scholarly journals An Effort to Isolate Mycobacterium bovis from Environmental Substrates during Investigations of Bovine Tuberculosis Transmission Sites (Cattle Farms and Wildlife Areas) in Michigan, USA

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E. Fine ◽  
Daniel J. O'Brien ◽  
Scott R. Winterstein ◽  
John B. Kaneene
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Mycobacterial Culture ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Cattle Farms

Deer movements on cattle farms, wildlife feeding, and livestock management practices in Michigan are thought to create opportunities for indirect transmission of Mycobacterium bovis via environmental substrates. To confirm the presence of viable M. bovis in the environment, substrates were collected from 13 farms with culture-confirmed M. bovis in cattle and 5 sites with high prevalence of M. bovis in free-ranging deer. None of the samples processed for mycobacterial culture were positive for M. bovis. Agent, host, and landscape-level factors decrease the probability of detecting M. bovis in the environment using conventional mycobacterial culture. Molecular techniques that increase the probability of M. bovis detection in environmental substrates should be applied to known sites of M. bovis transmission in Michigan. In the interim, epidemiological investigations informed by experimental studies will be most effective in characterizing M. bovis persistence in the environment and its role in the indirect interspecies transmission of M. bovis.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Transmission of Tuberculosis between Wild Boars and Cattle: Genotypical Analysis of Strains by Molecular Epidemiology Techniques

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (9) ◽  
pp. 2766-2771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Serraino ◽  
Giulia Marchetti ◽  
Valeria Sanguinetti ◽  
Maria Cristina Rossi ◽  
Renato Giulio Zanoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Band Pattern ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Tuberculosis Transmission ◽  
Route Of Transmission

An epidemiological survey for the monitoring of bovine tuberculosis transmission was carried out in western Liguria, a region in northern Italy. Fifteen Mycobacterium bovis strains were isolated from 63 wild boar samples (62 from mandibular lymph nodes and 1 from a liver specimen). Sixteen mediastinal lymph nodes of 16 head of cattle were collected, and 15 Mycobacterium bovis strains were subsequently cultured. All M. bovis strains isolated from cattle and wild boars were genotyped by spoligotyping and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis with the IS6110 and IS1081 probes. All M. bovis strains showed the typical spoligotype characterized by the absence of the 39 to 43 spacers in comparison with the number inM. tuberculosis. A total of nine different clusters were identified by spoligotyping. The largest cluster included 9 strains isolated from wild boars and 11 strains isolated from cattle, thus confirming the possibility of transmission between the two animal species. Fingerprinting by RFLP analysis with the IS6110probe showed an identical single-band pattern for 29 of 30 strains analyzed, and only 1 strain presented a five-band pattern. The use of IS1081 as a second probe was useful for differentiation ofM. bovis from M. bovis BCG but not for differentiation among M. bovis strains, which presented the same undifferentiated genomic profile. In relation to the epidemiological investigation, we hypothesized that the feeding in pastures contaminated by cattle discharges could represent the most probable route of transmission of M. bovis between the two animal species. In conclusion, our results confirmed the higher discriminatory power of spoligotyping in relation to that of RFLP analysis for the differentiation of M. bovis genomic profiles. Our data showed the presence of a common M. bovisgenotype in both cattle and wild boars, confirming the possible interspecies transmission of M. bovis.

scholarly journals Is Mycobacterium bovis in the environment important for the persistence of bovine tuberculosis?

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 460-462 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Courtenay ◽  
L.A Reilly ◽  
F.P Sweeney ◽  
V Hibberd ◽  
S Bryan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Significant Source ◽  
Indirect Transmission ◽  
Route Of Infection ◽  
Environmental Reservoir ◽  
Cattle Farms ◽  
Epidemiological Significance

Mycobacterium bovis is the causative agent of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in cattle and wildlife. Direct aerosol contact is thought to be the primary route of infection between conspecifics, whereas indirect transmission via an environmental reservoir of M. bovis is generally perceived not to be a significant source for infection. Here, we report on the application of molecular technology (PCR) to quantify the prevalence of M. bovis in the environment and to explore its epidemiological significance. We show that the detectability of viable M. bovis at badger setts and latrines is strongly linked to the frequency of M. bovis excretion by infected badgers, and that putative M. bovis in the environment is prevalent on a large proportion of endemic cattle farms in Britain. These results raise important questions about the role of an environmental reservoir in bTB persistence.

scholarly journals Herpesvirus surveillance and discovery in zoo-housed ruminants

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0246162
Author(s):  
Teagen G. Partin ◽  
Mark D. Schrenzel ◽  
Josephine Braun ◽  
Carmel L. Witte ◽  
Steven V. Kubiski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
San Diego ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Interspecies Transmission ◽  
Malignant Catarrhal Fever ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Ruminant Species ◽  
Zoological Parks ◽  
Biologic Effects ◽  
Free Ranging

Gammaherpesvirus infections are ubiquitous in captive and free-ranging ruminants and are associated with a variety of clinical diseases ranging from subclinical or mild inflammatory syndromes to fatal diseases such as malignant catarrhal fever. Gammaherpesvirus infections have been fully characterized in only a few ruminant species, and the overall diversity, host range, and biologic effects of most are not known. This study investigated the presence and host distribution of gammaherpesviruses in ruminant species at two facilities, the San Diego Zoo and San Diego Zoo Safari Park. We tested antemortem (blood, nasal or oropharyngeal swabs) or postmortem (internal organs) samples from 715 healthy or diseased ruminants representing 96 species and subspecies, using a consensus-based herpesvirus PCR for a segment of the DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene. Among the 715 animals tested, 161 (22.5%) were PCR and sequencing positive for herpesvirus, while only 11 (6.83%) of the PCR positive animals showed clinical signs of malignant catarrhal fever. Forty-four DPOL genotypes were identified of which only 10 have been reported in GenBank. The data describe viral diversity within species and individuals, identify host ranges of potential new viruses, and address the proclivity and consequences of interspecies transmission during management practices in zoological parks. The discovery of new viruses with wide host ranges and presence of co-infection within individual animals also suggest that the evolutionary processes influencing Gammaherpesvirus diversity are more complex than previously recognized.

A survey on biosecurity and management practices in selected Belgian cattle farms

2014 ◽  
Vol 117 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Sarrazin ◽  
Ann Brigitte Cay ◽  
Jozef Laureyns ◽  
Jeroen Dewulf
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Cattle Farms

scholarly journals Drug susceptibility of Brazilian strains of Mycobacterium bovis using traditional and molecular techniques

2004 ◽  
Vol 99 (7) ◽  
pp. 749-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia M Parreiras ◽  
Francisco CF Lobato ◽  
Andréa P Alencar ◽  
Telma de Figueiredo ◽  
Harrison M Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Drug Susceptibility ◽  
Molecular Techniques

scholarly journals Lesion Distribution and Epidemiology ofMycobacterium bovisin Elk and White-Tailed Deer in South-Western Manitoba, Canada

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd K. Shury ◽  
Doug Bergeson
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Core Area ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Small Core ◽  
The Core ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Culture Positive

Surveillance forMycobacterium bovisin free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) from south-western Manitoba was carried out from 1997 to 2010 to describe the lesions, epidemiology, and geographic distribution of disease. Tissues were cultured from animals killed by hunters, culled for management, blood-tested, or found opportunistically. Period prevalence in elk was approximately six times higher than deer, suggesting a significant reservoir role for elk, but that infected deer may also be involved. Prevalence was consistently higher in elk compared to deer in a small core area and prevalence declines since 2003 are likely due to a combination of management factors instituted during that time. Older age classes and animals sampled from the core area were at significantly higher risk of being culture positive. Positive elk and deer were more likely to be found through blood testing, opportunistic surveillance, and culling compared to hunting. No non-lesioned, culture-positive elk were detected in this study compared to previous studies in red deer.

Should cats be allowed outdoors? A research survey on animal welfare risks for free-ranging cats in Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-339
Author(s):  
DS Machado ◽  
AFF Bragança ◽  
IC Travnik ◽  
AP Rossi ◽  
AC Sant'Anna
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Research Survey ◽  
Free Ranging ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

A need exists for research that contributes to estimating the risk factors associated with the management of outdoor cats (Felis silvestris catus) and addresses the lack of such surveys in Brazil and other Latin American countries. With this in mind we aimed to: i) identify the causal factors affecting the practice of owners allowing their cats to roam freely and; ii) evaluate potential welfare risks associated with the allowance of outdoor access, based on cat owners' reports. An online questionnaire consisting of 25 questions was answered by 8,485 Brazilian cat owners and logistic regression models used to obtain odds ratios. A number of the factors significantly related to owners allowing their cats to have outdoor access were unneutered cats, the manner in which the cat was acquired, residence in rural areas, the number of cats owned, the presence of other pets in the house, younger owner age, owner declaration of not being responsible for the cat, owner perception about the role of the cat in the house, owner knowledge about cats' potential for transmitting diseases, a lack of knowledge about zoonoses, and a lack of knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. The practice of allowing outdoor access was associated with significantly higher odds of owners reporting several welfare issues, such as frequent flea contamination, sporotrichosis, going missing, poisoning, mistreatment, and accidents. We conclude that the practice of allowing outdoor access, as reported by 37.1% of our respondents, may result in risks to feline welfare. Increasing public awareness through campaigns that highlight the risks associated with outdoor access would improve feline management practices and welfare.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Potential Shedding of Mycobacterium bovis in Free-Ranging Raccoons

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Are , R. Berentsen ◽  
Mike , R. Dunbar ◽  
David , R. Marks ◽  
Suelee Robbe-Austerman
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Bovis ◽  
Free Ranging

The pig producer's perspective

1999 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
J. Guise
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Committee Report ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Tail Biting ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
Tail Docking ◽  
The Uk

AbstractThis paper is designed to demonstrate that practical, applied research, which is popular with the farming community, is an important part of the decision-making process. Three recent or current projects are described in areas where strategic and basic science has made an important contribution to the debate but has not provided solutions. Confinement at farrowing, tail biting and fully slatted finishing systems are all areas of concern to producers and legislators alike and these concerns are not confined to the UK. The results of surveys of industrial practice have suggested that: (a) non-confined systems may perform as well as farrowing crates, (b) tail-docking appears an effective control measure for tail biting but more importantly, the relative influence of different management practices is measurable using the techniques described and could provide solutions to the tail-biting problem, and (c) experimental studies of finishing systems have produced ambivalent results and a new approach may be of value. The recent Scientific Veterinary Committee Report of the European Union is used extensively as the basis for the discussion.

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