scholarly journals Growth of Oyster Crassostrea Sp Settled on Shell and Stone Collectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-59
Author(s):  
Fredinan Yulianda ◽  
Agus Soleh Atmadipura
Keyword(s):  
Rough Surface ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Oyster Spat ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Better Than

During a 4-weeks period oyster spat at- tached on shell and stone collectors but not on roofing tile  submerged in estuarine and marine habitats. Collectors made of stone (rough surface) were better than collectors  of shell in terms of number of settled spat. The oyster spat settled at highest density on collectors close tothe sea.  The average growth in terms of weight was significantly different on the two types of collectors. The largest oysters  occurred on shell collectors near the river

Transplantation of coral fragment, Acropora formosa (Scleractinia)

2014 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho ◽  
Maykel A.J Karauwan
Keyword(s):  
Fragment Size ◽  
Observation Time ◽  
Minimum Size ◽  
Average Growth Rate ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acropora Formosa ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Better Than

The minimum size of coral transplants, Acropora formosa, was assessed to support their survival and growth. For this, 150 coral fragments of different sizes (5, 10, 15 cm) were transplanted close to the donor colony. Their survivorship and growth were observed for 12 months. At the end of the observation time, 90% of 15 cm-transplanted coral fragments survived, while the others (10cm and 5 cm) did 86% and 82% respectively. The average growth rate of 5 cm-coral fragments was 0.860 cm/month, while 10 and 15 cm-fragments were 0.984 cm/month and 1.108 cm/month respectively. One-way ANOVA showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) among the three (5, 10, 15 cm) transplant initial sizes in which the longest fragment size tended to survive longer than the smaller one.  However, the smaller transplants grew better than the bigger one, 10.318 cm/year (206%) for 5 cm-transplant, 11.803 cm/year (118%) for 10 cm-transplant, and 13.299 cm/year (89%) for 15 cm-transplant, respectively. Ukuran minimal fragmen karang Acropora formosa yang ditransplantasi diduga untuk mendukung ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhannya. Untuk itu, 150 fragmen karang ditransplantasi ke lokasi yang berdekatan dengan koloni induknya.  Ketahanan hidup dan pertumbuhan semua fragmen karang yang ditransplantasi diamati selama 12 bulan.  Pada akhir pengamatan, 90% dari fragmen karang berukuran 15 cm yang ditransplantasi dapat bertahan hidup, sedangkan yang lainnya (ukuran 10 cm dan 5 cm) masing-masing sebesar 86% dan 82%.  Rata-rata laju pertumbuhan fragmen karang dengan ukuran awal 5 cm adalah 0,860 cm/bulan, sedangkan ukuran fragmen 10 dan 15 cm masing-masing adalah 0,984 cm/bulan and 1,108 cm/bulan. ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p<0.05) antara ketiga ukuran fragmen yang berbeda, di mana ukuran fragmen karang yang lebih panjang cenderung mempunyai ketahanan hidup yang lebih baik. Namun demikian, ukuran transplant yang lebih kecil memiliki pertumbuhan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ukuran yang lebih besar, yakni10,318 cm/tahun (206%) untuk transplant berukuran 5 cm, 11,803 cm/tahun (118%) untuk 10 cm, dan 13,299 cm/tahun (89%) untuk ukuran 15 cm.

scholarly journals Summary of a Report on a Survey of the Fal Estuary Oyster Beds: (November, 1924),: With Notes on the Biology of the Oyster (O. edulis)

1927 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-628 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Orton ◽  
D. Bartley Stevenson
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Large Majority ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Fair Proportion ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Better Than

The spatfall in 1924, as in 1923, was very slight and from the point of view of the oyster-producer was a failure, and was little better in 1922.The growth of oysters in the summer of 1924 was unusually great; this has had the effect of bringing a large proportion of small oysters to a legally takeable size.The dredging results have, therefore, been much better than they were expected to be in the season of 1924–25, but the effect has been to deplete the beds still more of reserve stocks of small.Practically all the present stocks of small oysters are of a size between 2 and 2½ inches.With only average growth in 1925 and 1926 a large majority of these small oysters will have attained a size which will not pass through a 2½-inch ring; hence the beds are in a dangerous state.If, therefore, dredging continues under the present conditions, almost the whole of the present stock of small will have grown to large oysters and be cleared off the beds in the season of 1926–27.It is shown that although oysters may grow to a size of 2½ inches at Falmouth in small numbers in three summers, yet four summers are required before a fair proportion of spat can be expected to attain a size of 2½ inches.

scholarly journals Recent divergences in stratospheric water vapor measurements by frost point hygrometers and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale F. Hurst ◽  
William G. Read ◽  
Holger Vömel ◽  
Henry B. Selkirk ◽  
Karen H. Rosenlof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Frost Point ◽  
Comparison Period ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Balloon-borne frost point hygrometers (FPs) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) provide high-quality vertical profile measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). A previous comparison of stratospheric water vapor measurements by FPs and MLS over three FP sites, Boulder, Colorado (40.0° N), Hilo, Hawaii (19.7° N) and Lauder, New Zealand (45.0° S), from August 2004 through December 2012, demonstrated agreement better than 1 % between 68 and 26 hPa, but also exposed statistically significant biases of 2 to 10 % at 83 and 100 hPa (Hurst et al., 2014). A simple linear regression analysis of the FPH-MLS differences revealed no significant long-term drifts between the two instruments. Here we extend the drift comparison to mid-2015 and add two FP sites, Lindenberg, Germany (52.2° N) and San José, Costa Rica (10.0° N) that employ FPs of different manufacture and calibration for their water vapor soundings. The extended comparison period reveals that stratospheric FP and MLS measurements over 4 of the 5 sites have diverged at rates of 0.03 to 0.07 ppmv yr−1 (0.6 to 1.5 % yr−1) from ~2010 to mid-2015. These rates are similar in magnitude to the 30-year (1980–2010) average growth rate of stratospheric water vapor (~1 % yr−1) measured by FPs over Boulder (Hurst et al., 2011). By mid-2015, the FP-MLS differences at some sites were large enough to exceed the combined accuracy estimates of the FP and MLS measurements.

scholarly journals KINERJA EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA DI AMERIKA SERIKAT TAHUN 2009-2017: PENDEKATAN MODEL CONSTANT MARKET SHARE (CMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Siti Sahatul Fatimah ◽  
Sri Marwanti ◽  
Suprapti Supardi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Better Than

Ekspor merupakan salah satu parameter yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan, agar suatu negara dapat mengetahui seberapa besar pertumbuhan ekonominya. Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang memiliki peranan penting dalam kontribusi ekonomi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kinerja ekspor komoditas udang Indonesia di Amerika Serikat tahun 2009-2017. Komoditas udang yang diteliti dikelompokkan lebih spesifik menjadi tiga jenis produk, yaitu udang beku, udang segar dan udang olahan. Metode analisis adalah Constant Market Share (CMS) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder daritahun 2009 hingga tahun 2017 yang diperoleh dari United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Division (UN Comtrade) dan International Trade Center (ITC:).Rata-rata pertumbuhan ekspor udang Indonesiasecara umum lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata pertumbuhan ekspor udang dunia. Kinerja ekspor udang beku lebih baik dibanding udang segar dan udang olahan, dilihat dari aspek efek komposisi produk dan dan efek daya saing, namun dari aspek efek distribusi udang beku dan udang segar kalah dibanding dengan udang olahan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa udang beku Indonesia memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan, walaupun dari aspek distribusi masih lemah (ditunjukkan dengan nilai yang bertanda negatif). Hasil CMS menunjukkan bahwa ekspor udang Indonesia masih berfokus pada udang beku saja, dan kurang memprioritaskan udang segar dan udang olahan. Hal tersebutmenunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya evaluasi baik dari sisi produksi, distribusi dan mutu produk untuk meningkatkan kinerja produk terutama di udang segar maupun olahan. Title: Export Performance of Indonesian Shrimp In the United States During 2009-2017: A Constant Market Share Model Approach  Export is an important sector to calculate the economic growth of the country. Shrimp is one of main commodity that gives significant contribution to Indonesia economic. The research was aimed at analyzing the export performance of Indonesian shrimp in the United States during 2009-2017. Specifically, the shrimps were grouped into three categories, frozen shrimp, fresh shrimp, and processed shrimp. Constant Market Share (CMS) approach was used in this study. This study used secondary data from 2009 to 2017 that were collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Division (UN Comtrade) and International Trade Center (ITC). The average growth of Indonesia shrimp was higher than the average growth of the world shrimp exports. The result of CMS suggested that export performance of frozen shrimp was better than the fresh shrimp and processed shrimp based on product composition and competitiveness effect. However, processed shrimp was better than frozen shrimp and fresh shrimp in terms of distribution effect. The result showed that Indonesia shrimp exports were still focused only on frozen shrimp rather than fresh shrimp and processed shrimp. Frozen shrimp had a great potential of development despite of its poor distribution (negative value). This phenomenon suggested a necessary evaluation on the production, distribution, and product quality to improve the product performance especially on fresh shrimp and processed shrimp.

scholarly journals The Effect of Row Structure on Soil Moisture Retrieval Accuracy from Passive Microwave Data

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zheng Xingming ◽  
Zhao Kai ◽  
Li Yangyang ◽  
Ren Jianhua ◽  
Ding Yanling
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Discrete Model ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Microwave Brightness Temperature ◽  
Retrieval Accuracy ◽  
Inversion Model ◽  
Vegetation Parameters ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Row structure causes the anisotropy of microwave brightness temperature (TB) of soil surface, and it also can affect soil moisture retrieval accuracy when its influence is ignored in the inversion model. To study the effect of typical row structure on the retrieved soil moisture and evaluate if there is a need to introduce this effect into the inversion model, two ground-based experiments were carried out in 2011. Based on the observed C-band TB, field soil and vegetation parameters, row structure rough surface assumption (Qpmodel and discrete model), including the effect of row structure, and flat rough surface assumption (Qpmodel), ignoring the effect of row structure, are used to model microwave TB of soil surface. Then, soil moisture can be retrieved, respectively, by minimizing the difference of the measured and modeled TB. The results show that soil moisture retrieval accuracy based on the row structure rough surface assumption is approximately 0.02 cm3/cm3better than the flat rough surface assumption for vegetated soil, as well as 0.015 cm3/cm3better for bare and wet soil. This result indicates that the effect of row structure cannot be ignored for accurately retrieving soil moisture of farmland surface when C-band is used.

scholarly journals Recent divergences in stratospheric water vapor measurements by frost point hygrometers and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 4447-4457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale F. Hurst ◽  
William G. Read ◽  
Holger Vömel ◽  
Henry B. Selkirk ◽  
Karen H. Rosenlof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Upper Troposphere ◽  
Stratospheric Water Vapor ◽  
Frost Point ◽  
Comparison Period ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. Balloon-borne frost point hygrometers (FPs) and the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) provide high-quality vertical profile measurements of water vapor in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). A previous comparison of stratospheric water vapor measurements by FPs and MLS over three sites – Boulder, Colorado (40.0° N); Hilo, Hawaii (19.7° N); and Lauder, New Zealand (45.0° S) – from August 2004 through December 2012 not only demonstrated agreement better than 1 % between 68 and 26 hPa but also exposed statistically significant biases of 2 to 10 % at 83 and 100 hPa (Hurst et al., 2014). A simple linear regression analysis of the FP–MLS differences revealed no significant long-term drifts between the two instruments. Here we extend the drift comparison to mid-2015 and add two FP sites – Lindenberg, Germany (52.2° N), and San José, Costa Rica (10.0° N) – that employ FPs of different manufacture and calibration for their water vapor soundings. The extended comparison period reveals that stratospheric FP and MLS measurements over four of the five sites have diverged at rates of 0.03 to 0.07 ppmv year−1 (0.6 to 1.5 % year−1) from  ∼  2010 to mid-2015. These rates are similar in magnitude to the 30-year (1980–2010) average growth rate of stratospheric water vapor ( ∼  1 % year−1) measured by FPs over Boulder (Hurst et al., 2011). By mid-2015, the FP–MLS differences at some sites were large enough to exceed the combined accuracy estimates of the FP and MLS measurements.

scholarly journals Towards a regional high-resolution bathymetry of the North West Shelf of Australia based on Sentinel-2 satellite images, 3D seismic surveys and historical datasets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulysse Lebrec ◽  
Victorien Paumard ◽  
Michael J. O'Leary ◽  
Simon C. Lang
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
3D Seismic ◽  
Seismic Surveys ◽  
North West ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
High Resolution Bathymetry ◽  
Water Depths ◽  
Better Than

Abstract. High-resolution bathymetry is a critical dataset for marine geoscientists. It can be used to characterize the seafloor and its marine habitats, to understand past sedimentary records and even to support the development of offshore engineering projects. Most methods to acquire bathymetry data are costly and can only be practically deployed on relatively small areas. It is therefore critical to develop cost-effective and advanced techniques to produce large-scale bathymetry datasets. This paper presents an integrated workflow that builds on satellites images and 3D seismic surveys, integrated with historical depth soundings, to generate a regional high-resolution digital elevation model. The method was applied to the southern half of Australia's North West Shelf and led to the creation of a new high-resolution bathymetry, with a resolution of 10 × 10 m in nearshore areas and 30 × 30 m elsewhere. The vertical and spatial accuracy of the datasets have been thoroughly assessed using open source Laser Airborne Depth Sounder (LADS) and Multi Beam Echo Sounder (MBES) surveys as a reference. The comparison of the datasets indicates that the seismic-derived bathymetry has a vertical accuracy better than 1 m + 2 % of the absolute water depths, while the satellite-derived bathymetry has a depth accuracy better than 1 m + 5 % of the absolute water depths. This dataset constitutes a significant improvement of the pre-existing regional 250 × 250 m grid and will support the onset of research projects on costal morphologies, marine habitats, archaeology, and sedimentology. All datasets used as inputs are publicly available and the method is fully integrated in Python scripts making it readily applicable elsewhere in Australia and around the world. The workflow as well as the resulting bathymetry have been independently reviewed and approved for release by a technical committee from the AusSeabed Community (Geoscience Australia). The regional digital elevation model as well as the underlying datasets can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.26186/144600.

scholarly journals Sharia Business Unit Spin-off: Strategic Development Model of Sharia Banking in Indonesia

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Iim Hilman
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Business Development ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Islamic Banks ◽  
Business Unit ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Better Than

Islamic bank in Indonesia in the last ten years shows a positive trend is quite impressive, the average asset growth of 30% is well above the average growth of conventional banks which only reached 15%. The other side, if the terms of its contribution to the national banking system is still very small, as indicated by the achievement of market share of Islamic banks until the end of December 2016 reached only 5.30% of the total national banking assets. Regarding to the objective conditions, would need the appropriate business development strategy to boost growth and expand market share, so that Islamic banks can increase their role in national economic activities. Spin-Off sharia business unit owned by a conventional bank is one of the business development strategy offered by the Banking Act. This paper aims to identify and measure the effectiveness of the implementation of the spin-off business unit into a sharia/Islamic banks (Sharia Commercial Bank-SCB) that have been carried out by some Islamic banks in Indonesia. The results show that the growth rate of SCB business activity is better than Sharia Business Unit (SBU), but in terms of profitability and efficiency level of SBU is better than SCB.

scholarly journals KINERJA EKSPOR UDANG INDONESIA DI AMERIKA SERIKAT TAHUN 2009-2017: PENDEKATAN MODEL CONSTANT MARKET SHARE (CMS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Siti Sahatul Fatimah ◽  
Sri Marwanti ◽  
Suprapti Supardi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Market Share ◽  
Export Performance ◽  
The United States ◽  
Commodity Trade ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Trade Center ◽  
Constant Market Share ◽  
Frozen Shrimp ◽  
Better Than

Ekspor merupakan salah satu parameter yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan, agar suatu negara dapat mengetahui seberapa besar pertumbuhan ekonominya. Udang merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang memiliki peranan penting dalam kontribusi ekonomi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kinerja ekspor komoditas udang Indonesia di Amerika Serikat tahun 2009-2017. Komoditas udang yang diteliti dikelompokkan lebih spesifik menjadi tiga jenis produk, yaitu udang beku, udang segar dan udang olahan. Metode analisis adalah Constant Market Share (CMS) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder daritahun 2009 hingga tahun 2017 yang diperoleh dari United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Division (UN Comtrade) dan International Trade Center (ITC:).Rata-rata pertumbuhan ekspor udang Indonesiasecara umum lebih tinggi daripada rata-rata pertumbuhan ekspor udang dunia. Kinerja ekspor udang beku lebih baik dibanding udang segar dan udang olahan, dilihat dari aspek efek komposisi produk dan dan efek daya saing, namun dari aspek efek distribusi udang beku dan udang segar kalah dibanding dengan udang olahan. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa udang beku Indonesia memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk dikembangkan, walaupun dari aspek distribusi masih lemah (ditunjukkan dengan nilai yang bertanda negatif). Hasil CMS menunjukkan bahwa ekspor udang Indonesia masih berfokus pada udang beku saja, dan kurang memprioritaskan udang segar dan udang olahan. Hal tersebutmenunjukkan bahwa perlu adanya evaluasi baik dari sisi produksi, distribusi dan mutu produk untuk meningkatkan kinerja produk terutama di udang segar maupun olahan. Title: Export Performance of Indonesian Shrimp In the United States During 2009-2017: A Constant Market Share Model Approach  Export is an important sector to calculate the economic growth of the country. Shrimp is one of main commodity that gives significant contribution to Indonesia economic. The research was aimed at analyzing the export performance of Indonesian shrimp in the United States during 2009-2017. Specifically, the shrimps were grouped into three categories, frozen shrimp, fresh shrimp, and processed shrimp. Constant Market Share (CMS) approach was used in this study. This study used secondary data from 2009 to 2017 that were collected from the United Nations Commodity Trade Statistics Division (UN Comtrade) and International Trade Center (ITC). The average growth of Indonesia shrimp was higher than the average growth of the world shrimp exports. The result of CMS suggested that export performance of frozen shrimp was better than the fresh shrimp and processed shrimp based on product composition and competitiveness effect. However, processed shrimp was better than frozen shrimp and fresh shrimp in terms of distribution effect. The result showed that Indonesia shrimp exports were still focused only on frozen shrimp rather than fresh shrimp and processed shrimp. Frozen shrimp had a great potential of development despite of its poor distribution (negative value). This phenomenon suggested a necessary evaluation on the production, distribution, and product quality to improve the product performance especially on fresh shrimp and processed shrimp.

Micro Electrochemical Polishing of TiNi Alloy for Medical Stent

2009 ◽  
Vol 79-82 ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tae Hee Shin ◽  
Seeung Yub Baek ◽  
Eun Sang Lee
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Rough Surface ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Tini Alloy ◽  
Surgical Operation ◽  
Electrochemical Polishing ◽  
Stent Material ◽  
Better Than

The medical stent is using widely for a surgical operation, because it can reduce the pain of cardiac. When it was developed initially, medical stent was made of stainless steel, however, the TiNi alloy is widely using presently instead of stainless steel. Because, TiNi alloy has not only super elasticity and Smart Material Effect (SME) but also excellent organism compatibility. For these reason, the TiNi alloy is currently highlighted for medical stent material better than other materials. Nevertheless, this TiNi alloy is not suitable to traditional machining process. When the traditional machining process is conducted to the TiNi alloy, it cannot be discharged the machining heat and inner stress. Also, traditional machining process makes a lot of microscopic burrs on the TiNi alloy surface. This microscopic burrs and the rough surface makes injury on vascular, so, it should be necessary non-traditional machining process without defect of traditional machining. In this paper, microscopic burrs on TiNi alloy for medical stent are removed, and surface roughness of the medical stent is evaluated by Electrochemical Polishing (EP) which is one of the non-traditional machining.

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