The Role of Vitamins on the Prevention and/or Treatment of COVID-19 Infection; a Systematic Review

Background: Vitamins had been reported repeatedly as important micronutrients, on immune system. Objectives: In this study roles of vitamins on immune system were discussed in detail, as well as their probable roles on the prevention/treatment of viral infections including COVID-19 infection. Method: Totally, 57 articles had been extracted from common indexing databases/websites, which were then classified to different main groups and subgroups. The roles of Vitamins on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection had been also reviewed, and finally their contents had been purified and listed into different categorizations. Moreover, differential percentages of each vitamin related studies, differential percentages of studies on the association with COVID-19, and mechanisms of the vitamins effects on immune system had been reviewed for each vitamin. Results: In this study, the reviewed articles had been categorized into 5 main vitamin groups and 7 subgroups for vitamin B family groups. The most studied vitamin group was identified to be the B vitamins group followed by the vitamins A, D, and E groups that were ranked in next steps, respectively. However, in individual comparison of vitamins, vitamin A had been identified as the vitamin with maximum number of studies. Accordingly, more than half of these studies (66.66%) had focused on the immune-modulatory effects of vitamin D on the prevention and/or treatment of COVID-19 infection. Conclusions: Briefly, this study showed that, among all vitamins, roles of vitamin A, C, D, and E are more defined and maybe more effective on immune system, which emphasizes on the importance of vitamins in prevention of several viral infections like COVID-19. Therefore, sufficient vitamin intake can be recommended to prevent viral infections like COVID-19 infection.

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Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for assessing vitamin intake of Japanese women in early and late pregnancy with and without nausea and vomiting

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2016.14 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Seung Chik Jwa ◽

Kohei Ogawa ◽

Minatsu Kobayashi ◽

Naho Morisaki ◽

Haruhiko Sago ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Nausea And Vomiting ◽

Dietary Vitamin ◽

Vitamin B ◽

Blood Concentrations ◽

Vitamin Intake ◽

Japanese Pregnant Women

AbstractMaternal vitamin intake during pregnancy is crucial for pregnancy outcomes and the child's subsequent health. However, there are few valid instruments for assessing vitamin intake that address the effects of nausea and vomiting during pregnancy (NVP). This study aimed to investigate the validity of a FFQ concerning vitamin intake during early and late pregnancy with and without NVP. The participants comprised 200 Japanese pregnant women who completed the FFQ and from whom blood samples were taken in early and late pregnancy. Energy-adjusted dietary vitamin intakes (vitamin C, folate, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin D) from FFQ were compared with their blood concentrations. A subgroup of women with NVP was investigated. In early pregnancy, significant correlations between FFQ and biomarkers were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·18) and vitamin D (r0·26) in women with NVP and for vitamin A (r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·24) and vitamin D (r0·23) in women without NVP. No significant correlations were observed in either group for vitamins B6or E. In late pregnancy, similar significant associations were observed for vitamin C (r0·27), folate (r0·22), vitamin B6(r0·18), vitamin B12(r0·27) and vitamin A (r0·15); coefficients were higher among women without NVP. Our study demonstrates that the FFQ is a useful tool for assessing intake of several important vitamins in early and late pregnancy regardless of NVP status.

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Potential Roles of Vitamins in the Management of COVID-19: A Comprehensive Review

Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.34172/ps.2021.41 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Homa Rezaei ◽

Sajad Khiali ◽

Haleh Rezaee ◽

Hossein Bannazadeh Baghi ◽

Matin Pourghasem ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune System ◽

Viral Infections ◽

The Elderly ◽

Underrepresented Minorities ◽

Health Crisis ◽

Comprehensive Review ◽

Public Health Crisis ◽

Severity Of The Disease

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak has caused a public health crisis worldwide. However, data regarding the protective factors of the disease is limited. Consequently, preventive health measures that can decrease the risk of infection, progression, and severity are dreadfully required. It is well-documented that people with immunodeficiency, such as the elderly, people who already have comorbidities (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory and cardiovascular disorders), and underrepresented minorities, are placed in a group with a higher risk of getting infected by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A diet rich in vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants plays an essential role in strengthening the immune system and fighting against invading pathogens. The present comprehensive review has discussed published literature regarding the potential role of vitamins in strengthening the immune system and managing viral infections, particularly SARS-CoV-2 infection. Although there are controversial data regarding the plasma level of vitamin D and the severity of the disease, according to the limited evidence, vitamin D may lower the mortality rate. Moreover, vitamin C could reduce the development of inflammatory response; however, the results of ongoing clinical trials are required to confirm these primary findings.

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Micronutrient's deficiency in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Nutritional Science ◽

10.1017/jns.2021.102 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

U. Venkatesh ◽

Akash Sharma ◽

Velmurugan A. Ananthan ◽

Padmavathi Subbiah ◽

R. Durga ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Folic Acid ◽

Iron Deficiency ◽

Vitamin A ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Micronutrient Deficiency ◽

Health Concern ◽

Vitamin B

Abstract India is coming to grips with a stage of nutrition transition. According to the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI), preventable micronutrient deficiency is arising public health precedence in India. However, the foremost public health concern is the lack of national prevalence data. The present study was carried out to estimate the pooled age-wise prevalence of six preventable micronutrient deficiencies (vitamin A, vitamin B12, vitamin D, iron, iodine and folic acid) in India. A systematic review was carried out on PubMed and Global Index Medicus databases using the Boolean search strategy. Statistical analyses were done using R software, version 3.6. 2. PRISMA guidelines were strictly adhered to during the review. A preliminary literature search yielded 4302 articles; however, 270 original research articles were found eligible to be included in quantitative synthesis. The estimated overall prevalence was 17 % [95 % confidence interval (CI) 0⋅07, 0⋅26] for iodine deficiency, 37 % (95 % CI 0⋅27, 0⋅46) for folic acid deficiency, 54 % (95 % CI 0⋅49, 0⋅59) for iron deficiency, 53 % (95 % CI 0⋅41, 0⋅64) for vitamin B12 deficiency, 19 % (95 % CI 0⋅09, 0⋅29) for vitamin A deficiency and 61 % (95 % CI 0⋅07, 0⋅26) for vitamin D with high heterogeneity. We classified the population into infants (0–5 years), adolescents (<18 years), adults (>18 years) and pregnant women. Iron deficiency was most prevalent (61 %) in pregnant women. The results of the present study reinforce the data on micronutrient deficiency in India and warrant the immediate need for further active public health interventions to address these deficiencies. The study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42020205043).

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What is the Role of Vitamin D in the Severity and Control of Asthma in Children and Adolescents: a Protocol for a Systematic Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-1142825/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Joelia Maria Maria Costa Dias Ladeira ◽

Olívia Zacas ◽

Adyleia Aparecida Dalbo Contrera Toro ◽

Milena Baptistella Grotta ◽

Amanda Miranda Ferreira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Immune System ◽

Direct Action ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Asthma Management ◽

Th2 Cells ◽

Cochrane Library

Abstract Background: Vitamin D plays an important role in the immune system and consequently in the inflammatory process of asthma. It acts directly on the regulation of Th1 and Th2 cells and regulatory T lymphocytes. Evidence shows that vitamin D can act on dendritic cells, raising inflammatory mediators and increasing the imbalance between Th1, Th2, and Th17. Understanding the link between vitamin D and inflammatory processes in the control and severity of asthma is important for the existence of specific therapies. Objective: We aim to synthesize the scientific evidence about the role of Vitamin D in the control and severity of asthma in pediatric patients by a systematic review. Methods: A systematic and comprehensive search will be performed using MEDLINE PubMed, BIREME, EBSCOhost, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and ProQuest. From the data obtained, all the articles found will be transferred to the Rayyan platform. Study selection will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses checklist (PRISMA-2020). Additionally, if sufficient data are available, a meta-analysis will be conducted.Discussion: The ability of vitamin D to act in the immune system with a direct action on the inflammatory asthma cascade, allows for a better understanding of the disease. This will lead to better asthma management, and, consequently, to help in controlling the disease. The conduction of a systematic review will bring better knowledge about vitamin D and its role in the pathophysiology of asthma Systematic review registration:This protocol has been registered in the PROSPERO and the registration number is CRD42021221638.

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Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl1.3072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽

pp. 716-722

Author(s):

Sneha Dhakite ◽

Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Respiratory System ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Cost Effective ◽

The Body ◽

Healthy Life ◽

Vital Functions ◽

Healthy Life Style ◽

And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

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The role of vitamin D in reproductive dysfunction in women – a systematic review

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine ◽

10.5604/12321966.1226865 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (4) ◽

pp. 671-676 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Patrycja Skowrońska ◽

Ewa Pastuszek ◽

Waldemar Kuczyński ◽

Mariusz Jaszczoł ◽

Paweł Kuć ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Reproductive Dysfunction

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The roles of vitamin D in increasing the body's immunity and reducing injuries due to viral infections: With an emphasis on its possible role in SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19)

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612827666210608145236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 27 ◽

Author(s):

Elahe Aleebrahim-Dehkordi ◽

Niloofar Deravi ◽

Shirin Yaghoobpoor ◽

Dariush Hooshyar ◽

Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Immune System ◽

Vitamin D Deficiency ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme 2 ◽

Treatment And Prevention ◽

Lung Injuries ◽

Novel Coronavirus ◽

Cytochrome P450 Family

Background: It is known that Vitamin D can increase the body’s immunity against some viral infections. Many people around the world have vitamin D deficiency and, therefore, this has become a public concern whether vitamin D is an important factor protecting against COVID-19 infection. In this paper, the data about the roles of vitamin D on immunity and recovery from viral infections, especially novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is reviewed. Methods: The electronic databases of Pubmed, Google Scholar, Research Gate, Excerpta Media Database (EMBASE) and Medical and Health Education (Medrix) were searched. Results: Vitamin D is considered an important factor in immune homeostasis. Various effects have been considered for this nutrient on the immune system, particularly because of vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Cytochrome P450 Family 27 Subfamily B Member 1 (CYP27B1) expression in most of the immune cells. Vitamin D can raise cellular immunity, reduce cytokine storm and enhance antioxidants production. It also has modulatory effects on Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors and might have protective functions against acute lung injuries, including COVID-19 infection. However, there are some articles against this positive effect. Conclusion: Vitamin D supplementation is reported to be effective in the enhancement of the immune system and might be effective in the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 infection, especially in those with its deficiency. However, it should be considered that vitamin D deficiency shows the overall health status of the patients and cannot be considered specific for COVID-19 infection.

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The Role of Micronutrients in Support of the Immune Response against Viral Infections

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu12103198 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 3198 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Francesco Pecora ◽

Federica Persico ◽

Alberto Argentiero ◽

Cosimo Neglia ◽

Susanna Esposito

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Immune Response ◽

Immune System ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Optimal Function ◽

The Impact

Viral infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the importance of public health practices including handwashing and vaccinations in reducing their spread is well established. Furthermore, it is well known that proper nutrition can help support optimal immune function, reducing the impact of infections. Several vitamins and trace elements play an important role in supporting the cells of the immune system, thus increasing the resistance to infections. Other nutrients, such as omega-3 fatty acids, help sustain optimal function of the immune system. The main aim of this manuscript is to discuss of the potential role of micronutrients supplementation in supporting immunity, particularly against respiratory virus infections. Literature analysis showed that in vitro and observational studies, and clinical trials, highlight the important role of vitamins A, C, and D, omega-3 fatty acids, and zinc in modulating the immune response. Supplementation with vitamins, omega 3 fatty acids and zinc appears to be a safe and low-cost way to support optimal function of the immune system, with the potential to reduce the risk and consequences of infection, including viral respiratory infections. Supplementation should be in addition to a healthy diet and fall within recommended upper safety limits set by scientific expert bodies. Therefore, implementing an optimal nutrition, with micronutrients and omega-3 fatty acids supplementation, might be a cost-effective, underestimated strategy to help reduce the burden of infectious diseases worldwide, including coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

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Hesperidin and SARS-CoV-2: New Light on the Healthy Functions of Citrus Fruit

10.20944/preprints202006.0321.v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Paolo Bellavite ◽

Alberto Donzelli

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Citrus Sinensis ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Citrus Fruit ◽

Short Review ◽

Citrus Fruits ◽

Early Proteins ◽

Main Protease ◽

The Many

Among the many approaches to COVID-19 prevention, the possible role of diet has so far been somewhat marginal. Nutrition is very rich in substances with a potential beneficial effect on health and some of these could have an antiviral action or in any case be important in modulating the immune system and in defending cells from the oxidative stress associated with infection. This short review draws the attention on some components of Citrus fruits and especially of the orange (Citrus sinensis), well known for its vitamin content, but less for the function of its flavonoids. Among the latter, hesperidin has recently attracted the attention of researchers, because it binds to the key proteins of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Several computational methods, independently applied by different researchers, showed that hesperidin has a low binding energy both with the coronavirus "spike" protein, and with the main protease that transforms the early proteins of the virus (pp1a and ppa1b) into the complex responsible for viral replication. The affinity of hesperidin for these proteins is comparable if not superior to that of common chemical antivirals. The preventive efficacy of vitamin C, at dosage attainable by diet, against viral infections is controversial, but recent reviews suggest that this substance may be useful in case of increased stress on the immune system. Finally, the reasons that suggest undertaking appropriate research on the Citrus fruits addition in the diet, as a complementary prevention and treatment of COVID-19, are discussed.

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A CRITICAL REVIEW ON HYPOTHESIS, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA, AND ROLE OF VITAMINS IN ITS MANAGEMENT

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i8.23259 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Rosmi Jose ◽

Venketeswaramurthy N ◽

Sambath Kumar R

Keyword(s):

Vitamin D ◽

Vitamin E ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Critical Review ◽

Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽

Vitamin Supplementation ◽

Vitamin B ◽

High Dose ◽

Main Effects

This review describes about the literatures addressing the role of vitamin supplementation in schizophrenia. Evidence is suggesting that vitamin supplementation includes Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, Vitamin B complex, and Vitamin C may be important in treatment. In schizophrenia, patients may have increased level of homocysteine (Hcy), due to the polymorphism in methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase and hypofunction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The vitamins main effects are reduced the Hcy level and maintain dopamine and serotonin levels. Add-on treatment with high-dose B vitamins including B6, B9, and B12 and also Vitamin D can significantly reduce symptoms of schizophrenia more than standard treatments alone.

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