scholarly journals Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins A and D in the Pathogenesis of Influenza: A New Perspective

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Mawson
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Physiological Limits ◽  
Retinoid Metabolism ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Reduced exposure to solar radiation, leading to a deficiency of vitamin D and hence impaired innate immunity, has been suggested as a trigger for influenza viral replication and as an explanation of seasonal influenza. Although this hypothesis accounts for many unexplained facts about the epidemiology of influenza, gaps remain in understanding the pathogenesis and manifestations of the disease. Several observations suggest a role for vitamin A compounds (retinoids) in the disease. This paper presents a new model of the etiopathogenesis of influenza, suggesting that host resistance and susceptibility depend importantly on the ratio of vitamin D to vitamin A activity. Retinoid concentrations within normal physiological limits appear to inhibit influenza pathogenesis whereas higher background concentrations (i.e., very low vitamin D : A ratios) increase the risk of severe complications of the disease. There is also evidence that influenza-induced or preexisting liver disease, diabetes, and obesity worsen the severity of infection, possibly via liver dysfunction and alterations in retinoid metabolism. The model could be tested by determining the presence of retinoids in the secretions of patients with influenza and by studies of retinoid profiles in patients and controls. Potential strategies for prevention and treatment are discussed.

Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. XX. Determination of Vitamin D in Multivitamin Preparations. Second Collaborative Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 735-745
Author(s):  
Ellen J De Vries ◽  
Frits J Mulder ◽  
Ben Borsje
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Abstract The official first action method for determining vitamin D in multivitamin preparations was modified. The method was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories, using 6 preparations in oil. The preparations consisted of vitamin D at various levels and at various ratios (in w/w) to vitamin A. Three samples contained cholecalciferol and 3 samples contained vitamin D3 from vitamin D3 resin. After outliers were eliminated by the Dixon test, data were analyzed and averages were compared with amounts of vitamin D known to be in each sample. For samples with vitamin D: vitamin A ratios of 1:0.5, 1:5, and 1:10, the mean vitamin D recoveries were 98.8, 94.6, and 90.7%, respectively. The method has been adopted as official final action.

scholarly journals The role of vitamin D in the development of cardiac failure

2009 ◽  
Vol 150 (30) ◽  
pp. 1397-1402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boglárka Szabó ◽  
Béla Merkely ◽  
István Takács
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Cardiac Failure

A krónikus szívelégtelenség leginkább az időseket érintő népbetegség, amelyben a D-vitamin-hiány rendkívül gyakori. A legtöbb D-vitamin a bőrben képződik, ezért a szívelégtelenségben szenvedő betegek életmódja részben magyarázhatja a D-vitamin-hiány gyakoriságát. Azonban egyre több adat támasztja alá azt az elképzelést, hogy a D-vitamin-hiány nemcsak következménye, hanem oka is lehet a krónikus szívelégtelenség kialakulásának. A D-vitaminnak közvetlen hatása van a szívre és indirekt hatása a szívelégtelenséghez vezető legfőbb rizikófaktorokra. A közvetlen szívhatás a szívizomsejtek kontraktilitásában, a natriureticus fehérjék elválasztásában, az extracelluláris mátrix és a gyulladásos citokinek változásában nyilvánul meg. Emellett a D-vitamin hatással van a szívelégtelenség legfontosabb rizikófaktoraira, a vérnyomásra, a renin-angiotenzin rendszerre és az érelmeszesedésre is. A sok kísérletes adat ellenére csupán néhány megfigyelés igazolja a D-vitamin kedvező hatását a krónikus szívelégtelenségre. További nagy esetszámú, randomizált vizsgálat szükséges annak megerősítésére, hogy a D-vitamin-hiányban adott D-vitamin-pótlás előnyös hatású a krónikus szívelégtelenségre és a halálozási kockázatra.

Preventive Effects of Vitamin D on Seasonal Influenza A in Infants

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (8) ◽  
pp. 749-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Juan Du ◽  
Leting Huang ◽  
Youcheng Wang ◽  
Yimei Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
Preventive Effects

scholarly journals Ecological Aspects of microelements’ and Vitamins’ Salts Impact on Dairy Cows’ Productivity and Reproductive Function in Mountain Territories of KBR

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
I K Taov ◽  
Ts B Kagermazov ◽  
A M Khuranov
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Cattle Feeding ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Protein Change ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Biological Spectrum

The article examining the implication for the microelements’ salts – cobalt and copper – to milk production, vitamin A and trivitamin (vitamin A, D3, E) to the cows’ reproductive function in mountainous areas. The study is relevant due to the fact that when organizing cattle feeding, first of all, we care about the balance of rations for the main nutrients and only then for vitamins, minerals and micro minerals. That is why it becomes more important to provide the breeding stock with vitamins and increase the metabolism of the main substrate of life - protein, change its biological function. It is noteworthy that it is necessary to clarify the way that fat-soluble vitamins on cells act, so that their biological spectrum of action is wider than we realize. The purpose of this research is the further study of the biological role of trace elements and vitamins used in cattle breeding, considering the soil and climatic zones of mountainous areas. In our research, the mountainous farms cows’ feeding with microelements favorably affected their milk pr76nv hghhjhhnhghjuo9huyoduction. So, in animals from the second group, milk yield was higher compared to the control by 0.95 kg of milk, the third – by 1.28 kg and the fourth – by 1.45 kg. Calves from cows that received vitamin A and trivitamin developed better during the embryonic period and their birth weight was 2.8–3.0 kg more compared to the control group. Within 90 days after calving, 87.5–92 % of cows from the experimental groups became enceinte, while in the control group it was only 75 %.

Analysis of Fat-Soluble Vitamins. XX. Determination of Vitamin D in Multivitamin Preparations. Second Collaborative Study

1978 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 731-734
Author(s):  
Ellen J De Vries ◽  
Frits J Mulder ◽  
Ben Borsje
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Vitamin D3 ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Abstract The official first action method for determining vitamin D in multivitamin preparations was modified. The method was collaboratively studied by 7 laboratories, using 6 preparations in oil. The preparations consisted of vitamin D at various levels and at various ratios (in w/w) to vitamin A. Three samples contained cholecalciferol and 3 samples contained vitamin D3 from vitamin D3 resin. After outliers were eliminated by the Dixon test, data were analyzed and averages were compared with amounts of vitamin D known to be in each sample. For samples with vitamin D: vitamin A ratios of 1:0.5, 1:5, and 1:10, the mean vitamin D recoveries were 98.8, 94.6, and 90.7%, respectively. The method has been adopted as official final action.

scholarly journals Vitamin D, leptin and impact on immune response to seasonal influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in older persons

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 691-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapna P. Sadarangani ◽  
Inna G. Ovsyannikova ◽  
Krista Goergen ◽  
Diane E. Grill ◽  
Gregory A. Poland
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Seasonal Influenza ◽  
H1n1 Vaccine ◽  
Influenza A H1n1

scholarly journals Croonian Lecture - Nutrition in relation to bone growth and the nervous system

1944 ◽  
Vol 132 (866) ◽  
pp. 28-46 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Medical Research ◽  
Clinical Picture ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Biological Tests ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

The problem to be discussed was presented as long ago as 1918 when, at the request of the Medical Research Committee (now Council), I was engaged on an investiga­tion to discover the cause of rickets. It was noticed that some of the experimental animals became very incoordinated in their movements and that this disability might develop with or without rickets. The independence of the two syndromes thus experimentally produced and the fact that incoordination of movement does not form a part of the usual clinical picture in rachitic children suggested that the cause of the incoordination in the animals was independent of but related to that of rickets. The main result of the earlier work was to establish the fact that rickets was due primarily to a deficiency in the diet of an antirachitic vitamin which was fat-soluble and was either vitamin A or a substance closely allied to it in properties and distribution (1919, 1921). At that time vitamin A, discovered 5 years earlier by McCollum & Davis (1913), was the only recognized fat-soluble vitamin. But little was known of its chemistry in 1918 and it was identified by two biological tests: (1) its power to promote growth in young rats when added to diets previously deficient in it, (2) the fact that when it was absent from the diet animals developed xerophthalmia, which could then be cured if substances containing it were administered. It was found later that the vitamin A of those days was really a mixture of two fat-soluble vitamins—one of which retained the designation vitamin A and the second, the calcifying or anti­ rachitic vitamin, was called vitamin D.

scholarly journals The Role of Vitamins on the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Infection; a Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Dehghani-Samani ◽  
Mahsa Kamali ◽  
Fatemeh Hoseinzadeh-Chahkandak
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Vitamin Intake ◽  
Individual Comparison ◽  
Sufficient Vitamin

Background: Vitamins had been reported repeatedly as important micronutrients, on immune system. Objectives: In this study roles of vitamins on immune system were discussed in detail, as well as their probable roles on the prevention/treatment of viral infections including COVID-19 infection. Method: Totally, 57 articles had been extracted from common indexing databases/websites, which were then classified to different main groups and subgroups. The roles of Vitamins on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection had been also reviewed, and finally their contents had been purified and listed into different categorizations. Moreover, differential percentages of each vitamin related studies, differential percentages of studies on the association with COVID-19, and mechanisms of the vitamins effects on immune system had been reviewed for each vitamin. Results: In this study, the reviewed articles had been categorized into 5 main vitamin groups and 7 subgroups for vitamin B family groups. The most studied vitamin group was identified to be the B vitamins group followed by the vitamins A, D, and E groups that were ranked in next steps, respectively. However, in individual comparison of vitamins, vitamin A had been identified as the vitamin with maximum number of studies. Accordingly, more than half of these studies (66.66%) had focused on the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Briefly, this study showed that, among all vitamins, roles of vitamin A, C, D, and E are more defined and maybe more effective on immune system, which emphasizes on the importance of vitamins in prevention of several viral infections like COVID-19. Therefore, sufficient vitamin intake can be recommended to prevent viral infections like COVID-19 infection.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF VITAMIN D AS A NEW MARKER ON THE WOMEN INFERTILITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (36) ◽  
pp. 1099-1109
Author(s):  
Najla Salim MOHAMMED ◽  
Zena Abdul Monim AL-JAWADI
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Infertile Women ◽  
Healthy Women ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins

Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D) is essential to the proper functioning of the human body. This vitamin belongs to fat-soluble vitamins, responsible for stimulating the intestinal absorption of calcium and phosphate. It has been recently observed that vitamin D may be related to cases of female infertility. This study aimed to examine the effect of vitamin D on female infertility by analyzing hormonal and biochemical parameters. Estrogen, progesterone, FSH, LH, total Cholesterol, Triglyceride, HDL, LDL, VLDL, vitamin D, and BMI were tested in 60 women with infertility and 40 fertile women as a control group. The results showed a highly significant elevation in LH concentration, Triglyceride, LDL, and BMI in infertile women, compared to the healthy women at a significant P = 0.025, P = 0.01, P = 0.05, and P = 0.001, respectively. Also, a significant low elevation in the concentration of estrogen, progesterone, FSH, HDL, and vitamin D in infertile women when compared to the healthy women at a significant level of P = 0.01, P = 0.039, P = 0.05, P = 0.05, and P = 0.001, respectively was observed. This vitamin had a strong positive relationship with progesterone, FSH, total cholesterol, HDL, and LDL. It was also proved a significant inverse correlation to LH, estrogen, TG, VLDL, and BMI. It could be concluded that there is a significant decrease in the level of vitamin D in infertile women compared with the group of healthy women, especially with high BMI. It could also be deduced that vitamin D can be a new marker of increasing infertility and miscarriage risk.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of food constituents: Vitamins. 1. Fat-soluble vitamins - a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (No. 1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Velíšek ◽  
K. Cejpek
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathways ◽  
Fat Soluble Vitamins ◽  
Reaction Schemes

This review article gives a survey of the generally accepted biosynthetic pathways that lead to fat-soluble vitamins (vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin E, vitamin K, the corresponding provitamins, and the closely related ubiquinones and plastoquinones) in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Extensively used are reaction schemes, sequences, and mechanisms with the enzymes involved, with detailed explanations using chemical principles and mechanisms.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document