Evaluation of Dynamic Materials Procured from Waste Biomass

Methyl acrylate (MA) monomer was graft copolymerized onto Hibiscus sabdariffa stem fiber and used to explore the additive effect of vinyl acrylate (VA) and ethyl acrylate (EA) on percentage grafting and the properties of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft copolymers were reinforced into phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix to form biocomposites and characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, and SEM techniques. They were evaluated for physico-chemical changes in properties like moisture absorption at different relative humidity levels and chemical resistance against 1 N NaOH and 1 N HCl. These graft copolymers-reinforced biocomposites had higher mechanical strength like hardness, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, and stress at the limit of proportionality. These novel materials can have numerous scientific and industrial applications for the development of technology.

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Accreditation of Novel Roselle Grafted Fiber Reinforced Bio-Composites

Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics ◽

10.1177/155892501200700210 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 155892501200700 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashish Chauhan ◽

Balbir Kaith

Keyword(s):

Moisture Absorption ◽

Elasticity Modulus ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Crystallinity Index ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

Fiber Reinforced ◽

Morphological Transformation ◽

Physico Chemical ◽

Uptake Studies

The reaction parameters for the graft co-polymerization of efficient Butyl acrylate (BA) monomer onto Hibiscus sabdariffa (Roselle) stem fiber were optimized and used to further explore the additive effect of methyl acrylate (MA), vinyl acetate (VA) and styrene (Sty) on percentage grafting, properties and the behavior of the fiber, in binary vinyl monomeric mixtures. The graft co-polymers were characterized by XRD, TGA, DTA, SEM and FTIR techniques and evaluated for physico-chemical changes like moisture absorption, swelling behavior, dye uptake studies and chemical resistance against 1N NaOH and 1N HCl. With increase in percentage grafting the percentage crystallinity, crystallinity index, and hydrophylicity were reduced whereas there was an increase in physico-chemico-thermal resistance, hydrophobicity, miscibility with organic solvents as a result of morphological transformation in these fibers. These modified graft copolymers were then used as reinforcement in phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix as reinforcement and evaluated mechanically for modulus of elasticity, modulus of rupture, stress at the limit of proportionality and hardness. The composites reinforced with grafted fiber had better strength than raw fiber reinforced composites and phenoplast.

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Physical, chemical, thermal, and mechanical assessments of Roselle-reinforced composites

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2012-0503 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 32 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ashish Chauhan ◽

Balbir Singh

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Strength ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Chemical Resistance ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Graft Copolymers ◽

Young Modulus ◽

Hibiscus Sabdariffa ◽

Reinforced Composites ◽

High Mechanical Strength ◽

Physicochemical Changes

Abstract Hibiscus sabdariffa stem fiber has 73.9% cellulose, high mechanical strength and is found in abundance throughout the world. Hibiscus sabdariffa graft copolymers were synthesized, characterized by FTIR, XRD, TGA, DTA, and SEM techniques, and evaluated for physicochemical changes in properties such as moisture absorption, chemical resistance against 1 n NaOH and 1 n HCl. These graft copolymers were reinforced in phenol-formaldehyde polymer matrix to form biocomposites that were characterized by advanced techniques and evaluated for physicochemicothermal resistance. The mechanical strength was accessed on the basis of hardness, flexural strength, Young modulus, and stress at the limit of proportionality, which was found to be high. These novel materials could have numerous scientific and industrial application to pave the way for development of technology.

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Synthesis and Evaluation of Advanced Graft Copolymers

Progress in Rubber Plastics and Recycling Technology ◽

10.1177/147776061202800103 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (1) ◽

pp. 27-42

Author(s):

Ashish Chauhan ◽

Balbir Kaith

Keyword(s):

Moisture Absorption ◽

Graft Copolymers ◽

Gentian Violet ◽

Monomer Concentration ◽

Crystallinity Index ◽

Ethyl Acrylate ◽

Ceric Ammonium Nitrate ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Graft Yield ◽

Xrd Techniques

The paper deals with characterisation and evaluation of the transformations in waste biomass Hibiscus sabdariffa stem fibre on graft copolymerisation with ethyl acrylate (EA) and butyl acrylate (BA) monomer, using a ceric ammonium nitrate–nitric acid initiator system. Different reaction parameters, such as temperature, time, initiator concentration, monomer concentration, and pH, were optimised to obtain the maximum graft yield. The graft copolymers thus formed were characterised by FTIR, SEM, TGA, DTA, and XRD techniques. The swelling behaviour of graft copolymers in different solvents was studied and screened for dye uptake behaviour in 0.1% gentian violet dye. With increase in percentage grafting, the percentage crystallinity, crystallinity index, and moisture absorption were found to decrease, whereas the chemical resistance (against 1N HCl and 1N NaOH), thermal resistance, and solubility in organic solvents were found to increase.

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Synthesis, Characterization and Mechanical Evaluation of the Phenol-Formaldehyde Composites

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/328426 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (s1) ◽

pp. S1015-S1020 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

B. S. Kaith ◽

Aashish Chauhan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Compressive Strength ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Physico Chemical

Phenol: formaldehyde ratio was varied in the synthesis of phenol- formaldehyde resin and used to prepare the composites. These composites were then evaluated for their mechanical strength on the basis of tensile strength, compressive strength and wear resistance. Composite with better strength was characterized by IR, SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA and further studies were carried out for its physico-chemical and mechanical properties like viscosity, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP)etc.

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Microwave Enhanced Synthesis of Flax-g-poly(MMA) for Use in Phenolic Composites as Reinforcement

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/392932 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Susheel Kalia ◽

B. S. Kaith

Keyword(s):

Graft Copolymerization ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Graft Copolymers ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

X Ray ◽

Optimum Reaction ◽

Xrd Techniques ◽

Scanning Electron

Graft copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) onto flax fiber under the influence of microwave radiations (MWR) was carried out. 24.64% grafting was found at 210W microwave power under optimum reaction conditions. The graft copolymers were characterized with FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. Graft copolymers thus prepared were used in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde (PF) composites. Modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP) of composites were measured and it has been found that composites reinforced with Flax-g-poly(MMA) showed better mechanical properties in comparison to composites reinforced with raw flax.

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Mechanical Properties of Phenolic Composites Reinforced with Flax-g-copolymers Prepared under Different Reaction Conditions - A Comparative Study

E-Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2008/538397 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 177-184 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Susheel Kalia ◽

B. S. Kaith

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Wear Resistance ◽

Acrylic Acid ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Ethyl Acrylate ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Reaction Conditions ◽

Reinforcing Material

Graft copolymers of methyl methacrylate (MMA) and its binary mixtures such as MMA + ethyl acrylate (EA), MMA + acrylonitrile (AN), MMA + acrylic acid (AA), MMA + vinyl acetate (VA), MMA + acrylamide (AAm) and MMA + styrene (Sty) with flax fiber have been prepared in air (IA) and under the influence of microwave radiations (MWR). Synthesized flax-g-copolymers under two different reaction conditions were used as reinforcing material in the preparation of phenol-formaldehyde composites. Mechanical properties such as wear resistance, modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE) and stress at the limit of proportionality (SP) were measured and a comparative studied has been made. It has been found that composites reinforced with flax-g-copolymers-MWR showed better mechanical properties in comparison to composites reinforced with flax-g-copolymers-IA

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Oxa-Michael polyaddition of vinylsulfonylethanol for aliphatic polyethersulfones

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1py00256b ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole Ziegenbalg ◽

Ruth Lohwasser ◽

Giovanni D’Andola ◽

Torben Adermann ◽

Johannes Christopher Brendel

Keyword(s):

Refractive Index ◽

High Temperature ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Chemical Resistance ◽

High Refractive Index ◽

Industrial Applications ◽

Interesting Class ◽

The Common ◽

Flame Retardant Properties

Polyethersulfones are an interesting class of polymers for industrial applications due to their unusual properties such as a high refractive index, flame-retardant properties, high temperature and chemical resistance. The common...

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RICE STRAW/THERMOPLASTIC COMPOSITE: EFFECT OF FILLER LOADING, POLYMER TYPE AND MOISTURE ABSORPTION ON THE PERFORMANCE

CERNE ◽

10.1590/01047760201622042192 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 449-456 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Hossein Mohammadi ◽

Seyedmohammad Mirmehdi ◽

Lisiane Nunes Hugen

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Rice Straw ◽

Moisture Absorption ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Filler Loading ◽

Thermoplastic Composite ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thermoplastic Composites ◽

Composite Effect ◽

Wet Condition

ABSTRAT Thermoplastic composites made with 45, 60 and 75% of rice straw as filler and two types of thermoplastics, virgin polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) were evaluated. The final boards were made with and without maleic anhydride modified polypropylene (MAPP) at 2% of the total weight of each specimen. The flexural and tensile strengths were measured for dry composites and also measured after 24 h of water immersion of the composites (wet condition). By increasing the filler content, the flexural and tensile strengths and also the density of the specimens decreased. The type of matrix (PE or PP) did not affect significantly the flexural strength, but PP led to higher values of tensile strength for low fiber loadings (45% and 60%). Coupling agents increased the flexural and tensile strength. After water immersion, modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture were decreased, while tensile strength was less influenced.

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