scholarly journals Crista Terminalis, Musculi Pectinati, and Taenia Sagittalis: Anatomical Observations and Applied Significance

ISRN Anatomy ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Abu Ubaida Siddiqui ◽  
Syed Rehan Hafiz Daimi ◽  
Kusum Rajendra Gandhi ◽  
Abu Talha Siddiqui ◽  
Soumitra Trivedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Type B ◽  
Crista Terminalis ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Right ◽  
Complex Architecture ◽  
Complex Arrangement

Background. The complex architecture of the right atrium, crista terminalis (CT), and the musculi pectinati (MP) poses enormous challenges in electrophysiology and cardiac conduction. Few studies have been undertaken to substantiate the gross features of MP, in relation to the CT, but there is still scarcity of data regarding this. We tried to reinvestigate the gross arrangement of muscle bundles in the right atrium. Methods. Utilizing 151 human hearts and orientation of MP and its variations and relationship to the CT were investigated along with taenia sagittalis (TS). Patterns of MP were grouped in 6 categories and TS under three groups. Result. A plethora of variations were observed. Analysis of all the specimen revealed that 68 samples (45%) were of type 1 category and 27 (18%) fell into type 2 category. Prominent muscular columns were reported in 12 samples (8%). 83 samples (55%) presented with a single trunk of TS. Multiple trunks of TS were reported in 38 samples (25%). Conclusion. Samples with type 6 MP and type B/type C TS, which have a more complex arrangement of fibers, have a tendency to be damaged during cardiac catheterization. Nonetheless, the area as a whole is extremely significant considering the pragmatic application during various cardiac interventions.

Intradural Extramedullary Lesions in Cervical Spine in Neurofibromatosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Rana Moshref
Keyword(s):  
Multidisciplinary Approach ◽  
Cervical Lesions ◽  
Cervical Mass ◽  
Gradual Onset ◽  
Autosomal Dominant Fashion ◽  
Intradural Extramedullary ◽  
The Right ◽  
Spastic Quadriparesis

Introduction: Neurofibromatosis (NF) is isolated into three diseases: NF type 1, type 2, and schwannoma. NF type 2 could be a disorder that's found roughly in 1/25,000–33,000 births with a mutation in gene 22q11.2, and it is passed through eras in an autosomal dominant fashion. Diagnosis is made with both clinical and radiological features. A few clinical features have been characterized in conclusion counting Manchester criteria. There is a scarce number of NF type 2 patients diagnosed with cervical lesions which are 25 in number. We report a case of an intradural extramedullary cervical lesion in a patient later diagnosed with NF type 2. Case Report: A 30-year-old male presenting with gradual onset and progressive course of spastic quadriparesis of six months’ duration was admitted through the emergency unit. MRI spine showed intradural extramedullary masses in the right side of C4 and left side of C6. The patient underwent cervical intradural excision of two masses under general anesthesia with neuromonitoring. The tumor was sent for histopathology and reported as NF type 2. Conclusion: NF is a common entity, but the diagnosis of cervical mass is judicious to avoid any complication in neurological function. It further needs a multidisciplinary approach and screening modalities.

Secondary Narcolepsy in Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127
Author(s):  
Riya Madan ◽  
Jennifer Pitts ◽  
Marc C. Patterson ◽  
Robin Lloyd ◽  
Gesina Keating ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spontaneous Remission ◽  
Hypothalamic Region ◽  
Neurologic Disorder ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Specific Outcome ◽  
Type C ◽  
Niemann Pick ◽  
Multiple Sleep Latency

Secondary narcolepsy occurs as a consequence of lesions involving the hypothalamic region that subserve wakefulness. Although observations on the characteristics of secondary narcolepsy have been published in adults, information on this topic in children is sparse. This is a retrospective study of characteristics and outcome of secondary narcolepsy in children. The medical records of 10 children with this condition at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, were reviewed. Characteristics of the underlying neurologic disorder, narcolepsy subtype, multiple sleep latency tests, medications used and outcome were extracted. Age at diagnosis of narcolepsy was between 6 and 17 years. Five of 10 patients had onset of excessive sleepiness within 1 year of diagnosis of the primary neurologic disorder. Six of 10 patients had type 1 narcolepsy (with cataplexy) whereas 4/10 had type 2 (without cataplexy). The clinical course was variable, with 8/10 continuing to require treatment for sleepiness at a mean period 6.6±6.2 years after diagnosis. One patient with narcolepsy type 1 due to Niemann Pick type C disease had died. One patient with narcolepsy type 2 due to craniopharyngioma had spontaneous remission of sleepiness. The 5/10 patients surviving with narcolepsy type 1 have continued to require pharmacotherapy for both sleepiness and cataplexy. This study draws attention to an important chronic sequel of childhood brain lesions that has variable, etiology-specific outcome. The rare occurrence of spontaneous resolution of childhood narcolepsy symptoms, not previously described, is also discussed.

scholarly journals Type-1 echoes from the mid-latitude E-Region ionosphere

1997 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 908-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Haldoupis ◽  
D. T. Farley ◽  
K. Schlegel
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Radar ◽  
Spectral Component ◽  
Equatorial Electrojet ◽  
Metallic Ions ◽  
Sporadic E Layers ◽  
E Region ◽  
Sporadic E ◽  
The Right

Abstract. This paper presents more data on the properties of type-1 irregularities in the nighttime mid-latitude E-region ionosphere. The measurements were made with a 50-MHz Doppler radar system operating in Crete, Greece. The type-1 echoes last from several seconds to a few minutes and are characterized by narrow Doppler spectra with peaks corresponding to wave phase velocities of 250–350 m/s. The average velocity of 285 m/s is about 20% lower than nominal E-region ion-acoustic speeds, probably because of the presence of heavy metallic ions in the sporadic-E-layers that appear to be associated with the mid-latitude plasma instabilities. Sometimes the type-1 echoes are combined with a broad spectrum of type-2 echoes; at other times they dominate the spectrum or may appear in the absence of any type-2 spectral component. We believe these echoes are due to the modified two-stream plasma instability driven by a polarization electric field that must be larger than 10 mV/m. This field is similar in nature to the equatorial electrojet polarization field and can arise when patchy nighttime sporadic-E-layers have the right geometry.

scholarly journals Myosin types and fiber types in cardiac muscle. II. Atrial myocardium.

1982 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 838-845 ◽  
Author(s):  
L Gorza ◽  
S Sartore ◽  
S Schiaffino
Keyword(s):  
Right Atrium ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Interatrial Septum ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chains ◽  
Atrial Myocardium ◽  
Crista Terminalis ◽  
Heavy Chains ◽  
Bovine Heart ◽  
Atrial Muscle ◽  
The Right

Antibodies were produced against myosins isolated from the left atrial myocardium (anti-bAm) and the left ventricular myocardium (anti-bVm) of the bovine heart. Cross-reactive antibodies were removed by cross-absorption. Absorbed anti-bAm and anti-bVm were specific for the myosin heavy chains when tested by enzyme immunoassay combined with SDS gel electrophoresis. Indirect immunofluorescence was used to determine the reactivity of atrial muscle fibers to the two antibodies. Three populations of atrial muscle fibers were distinguished in the bovine heart: (a) fibers reactive with anti-bAm and unreactive with anti-bVm, like most fibers in the left atrium; (b) fibers reactive with both antibodies, especially numerous in the right atrium; (c) fibers reactive with anti-bVm and unreactive with anti-bAm, present only in the interatrial septum and in specific regions of the right atrium, such as the crista terminalis. These findings can be accounted for by postulating the existence of two distinct types of atrial myosin heavy chains, one of which is antigenically related to ventricular myosin. The tendency for fibers labeled by anti-bVm to occur frequently in bundles and their preferential distribution in the crista terminalis, namely along one of the main conduction pathways between the sinus node and the atrioventricular node, and in the interatrial septum, where different internodal tracts are known to converge, suggests that these fibers may be specialized for faster conduction.

Effects of Three- or Four-Cortex Syndesmotic Fixation in Ankle Fractures

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (6) ◽  
pp. 457-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasan Karapinar ◽  
Onder Kalenderer ◽  
Levent Karapinar ◽  
Taskin Altay ◽  
Metin Manisali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Results ◽  
Joint Space ◽  
Ankle Fractures ◽  
Routine Procedure ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
Weber Type ◽  
Type C ◽  
Type 3

Background: There is no study comparing how Weber type C ankle fractures treated with either three- or four-cortex syndesmotic fixation affects the structure of the syndesmosis. Methods: In a retrospective study, 46 patients were separated into two groups: 22 patients with three-cortex fixation and 24 patients with four-cortex fixation. All of the patients were evaluated clinically and radiographically at least 1 year after removal of the syndesmosis screws. Results: There were three types of joint space obliteration: type 1, synostosis on plain radiographs; type 2, an incomplete bony bridge on magnetic resonance imaging with normal plain radiographs; and type 3, fibrous obliteration of the joint space. Although obliteration of the joint space was significant (P < .005) after four-cortex fixation, radiologic results did not affect the clinical outcome. Conclusion: Four-cortex fixation for diastasis after an ankle fracture should not be a routine procedure. We advocate three-cortex fixation because the clinical results are no different and there is less syndesmotic space obliteration postoperatively. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 97(6): 457–459, 2007)

Existence of host-related DNA sequences in the schistosome genome

Parasitology ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Iwamura ◽  
Y. Irie ◽  
R. Kominami ◽  
T. Nara ◽  
K. Yasuraoka
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Dna Fingerprints ◽  
Alu Sequence ◽  
Type C ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Intracisternal A Particle

DNA sequences homologous to the mouse intracisternal A particle and endogenous type C retrovirus were detected in the DNAs ofSchistosoma japonicumadults andS. mansonieggs. Furthermore, other kinds of repetitive sequences in the host genome such as mouse type 1 Alu sequence (B1), mouse type 2 Alu sequence (B2) and mo-2 sequence, a mouse mini-satellite, were also detected in the DNAs from adults and eggs ofS. japonicumand eggs ofS. mansoni. Almost all of the sequences described above were absent in the DNAs ofS. mansoniadults. The DNA fingerprints of schistosomes, using the mo-2 sequence, were indistinguishable from each other and resembled those of their murine hosts. Moreover, the mo-2 sequence was hypermethylated in the DNAs of schistosomes and its amount was variable in them. These facts indicate that host-related sequences are actually present in schistosomes and that the mo-2 repetitive sequence exists probably in extra-chromosome.

Analisis Kapasitas Galangan Kapal Ikan Untuk Memenuhi Rencana Pengadaan Kapal Ikan Hibah

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Agus Lubis Fitriansyah ◽  
Heri Supomo
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Score Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Selection Of

The government through the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries offers assistance of fishing vessel to achieve fisheries production targets. This procurement plan must be supported by the ability and selection of the right shipyard. Beacuse the information of the capability and capacity of fiber shipyards in Indonesia is unclear, so the realization of the procurement of fishing vessel in previous years did not met the planned targets. The purpose of this study was to analyze shipyard capacity to meet the planned procurement of KKP fishing vessels grant in 2019. First classification of fishing vessels is based on the size of each GT, which is 5 GT (type 1), 5-10 GT (type 2), and 20-30 GT (type 3). The second is the minimum shipyard criteria for building fishing boats. Third, an assessment of the shipyard is based on the criteria that have been made. Fourth, shipyard selection was carried out on each WPPN-RI using the load score method. The fifth calculates the number of ships that can be built by the shipyard. The results of the shipyard assessment found that 43% of shipyards have the ability to build type 1 vessels, around 38% of shipyards have the ability to build type 2 vessels, and around 19% of shipyards have the ability to build type 3 vessels. is 1625 units / period. Referring to shipyard capacity, it can be said that the entire shipyard is able to fulfill the plan to procure assistance for KKP fishing vessels in the 2019 budget year.

Curvature Biases in Stereoscopic Vision

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 287-287
Author(s):  
J Ninio
Keyword(s):  
Stereoscopic Vision ◽  
The Other ◽  
Vertical Segment ◽  
Directional Bias ◽  
Nasal Side ◽  
Linear Elements ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3

The reliability of in-depth curvature judgements for linear elements was studied with stereograms that contained two linear targets and a background representing a hemisphere. The targets were arcs facing to the left or to the right, like parentheses. Some formed binocular pairs with (type 1) or without (type 2) in-depth curvature. The others were monocular (type 3). The hemisphere in the background was generated by a random curve (Ninio, 1981 Perception10 403 – 410); it was either concave (hollow) or convex. The arcs had their binocular centre in the plane of the centre of the hemisphere. Each stereogram contained a type 1, and either a type 2 or a type 3 target. Subjects had to judge the hemisphere curvature, then the in-depth curvature of the targets in 32 different stereograms covering all curvature combinations. There were about 15% errors on type 1 targets, and 80% of these occurred when both the hemisphere and the target were convex, the target being perceived as concave, by transparency through the hemisphere. There were also about 15% errors on type 2 targets, but spread among all situations, the trend being to perceive them as slightly concave. The monocular stimuli (type 3) were judged to be frontoparallel in 70% of the cases. Otherwise, there was no directional bias except for monocular arcs on the nasal side, in conjunction with a concave background. Then, the perceived in-depth curvature was in the ‘generic’ direction predicted by associating the monocular arc in one image with a straight vertical segment in the other image.

Coronal balance with circumferential minimally invasive spinal deformity surgery for the treatment of degenerative scoliosis: are we leaning in the right direction?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Corey T. Walker ◽  
Jakub Godzik ◽  
Santiago Angel ◽  
Juan Pedro Giraldo ◽  
Jay D. Turner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Visual Analog Scale ◽  
Spinal Deformity ◽  
Adult Spinal Deformity ◽  
Type A ◽  
Type B ◽  
Analog Scale ◽  
Degenerative Scoliosis ◽  
Type C ◽  
The Right

OBJECTIVE Coronal malalignment (CM) in adult spinal deformity is associated with poor outcomes and remains underappreciated in the literature. Recent attempts at classifying CM indicate that some coronal shifts may be more difficult to treat than others. To date, outcomes for circumferential minimally invasive surgery (cMIS) of the spine in the context of these new CM classifications are unreported. METHODS A retrospective evaluation of patients with degenerative scoliosis (Cobb angle > 20°) consecutively treated with cMIS at a single institution was performed. Preoperative and 1-year postoperative standing radiographs were used to make the comparisons. Clinical outcome measures were compared. Patients were subgrouped according to the preoperative distance between their C7 plumb line and central sacral vertical line (C7-CSVL) as either coronally aligned (type A, C7-CSVL < 3 cm); shifted ≥ 3 cm toward the concavity (type B); or shifted ≥ 3 cm toward the convexity (type C) of the main lumbar curve. RESULTS Forty-two patients were included (mean age 67.7 years). Twenty-six patients (62%) were classified as type A, 5 patients (12%) as type B, and 11 patients (26%) as type C. An average of 4.9 segments were treated. No type A patients developed postoperative CM. All type B patients had CM correction. Six of the 11 type C patients had CM after surgery. Overall, there was an improvement in the C7-CSVL (from 2.4 to 1.8 cm, p = 0.04). Among subgroups, only type B patients improved (from 4.5 to 0.8 cm, p = 0.002); no difference was seen for type A patients (from 1.2 to 1.4 cm, p = 0.32) or type C patients (from 4.3 to 3.1 cm, p = 0.11). Comparing type C patients with postoperative CM versus those without postoperative CM, patients with CM had worse visual analog scale back scores at 1 year (5 vs 1, p = 0.01). Moreover, they had higher postoperative L4 tilt angles (11° vs 5°, p = 0.01), indicating inadequate correction of the lumbosacral fractional curve. CONCLUSIONS cMIS improved coronal alignment, curve magnitudes, and clinical outcomes among patients with degenerative scoliosis. It did not result in CM in type A patients and was successful at improving the C7-CSVL in type B patients. Type C patients remain the most difficult to treat coronally, with worse visual analog scale back pain scores in those with postoperative CM. Regional coronal restoration of the lumbosacral fracture curve should be the focus of correction in cMIS for these patients.

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