scholarly journals Prevalence of Avian Haemosporidian Parasites in Village Chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus) from Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
J. R. Lawal ◽  
U. I. Ibrahim ◽  
A. A. Biu ◽  
H. I. Musa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Village Chicken ◽  
Village Chickens ◽  
Haemosporidian Parasites ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
The Village ◽  
Malaria Microscopy ◽  
Poor Management ◽  
Apparently Healthy

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites in village chickens in Kwami, Gombe State, Nigeria using microscopy and the associated risk factors using structured questionnaires. To achieve this goal, blood samples were collected from 346 apparently healthy village chickens in Kwami of Gombe State, and a total of 45 farmers were interviewed using structured questionnaires. Microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of 20.8% (72/346) for haemosporidian parasites comprising of Plasmodium spp. with 41 (11.8%; 95% CI = 8.9 – 15.7) and Haemoproteus spp. 23 (6.6%; 95% CI = 4.5 – 9.8) as single infection and mixed infection of Plasmodium + Haemoproteus spp. having 8 (2.3%; 95% CI = 1.2 – 4.5). Prevalence of avian haemosporidian parasites was significantly higher in male (13.9%) compared to hens (6.9%), as well as in adults (14.50%) compared to growers (6.4%). The prevalence was also found to be higher in the rainy season (15.6%) compared to the dry (5.2%) seasons of the study period. Questionnaire survey on attitude and practice of the village chicken farmers in the study area has shown that village chicken are raised under the extensive management system and are reared with other village poultry species on free range. Inadequate biosecurity, poor management and husbandry systems constituted the predisposing risk factors associated with haemoparasite infections in this study. Key words: Haemosporidian parasites; Avian malaria, Microscopy, Scavenging Chickens; Kwami, Gombe State

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Haemoparasitosis in Village Chickens (Gallus Gallus Domesticus) in Gombe State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Lawal JR
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Village Chicken ◽  
Village Chickens ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
The Difference

The present study was conducted between November, 2016 and September, 2017, aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with haemoparasitosis in village chickens in Gombe State, Nige ria. Blood samples were collected from a total of 1820 village chickens and Giemsa stained thin blood smears were microscopically examined for the presence of haemoparasites. Results revealed an overall prevalence of 19.6% of three genera of avian haemopar asites in a single and mixed infection. Amongst the haemoparasites encountered, Plasmodium (13.9%) was the most prevalent followed by Haemoproteus (2.6%) and Leucocytozoon (0.4%) in single infection, while the prevalence of mixed infection with Plasmodium + Haemoproteus was 2.6%. Higher prevalence rates were recorded in cocks (28.5%) compared to hens (8.9%), as well as in adults (23.0%) compared to the growers (11.0%) village chickens. The prevalence rates was found to be higher in the rainy (39.3%) compare d to cold dry (12.5%) and hot dry (7.7%) seasons of the study period. The difference in prevalence of haemoparasites among sex, age groups, and season was statistically significant (<0.0001). In conclusion, haemoparasites exist among village chickens flock s in Gombe State, Nigeria probably due to the presence of vectors and inadequate practice of biosecurity measures. It is therefore, recommended that awareness should be created on the prevalence of haemoparasites, further researches involving molecular cha racterization of haemoparasites should be carried out and village chicken farmers should be educated on the need for maintenance proper biosecurity measures on their farms.

scholarly journals Human Intestinal Parasites: Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Grade School Children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Kefale Shiferaw ◽  
Teklemichael Tesfay ◽  
Girmay Kalayu ◽  
Gebrehiwot Kiros
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Single Infection ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Grade School ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

This study was aimed to assess the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal parasitic infections in grade school children in Maksegnit, Northwest Ethiopia. Five species of intestinal parasites were identified with an overall prevalence of 155 (40.4%). Among these, Ascaris lumbricoides 122 (31.8%) and Entamoeba histolytica 18 (4.7%) were predominant. Of the total 155 (40.4%) positive individuals, 149 (39%) had a single infection and the rest 6 (1.6%) had double parasitic infections. Of the different variables assessed, age, gender, shoe wearing, and eating raw or undercooked vegetables were not significantly associated with the prevalence of intestinal parasites ( P > 0.05 ). However, a statistically significant association ( P < 0.05 ) was observed between infected children and variables including defecation habit (AOR = 0.216), cleanliness of fingernails (AOR = 0.146), drinking river water (AOR = 0.124), and hand washing habit after defecation (AOR = 0.236) ( P < 0.05 ). Regular deworming, education on personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation to both students and their parents shall be implemented to reduce the prevalence rate of intestinal parasitic infections in the study area.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Correlates of Peripheral Arterial Disease in Nigerians with Type 2 Diabetes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Soyoye ◽  
R. T. Ikem ◽  
B. A. Kolawole ◽  
K. S. Oluwadiya ◽  
R. A. Bolarinwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Peripheral Arterial Disease ◽  
Arterial Disease ◽  
Male Gender ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Peripheral Arterial ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background. Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a major risk factor for nonhealing foot ulcers in people with diabetes. A number of traditional risk factors have been reported to be associated with PAD; however, there may be a need to consider nontraditional risk factors especially in some vulnerable populations. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with PAD in diabetics.Methods. One hundred and fifty type 2 diabetics and an equal number of age- and sex-matched apparently healthy controls were studied. Assessment of PAD was made using history, palpation of lower limb vessels, and measurement of ankle-brachial index (ABI). Statistically significant differences between categorical and continuous variables were determined using Chi square (χ2) and Studentt-tests, respectively. Regression analysis was done to determine the associated risk factors for PAD.Results. Prevalence of PAD using ABI was 22.0% and 8.0% among diabetic and nondiabetic populations, respectively. Peripheral arterial disease was associated with age, male gender, waist circumference, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein.Conclusion. This study highlights the high prevalence of PAD in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and in apparently healthy controls; age, male gender, abdominal obesity, and high hs-CRP values were the associated risk factors.

Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV and Associated Risk Factors Among Apparently Healthy Pregnant Women in Anyigba, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelius Arome Omatola ◽  
Christiana Lawal ◽  
Deborah Omolara Omosayin ◽  
Martin-luther Oseni Okolo ◽  
David Moses Adaji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Apparently Healthy

scholarly journals A description of village chicken production systems and prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites: Case studies in Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dikeledi P. Malatji ◽  
Anna M. Tsotetsi ◽  
Este Van Marle-Koster ◽  
Farai C. Muchadeyi
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Gastrointestinal Parasites ◽  
Village Chicken ◽  
Village Chickens ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Eimeria Spp ◽  
Kwazulu Natal ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Village

The majority of rural households in developing countries own village chickens that are reared under traditional scavenging systems with few inputs and exposure to various parasitic infestations. Understanding of the village chicken farming system and its influence on helminth infestation is a prerequisite for optimal prevention and control strategies. This study investigated the village chicken production system and associated gastrointestinal parasites in 87 households from Limpopo (n = 39) and KwaZulu-Natal (n = 48) provinces of South Africa. A total of 191 village chicken faecal samples and 145 intestines were collected to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in villages of Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces, respectively. The faecal floatation analysis of samples from Limpopo and KwaZulu-Natal provinces indicated infestations by Ascaridia galli (18.77%), Heterakis gallinarum (15.56%) and Capillaria spp. (4.00%); tapeworms Choanotaenia infundibulum (2.10%) and Raillietina cesticillus (6.00%) and Eimeria spp. (29.46%). Mixed infestations were observed in five (4.90%) samples from Limpopo province and in only four (4.49%) from KwaZulu-Natal province, of which 1.12% were a mixture of C. infundibulum and Eimeria spp. and 3.37% a combination of H. gallinarum and Eimeria spp. In Limpopo, 2.94% of the chickens were positive for H. gallinarum and Eimeria spp., whilst 0.98% had A. galli and Capillaria spp. infestations. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of gastrointestinal parasites on village chicken health and production and develop appropriate intervention and control strategies feasible for smallholder farmers.Keywords: Helminthes; Village chickens; Smallholder farming systems; Faecal samples 

scholarly journals Demographic and Lifestyle Predictors of Prehypertension: A Cross-Sectional Study among Apparently Healthy Adults in Kumasi, Ghana

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie-Williams Owiredu ◽  
Ebenezer Dontoh ◽  
Selma E. S. Essuman ◽  
Bashiratu B. Bazanfara
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Validated Questionnaire ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Background. Prehypertension has been shown to increase future risk of hypertension. Some demographic and lifestyle characteristics have been implicated to increase the risk of development of prehypertension. Yet, there is paucity of data on the current prevalence of prehypertension and its associated risk factors in Ghana. This study evaluated the prevalence of prehypertension and examined the demographic and lifestyle characteristics associated with prehypertension among apparently healthy Ghanaian adults in Kumasi. Methods. This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to April, 2018, in Kumasi, Ghana. A total of 204 participants (80 males, 124 females, 25 years and above) who reported not diagnosed of hypertension and not on any antihypertensive medication were included in the study. Validated questionnaire was used to obtain sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics of study participants. Height and weight of each respondent were measured and their corresponding Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Blood pressure (BP) was measured with an automated blood pressure apparatus from the right arm. Prehypertension was defined as systolic BP of 120-139 mmHg and/or diastolic BP of 80-89 mmHg. Results. Out of 204 participants, the prevalence of prehypertension was 49.0%. From multivariate logistic regression models, having lower level of education [aOR=2.74, 95% CI (1.15-6.55), p=0.02], not practicing at least 30 min daily walks [aOR=2.59, 95% CI (1.31-5.10), p=0.01], not exercising routinely [aOR=1.93, 95% CI (0.97-3.85), p=0.04], and alcohol consumption [aOR=3.58(1.52-8.46), p=0.004] were independently associated with higher odds of prehypertension. Conclusion. The prevalence of prehypertension is high among apparently healthy Ghanaian adults (49.0%). Lower educational level, sedentary lifestyle, and alcohol consumption are the predominant risk factors for prehypertension in Kumasi.

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