scholarly journals Tumor Vascular Morphology Undergoes Dramatic Changes during Outgrowth of B16 Melanoma While Proangiogenic Gene Expression Remains Unchanged

ISRN Oncology ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elise Langenkamp ◽  
Franziska M. vom Hagen ◽  
Peter J. Zwiers ◽  
Henk E. Moorlag ◽  
Jan P. Schouten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Major Change ◽  
Drug Regimen ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Separate Analysis ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Vascular Morphology ◽  
Vessel Morphology ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Growth Stages

In established tumors, angiogenic endothelial cells (ECs) coexist next to “quiescent” EC in matured vessels. We hypothesized that angio-gene expression of B16.F10 melanoma would differ depending on the growth stage. Unraveling the spatiotemporal nature thereof is essential for drug regimen design aimed to affect multiple neovascularization stages. We determined the angiogenic phenotype—represented by 52 angio-genes—and vascular morphology of small, intermediate, and large s.c. growing mouse B16.F10 tumors and demonstrated that expression of these genes did not differ between the different growth stages. Yet vascular morphology changed dramatically from small vessels without lumen in small to larger vessels with increased lumen size in intermediate/large tumors. Separate analysis of these vascular morphologies revealed a significant difference in αSMA expression in relation to vessel morphology, while no relation with VEGF, HIF-1α, nor Dll4 expression levels was observed. We conclude that the tumor vasculature remains actively engaged in angiogenesis during B16.F10 melanoma outgrowth and that the major change in tumor vascular morphology does not follow molecular concepts generated in other angiogenesis models.

Gene expression analysis of peach fruit at different growth stages and with different susceptibility to Monilinia laxa

2014 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michela Guidarelli ◽  
Paola Zubini ◽  
Valentina Nanni ◽  
Claudio Bonghi ◽  
Angela Rasori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Gene Expression Analysis ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Monilinia Laxa ◽  
Peach Fruit ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Effects of Fis on Escherichia coli gene expression during different growth stages

Microbiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 153 (9) ◽  
pp. 2922-2940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meranda D. Bradley ◽  
Michael B. Beach ◽  
A. P. Jason de Koning ◽  
Timothy S. Pratt ◽  
Robert Osuna
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Different Growth Stages

scholarly journals Lifestyle Characteristics and Gene Expression Analysis of Colletotrichum camelliae Isolated from Tea Plant [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] Based on Transcriptome

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Fei Xiong ◽  
Yuchun Wang ◽  
Qinhua Lu ◽  
Xinyuan Hao ◽  
Wanping Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Tea Plant ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Melanin Biosynthesis ◽  
Go Enrichment ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Interactive Relationship ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Biological Process Category ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Colletotrichum camelliae is one of the most serious pathogens causing anthracnose in tea plants, but the interactive relationship between C. camelliae and tea plants has not been fully elucidated. This study investigated the gene expression changes in five different growth stages of C. camelliae based on transcriptome analysis to explain the lifestyle characteristics during the infection. On the basis of gene ontology (GO) enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in comparisons of germ tube (GT)/conidium (Con), appressoria (App)/Con, and cellophane infectious hyphae (CIH)/Con groups, the cellular process in the biological process category and intracellular, intracellular part, cell, and cell part in the cellular component category were significantly enriched. Hydrolase activity, catalytic activity, and molecular_function in the molecular function category were particularly enriched in the infection leaves (IL)/Con group. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis indicated that the DEGs were enriched in the genetic information processing pathway (ribosome) at the GT stage and the metabolism pathway (metabolic pathways and biosynthesis of secondary metabolism) in the rest of the stages. Interestingly, the genes associated with melanin biosynthesis and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZys), which are vital for penetration and cell wall degradation, were significantly upregulated at the App, CIH and IL stages. Subcellular localization results further showed that the selected non-annotated secreted proteins based on transcriptome data were majorly located in the cytoplasm and nucleus, predicted as new candidate effectors. The results of this study may establish a foundation and provide innovative ideas for subsequent research on C. camelliae.

scholarly journals Response of Cotton Varieties to the Stage of Topping under Rainfed Condition of Bardiya, Nepal

2006 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 165-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
KB Basnet
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Cotton Yield ◽  
Seed Cotton ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Seed Cotton Yield ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Different Growth Stages

A field experiment was conducted to study the impact of topping at different growth stages (3-4, 6-7, 9-10 and 12-13 sympodial branches) on productivity of two (Tamcot SP-37 and H-777) cotton varieties under rainfed condition at the Kumbher Farm (Bardiya district) of Cotton Development Board in 1995. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The interaction effect between variety and stages of topping showed that significantly higher yield (1.23 t/ha) was produced by topping plants at the stage of 12-13 sympodial banches of the variety Tamcot SP-37 as compared to all other treatments. At all stages of topping the yield produced by Tamcot SP-37 was significantly higher than H-777. The average seed cotton yield (1.03 t/ha) of Tamcot SP-37 was significantly higher than that of H- 777 (0.71 t/ha) and the difference in yield was 45.0%. The seed-cotton yield increased from 0.75 to 1.00 t/ ha with the postponed of topping from 3-4 to 12-13 sympodial branches, but significant difference was recorded between late (12-13 sympodial branches) and early (3-4 and 6-7 sympodial branches) stages of topping. Thus, for rainfed condition of Bardiya Tamcot SP-37 was a suitable variety with 12-13 sympodial branches as an appropriate stage of topping for sustainable production of cotton. Key words: Variety, topping, sympodial branches. J. Inst. Agric. Anim. Sci. 27:165-168 (2006)

scholarly journals Dynamic changes of genomic methylation profiles at different growth stages in Chinese Tan sheep

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yufang Liu ◽  
Qiao Xu ◽  
Xiaolong Kang ◽  
Kejun Wang ◽  
Jve Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Bisulfite Sequencing ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Tan Sheep ◽  
Genomic Methylation ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract Background Tan sheep, an important local sheep breed in China, is famous for their fur quality. One-month-old Tan sheep have white, curly hair with beautiful flower spikes, commonly known as “nine bends”, which has high economic value. However, the “nine bends” characteristic gradually disappears with age; consequently, the economic value of the Tan sheep decreases. Age-related changes in DNA methylation have been reported and may be responsible for age-induced changes in gene expression. Until now, no genome-wide surveys have been conducted to identify potential DNA methylation sites involved in different sheep growth stages. In this study we investigated the dynamic changes of genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in Tan sheep using DNA from skin and deep whole-genome bisulfite sequencing, and compared the DNA methylation levels at three different growth stages: 1, 24, and 48 months old (mon1, mon24, and mon48, respectively). Results In this study, 11 skin samples from three growth stages (four for mon1, four for mon24, and three for mon48) were used for DNA methylation analysis and gene expression profiling. There were 52, 288 and 236 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) identified between mon1 and mon24, mon1 and mon48, and mon24 and mon48, respectively. Of the differentially methylated regions, 1.11%, 7.61%, and 7.65% were in the promoter in mon1 vs. mon24, mon24 vs. mon48, and mon1 vs. mon48, respectively. DMGs were enriched in the MAPK and WNT signaling pathways, which are related to age growth and hair follicle morphogenesis processes. There were 51 DMGs associated with age growth and curly fleece formation. Four DMGs between mon1 and mon48 (KRT71, CD44, ROR2 and ZDHHC13) were further validated by bisulfite sequencing. Conclusions This study revealed dynamic changes in the genomic methylation profiles of mon1, mon24, and mon48 sheep, and the percentages of methylated cytosines were 3.38%, 2.85% and 4.17%, respectively. Of the DMGs, KRT71 and CD44 were highly methylated in mon1, and ROR2 and ZDHHC13 were highly methylated in mon48. These findings provide foundational information that may be used to develop strategies for potentially retaining the lamb fur and thus improving the economic value of Tan sheep.

Population dynamics of Western corn rootworm beetles on different varieties of maize identified using pheromone and floral baited traps

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1479-1490 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. BEREŚ ◽  
S. DRZEWIECKI ◽  
M. NAKONIECZNY ◽  
M. TARNAWSKA ◽  
J. GUZIK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Baited Traps ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Different Growth Stages

SUMMARYThe present paper presents details of the population dynamics of Diabrotica v. virgifera LeConte beetles on six maize varieties of three different maturity classes, i.e. early (FAO 190), medium-early (FAO 250) and medium-late (FAO 280–300), grown in Central and Eastern Europe. The study was conducted in 2009/10 in the south-eastern part of Poland. The D. virgifera beetles were captured using two types of trap: pheromone (PTs) and floral-baited (FTs). Significant differences in beetle counts were found between: (i) the first and second year of the study (higher in 2009 than in 2010); (ii) the varieties of maize and their different growth stages; (iii) early and medium-late varieties of maize. Initially, depending on the availability of maize silk and pollen, the most numerous D. virgifera beetles were found on the early varieties followed by the medium-late varieties. The study also revealed a significant difference in the performance of the two types of trap used to monitor the number of adults, particularly during the initial period when arrival rates were high. Pheromone traps were more effective in catching D. virgifera beetles, especially during the flowering stage of maize. Floral-baited traps were most effective at the end of the active growth of maize, when the preferred food of D. virgifera was unavailable.

Comparing environmental microbiota of different growth stages of fresh water turtle Chinemys reevesii in pond and greenhouse cultivation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiguo Zhou ◽  
Shaolin Xie ◽  
Di Sun ◽  
Pan Zhang ◽  
Zhengkun Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Quality Adjustment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Abstract The microbial community structure is an important indicator for evaluating the water quality of the aquaculture environment. In this study, V4 regions of 16S rRNA gene of pond (PC) and greenhouse cultured (GC) C. reevesii were sequenced. Results showed that a total of 1,993,090 high quality counts and 105,159 observed OUTs were obtained; and the Chao1 richness estimator of PC was significantly higher than that of GC groups. Beta-diversity showed that the microbiota of two groups were isolated from each other. In addition, the correlation analysis of environmental factors showed that NO2-N, PH, PO4-P, and stocking density played significant roles in the bacterial community composition. The dominant phyla in PC groups were cyanobacteria, proteobacteria, actinobacteria, bacteroidetes, verrucomicrobia, planctomycetes; and in GC groups were proteobacteria, bacteroidetes, firmicutes, cyanobacteria, chloroflexi, actinobacteria. The functional prediction showed that the top5 Picrust prediction gene functions were protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, retinol metabolism, proteasome, glycan binding proteins, and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis. Meanwhile, the numbers and types of KEGG pathway annotations showed a significant difference between the two cultivation environments. The prediction of bacterial phenotype implied that the GC environment is more likely to deteriorate, and turtles are more susceptible to pathogens than those of PC environment. This is the first report to explore and understand the difference of microbiota characteristics between different cultivation environments in different growth stages of C. reevesii, which will provide basic data for water quality adjustment, disease prevention, and healthy breeding of turtle.

scholarly journals Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) shoot saponins: identification and bio-activity by the assessment of aphid feeding

2010 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Mazahery-Laghab ◽  
B. Yazdi-Samadi ◽  
M. Bagheri ◽  
A. R. Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Biological Role ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Oral Toxicity ◽  
Medicagenic Acid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Biochemical components in alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), such as saponins, can act as protecting factors against bio-stresses. Saponins are also antifeedants and show oral toxicity towards higher and lower animals. Changes in saponins, such as variation in the carbon skeleton, or hydrolysis of saponin glycosides and other conjugates, may change their biological effects. The aims of this research were to study saponin variation in different growth stages of alfalfa and to investigate the biological role of saponins in the spotted alfalfa aphid,Therioaphis maculata. Saponins from alfalfa shoots in different growth stages were extracted, chemically purified and analysed by TLC. Specific saponins such as soyasaponin1 from root and shoot and two bisdesmosides of medicagenic acid, one from shoot and another from root tissues, were identified using reference compounds allowing changes in saponin composition during plant development in different shoot tissues of alfalfa to be assessed. The response of the alfalfa aphid to feeding on alfalfa in different growth stages was studied. No significant difference in the survival of aphids, from neonate to adult, was observed, but due to the antibiotic effects of saponins, two differences were found in the onset of nymph production and cumulative nymph production. The results show that the saponin composition in alfalfa changes with plant development and this, in turn, can often negatively affect the development of specific insect pests such as the spotted alfalfa aphid, suggesting a possible biological role of alfalfa saponins.

scholarly journals Evaluation of expression analysis of putrescine n-methyltransferase gene during different stages of growth in the medicinal plant Physalis divaricata (Solanaceae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1430-1437
Author(s):  
ELHAM MOALLEM ◽  
ABDOLLAH GHASEMIPIRBALOUTI ◽  
TAHER NEJADSATTARI ◽  
ALIREZA IRANBAKHSH ◽  
IRAJ MEHREGAN
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Methyltransferase Gene ◽  
Different Growth Stages

Moallem E, Ghasemipirbalouti A, Nejadsattari T, Iranbakhsh A, Mehregan I. 2017. Evaluation of expression analysis of putrescine n-methyltransferase gene during different stages of growth in the medicinal plant Physalis divaricata (Solanaceae). Biodiversitas 18: 1430-1437. Physalis divaricata (Solanaceae) is one of the most prevalent weeds in summer crops. Putrescine Nmethyltransferase (PMT) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of nicotine, tropane alkaloids atropine, scopolamine, cocaine, and calystegines. The present study set to compare PMT gene expression during different growth stages of Ph. divaricata using RT-qPCR assay. RNA extraction was performed from root and leaf samples of a total number of 40 individuals Ph. divaricata at different growth stages (late vegetative and fruiting stages) collected from southwestern Iran. RT-qPCR of cDNA reversely synthesized from RNA was carried out using SYBR®Premix Ex TaqTM II kit. PMT gene expression levels were analyzed using ΔΔCT method. The results showed that expression level of PMT in late vegetative stage samples was significantly higher compared to fruiting stage samples. The expression level of PMT similarly changed in root and leaf samples. Direct visualization of alkaloids in different tissues using Wagner histochemical tests showed more concentrations of alkaloids in leaf idioblasts and root stele.

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