos, elementos que caracterizavam a carteira escolar adequada para o desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas. Para tanto, são analisados relatórios de Exposições Universais, catálogos de indústrias e dicionários pedagógicos, os quais auxiliaram na identificação de argumentos que defendiam a construção de carteiras escolares que atendessem a um padrão de exigências veiculadas em eventos desse porte. Nessa empreitada foi possível observar um efeito de transbordamento de exigências difundidas nas Exposições Universais no que se refere a saberes e tecnologias empregados na construção de móveis escolares, assim como a elaboração de um conjunto de estratégias que visavam à adequação de escolas primárias de acordo com os modelos referenciados como ideais para a escolarização da infância.Palavras-chave: Mobiliário escolar. Exposições universais. Cultura material escolar.Is the school desk "fit for its destiny"? arguments and requirements on school furniture in Universal ExhibitionsABSTRACTSchool furniture is recognized as one of the symbols of modern education and has occupied a prominent place in childhood schooling projects in the West, mainly from the second half of the 19th century. Among the different artifacts designed to meet pedagogical and hygienic requirements, we selected the school desk as the guiding thread of the analyses conducted in this article because we understand that, in addition to the prominence that it received in printed documents in circulation, it was considered in this period as one of the essential elements for the (con)formation of practices and conducts. In this sense, this work aims to identify, in discourses that circulated in Universal Exhibitions in different formats, elements that characterized the school desk fit for the development of pedagogical practices. For this purpose, reports of Universal Exhibitions, catalogs of industries and pedagogical dictionaries are analyzed, which helped in the identification of arguments that advocated the construction of school desks that met a standard of demands conveyed in such events. In this task, it was possible to observe an overflowing effect of demands disseminated in the Universal  Exhibitions with regard to knowledge and technologies employed in the construction of school furniture, as well as the elaboration of a set of strategies aimed at the adequacy of primary schools in accordance with the models referred to as ideal for the schooling of childhood.Keywords: School furniture. Universal Exhibitions. School material culture. ¿Es el pupitre escolar “adecuado para su destino”? argumentos y exigencias sobre el mobiliario escolar en Exposiciones UniversalesRESUMENEl mobiliario escolar es reconocido como uno de los símbolos de la educación moderna y ha ocupado un lugar prominente en los proyectos de escolarización de la infancia en Occidente, principalmente desde la segunda mitad del siglo XIX. Entre los diferentes artefactos diseñados para satisfacer las exigencias pedagógicas e higiénicas, seleccionamos el pupitre escolar como el hilo conductor de los análisis desarrollados en este artículo porque se entiende que, además del énfasis recibido en impresos en circulación, se consideró en este período como uno de los elementos esenciales para la (con)formación de prácticas y conductas. En esta dirección, este artículo pretende identificar, en los discursos que circularon en Exposiciones Universales en diferentes formatos, elementos que caracterizaron el pupitre escolar adecuado para el desarrollo de prácticas pedagógicas. Para ello, se analizan informes de Exposiciones Universales, catálogos de industrias y diccionarios pedagógicos, los cuales ayudaron en la identificación de argumentos que abogaban por la construcción de pupitres escolares que atendieran un patrón de demandas transmitidas en tales eventos. En esta investigación fue posible observar un efecto desbordante de las demandas difundidas en las Exposiciones Universales con respecto a los conocimientos y tecnologías empleadas en la construcción de muebles escolares, así como la elaboración de un conjunto de estrategias dirigidas a la adecuación de las escuelas primarias de acuerdo con los modelos considerados ideales para la escolarización de la infancia.Palabras clave: Mobiliario escolar. Exposiciones Universales. Cultura material escolar.

Durkheim y Freud: Autoridad disciplinaria, Individuo y Neurosis. / Durkheim and Freud: Disciplinary Authority, Individual and Neurosis.

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (02) ◽  
pp. 45-67
Author(s):  
Nelson Beyer
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Social Form ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
The Relationship

Se presentan en este artículo los vínculos existentes entre el concepto de autoridad disciplinaria y el concepto de neurosis, a partir de un examen de los procesos de individuación asociados a dicho entrecruzamiento. Interrogar por el tipo de individuo que se fabrica en una determinada forma social, permite situar el análisis simultáneamente en el doble registro de lo psíquico y lo histórico. En este sentido, las “neurosis freudianas” favorecen la identificación de los contornos del “individuo disciplinario” que surgió durante el siglo XIX en Europa. This paper analyzes the relationship between the concepts of disciplinary authority and neurosis by paying attention to the process of individuation. The study of the type of individual produced in a specific social form allows situating the analysis simultaneously on a psychic and historic level. In this regard, we will argue that the concept of neurosis developed by Freud might be seen as a path to identify the contours of the “disciplinary individual” that emerged during the European 19th Century.

scholarly journals Women and Orientalism: 19th century Representations of the Harem by European female travellers and Ottoman women

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Thisaranie Herath
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
The West ◽  
Cultural Exchanges ◽  
Private Spaces ◽  
The Way

The inaccessibility of the Ottoman harems to European males helped perpetuate the image of the harem as purely sexual in nature and contributed to imperialistic discourse that positioned the East as inferior to the West. It was only with the emergence of female travellers and artists that Europe was afforded a brief glimpse into the source of their fantasies; however, whether these accounts catered to or challenged the normative imperialist discourse of the day remains controversial. Emerging scholarship also highlights the way in which harem women themselves were able to control the depiction of their private spaces to suit their own needs, serving to highlight how nineteenth century depictions of the harem were a series of cross-cultural exchanges and negotiations between male Orientalists, female European travellers, and shrewd Ottoman women. 

The Britons in Southern Scotland

Antiquity ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 29 (114) ◽  
pp. 77-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Roman Period ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
Medieval Period ◽  
The West ◽  
Early Medieval Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Dark Ages ◽  
The People ◽  
Northern Portion

The archaeological background of the people of what is now Scotland south of the Forth and Clyde in the Roman period was a La Téne one, and specifically chiefly Iron Age B. This links them intimately with the Britons of southern Britain in the conglomeration of Celtic tribes who called themselves Brittones and spoke what we call the Brittonic or Ancient British form of Celtic, from which are descended the three modern languages of Welsh, Cornish and Breton. To the north of the Forth was a different people, the Picts. They too were Celts or partly Celts; probably not Brittones however, but a different branch of the Celtic race, though more closely related to the Brittones than to the Goidels of Ireland and (in later times) of the west of Scotland. Not being Brittonic, the Picts may be ignored here. Our southern Scottish Brittones are nothing but the northern portion of a common Brittonic population, from the southern portion of which come the people of Wales and Cornwall. Some historians speak of the northern Brittones as Welsh, following good Anglo-Saxon precedent, but this is apt to lead to confusion. The best term for them, in the Dark Ages and early Medieval period, as long as they survived, is ‘Cumbrians’, and for their language, ‘Cumbric’. They called themselves in Latin Cumbri and Cumbrenses, which is a Latinization of the native word Cymry, meaning ‘fellow-countrymen’, which both they and the Welsh used of themselves in common, and is still the Welsh name for the Welsh to the present day. The centre of their power was Strathclyde, the Clyde valley, with their capital at Dumbarton.

The Progress of English Place-Name Studies since 1901

Antiquity ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 35 (140) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Bruce Dickins
Keyword(s):  
Emeritus Professor ◽  
Place Names ◽  
Anglo Saxon ◽  
The West ◽  
Cambridge University ◽  
University Of Cambridge ◽  
The University

In this article, Professor Bruce Dickins, Emeritus Professor of Anglo-Saxon in the University of Cambridge and sometime Director of the Survey, takes the opportunity of the publication of two general surveys of English Place-Names and of three volumes of the West Riding Survey, to discuss the development of English Place-Name Studies in the last sixty years. The books he here discusses are:–THE ORIGIN OF ENGLISH PLACE-NAMES by P. H. Reaney. London, Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960 (second impression 1961). pp. x + 278. 32s. net.ENGLISH PLACE-NAMES. By Kenneth Cameron. London, Batsford. 1961. pp. 256 and 8 plates. 30$. net.THE PLACE-NAMES OF THE WEST RIDING OF YORKSHIRE. By A. H. Smith. Parts I-III (English Place-Name Society, Vols. XXX-XXXII). Cambridge, University Press, 1961. pp. xii + 346 + map, pp. xii + 322 + map, pp. xiv + 278 + map. 35s. net per volume.

The Politics of Sacred Lineages in 19th-Century Central Asia: Descent Groups Linked to Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi in Shrine Documents and Genealogical Charters

1999 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin DeWeese
Keyword(s):  
Central Asia ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Religious History ◽  
The West ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
12Th Century ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Town

Khwaja Ahmad Yasavi, the celebrated saint of Central Asia who lived most likely in the late 12th century, is perhaps best known as a Sufi shaykh and (no doubt erroneously) as a mystical poet; his shrine in the town now known as Turkistan, in southern Kazakhstan, has been an important religious center in Central Asia at least since the monumental mausoleum that still stands was built, by order of Timur, at the end of the 14th century. While Yasavi's shrine, owing to the predilections of Soviet scholarship, was extensively studied by architectural historians and archeologists, its role in social and religious history has received scant attention; at the same time, Ahmad Yasavi's legacy as a Sufi shaykh has itself been the subject of considerable misunderstanding, resulting from two related tendencies in past scholarship: to approach the Yasavi tradition as little more than a sideline to the historically dominant Naqshbandiyya, and to regard it as a phenomenon definable in “ethnic” terms, as limited to an exclusively Turkic environment. Even less well known in the West, however, is one aspect of Ahmad Yasavi's legacy that is of increasing significance in contemporary Central Asia, as the region's religious heritage is recovered and redefined in the wake of the Soviet Union's collapse—namely, the distinctive familial communities that define themselves in terms of descent from Yasavi's family, and have historically claimed specific prerogatives associated with Yasavi's shrine.

The Relationship between Trade and Foreign Direct Investment: Testing Ahmed Midhat Efendi's Hypothesis

2008 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-549
Author(s):  
V. Necla Geyikdagi
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Ottoman Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
The West ◽  
Normative Framework ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Independent Thinking

“Jack of all trades” Ahmed Midhat Efendi, one of the most famous and popular Ottoman writers of the 19th century, ranged widely in his subject matter, which included economics. Although he was criticized for not having a proper education in the field, his independent thinking made him the most important critic of the laissez-faire system that prevailed in the Ottoman Empire. He disapproved of the liberalism transferred from the West in a normative framework.

scholarly journals PEMIKIRAN JAMALUDDIN AL-AFGHANI (JAMAL AD-DIN AL-AFGHANI) (1838 – 1897 M)

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Akmal Hawi
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
The West ◽  
Unique Position ◽  
Islamic Reform ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The People ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

The 19th century to the 20th century is a moment in which Muslims enter a new gate, the gate of renewal. This phase is often referred to as the century of modernism, a century where people are confronted with the fact that the West is far ahead of them. This situation made various responses emerging, various Islamic groups responded in different ways based on their Islamic nature. Some respond with accommodative stance and recognize that the people are indeed doomed and must follow the West in order to rise from the downturn. Others respond by rejecting anything coming from the West because they think it is outside of Islam. These circles believe Islam is the best and the people must return to the foundations of revelation, this circle is often called the revivalists. One of the figures who is an important figure in Islamic reform, Jamaluddin Al-Afghani, a reformer who has its own uniqueness, uniqueness, and mystery. Departing from the division of Islamic features above, Afghani occupies a unique position in responding to Western domination of Islam. On the one hand, Afghani is very moderate by accommodating ideas coming from the West, this is done to improve the decline of the ummah. On the other hand, however, Afghani appeared so loudly when it came to the question of nationality or on matters relating to Islam. As a result, Afghani traces his legs on two different sides, he is a modernist but also a fundamentalist. 

scholarly journals Un paisaje sacralizado por grabados rupestres protohistóricos e históricos en las hoces del río Mesa (Calmarza, Zaragoza) = A Sacralized Landscape by Protohistoric and Historical Rock Engravings in the Gorges of the River Mesa (Calmarza, Zaragoza)

2020 ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
José Ignacio Royo Guillén ◽  
Francisco José Navarro Cabeza ◽  
Serafín Benedí Monge
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Rock Art ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
The Third ◽  
Christian Iconography ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
The 19Th Century

Los estudios sobre grabados rupestres al aire libre de cronología postpaleolítica, adolecen de importantes carencias que, en el valle medio del Ebro, se han visto superadas con la llegada del tercer milenio. Con la presentación de este trabajo se pretende dar a conocer un nuevo núcleo de grabados rupestres, localizado en el extremo suroeste de la provincia de Zaragoza, en las gargantas calcáreas del río Mesa. Entre los nuevos enclaves rupestres, destacan los abrigos con grabados protohistóricos, pero muy especialmente los de cronología medieval andalusí y los de iconografía cristiana entre los siglos XIV y XVIII, con perduraciones hasta mediados del siglo XIX y algunas escenas relacionadas con la primera Guerra Carlista en Aragón. La distribución de los hallazgos, su tipología e iconografía y los restos arqueológicos asociados, permiten documentar una importante ocupación del territorio desde la Iª Edad del Hierro y la sacralización del paisaje a través del arte rupestre, con pervivencias que se perpetúan a lo largo de la Edad Media y Moderna, destacando como novedad la presencia de un importante conjunto de inscripciones epigráficas islámicas que deben situarse entre los siglos XI y XII. AbstractThe studies on open-air rock engravings in post-Paleolithic chronology suffer from important deficiencies, which in the middle valley of the Ebro, have been overcome with the arrival of the third millennium.With the presentation of this work, the aim is to make known a new nucleus of rock engravings, located in the extreme southwest of the province of Zaragoza, in the limestone gorges of the River Mesa. Among the new rock engravings, the shelters with protohistoric engravings stand out, but especially those with a medieval Andalusian chronology and those with Christian iconography between the 14th and 18th centuries, which lasted until the middle of the 19th century and some scenes related to the first Carlist War in Aragon. The distribution of the findings, their typology and iconography and the associated archaeological remains, allow us to document an important occupation of the territory since the First Iron Age and the sacralization of the landscape through rock art, with survivals that are perpetuated throughout the Middle and Modern Ages, highlighting as a novelty the presence of an important set of Islamic epigraphic inscriptions that must be located between the 11th and 12th centuries.

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