Variability Studies in Morphometric Traits on Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Natural Populations in Himachal Pradesh

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-125
Author(s):  
Sangeeta Devi ◽  
◽  
H.P. Sankhyan ◽  
Sanjeev Thakur ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Himachal Pradesh ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Diameter Class ◽  
Morphometric Traits ◽  
Quercus Leucotrichophora

Variability studies on Quercus leucotrichophora A. Camus Populations (Banoak) in Himachal Pradesh was carried out during 2014-16 for selection of best phenotypes. In order to select best sites for improved genetic gain and quality production of Quercus leucotrichophora, eight sites and three D.B.H. classes from Himachal Pradesh were evaluated on the basis of morphometric traits. The study revealed significant variation among different sites for traits viz., tree height, clean bole height, crown width, leaf area, leaf length, leaf width. Whereas, among the different diameter classes all the traits showed significant variation except number of primary branches, leaf area, leaf width. Over all site S8 (Salooni-Chamba) was found to be superior followed by Site S6 (Manikaran-Kullu) for all traits. Diameter class D3 ( > 60 cm) excelled in morphometric traits. Study concluded that superiority of S8 (Salooni) and S6 (Manikaran) populations from large diameter class D3 ( > 60 cm dbh) for obtaining seed /propagules for further testing and obtaining best results.

scholarly journals Effects of Seeds Source and Manure Type on Germination and Early Growth of Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss Seedlings in Bauchi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. M. Abubakar ◽  
E. K. Rabo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter

Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss is a perennial deciduous tree which has many uses in developing nations. The population of the tree is rapidly declining due to no conservation efforts to prevent the species from endanger and extinction. At the moment there is dearth information on manure types required to raise healthy seedlings of the tree species in the study area. To conserve this genetic resource, germination and early growth rate experiment was carried out using seeds collected from three locations (eco-zones) (Alkaleri, Bauchi and Toro). Matured seeds of K. senegalensis were collected from mother tree stand in the three locations. One hundred and fifty seeds (150) from each location were sown in perforated polythene pots at an average depth of 2-3 cm. After germination i.e. 30 days after planting, different manures were applied to the seedlings. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, namely: poultry dung, cow dung and NPK manures; the experiment was replicated four times. Data on seeds germination variables of interest (seedling heights, number of leaves, collar diameter, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length and fresh weights) were measured. Seedlings height were measured using meter rule, collar diameters using a venier caliper, numbers of leaves were determined by manual counting the number of leaves on the seedlings, leaf area was measured by tracing leaves of seedling on a graduated graph sheet. Data collected on seed germination and early growth rate were subjected to descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (ANOVA). Where significant differences occurred, Tukey test was used to separate the means. Based on this finding, germination of seeds commenced after 10 to 14 days. Locations and manure types had significant effects on the mean heights, number of leaves, collar diameter, leaf area, leaf width, length and fresh weights of K. senegalensis seedlings in the study area. Thus, for species conservation and genetic heredity, seeds sourced from Bauchi eco-zone was the best with poultry manure as the best performed manure for the raising of K. senegalensis seedlings in the study area.

Stability, correlation and path coefficient analysis for yield and quality traits in betelvine (Piper betle L.) genotypes under three different sets of conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 79 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Tirkey ◽  
Vibha Ramtake ◽  
S. S. Porte ◽  
P. K. Joshi ◽  
N. Khare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stability Analysis ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Piper Betle ◽  
Path Coefficient ◽  
High Potassium ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
High Potassium Content

Betelvine (Piper betle L.) is commonly consumed as betel quid or paan with areca nut and/or tobacco; and also utilized in Indian medicine systems and in religious ceremonies. The betel production is highly erratic and so is the income of farmers due to natural climatic factors and spoilage during transport. It is therefore important to improve its productivity per vine and per unit area to meet the demand. Correlation, path coefficient and stability analysis was carried out in fifteen genotypes of betelvine including 3 checks under three protected structures, namely, Bareja (E1), Poly tunnel (E2) and Net tunnel (E3). Among the three structures, Net tunnel was found suitable for the cultivation of betelvine in Chhattisgarh. With respect to quality parameters, Meetha paan (2.65 g/100g) followed by Billori (2.23 g/100g) found to have high protein content. Meetha paan (5.89g/100g) followed by Meetha-cum-bangla (5.36g/100g) was also found to possess high starch content. However, low fiber content was recorded in Meetha pan (1.83g/100g), whereas high potassium content was found in Ramtake meetha (933mg/100g) followed by Bidhan pan (991mg/100g). The genotype, Karapaku possessed high potassium content (2.67mg/g). Hedonic five point scale for organolaptic test showed Meetha paan (2.3/5) followed by Bali paan (2.4/5) were less pungent among genotype studied. Highest shelf life was found in genotype Karapaku and Bhaichigudi (18days). The results indicated that number of leaves per vein were positively correlated with leaf width (0.802 and 0.819) followed by leaf area (0.790 and 0.808), leaf area index (0.782 and 0.800), leaf length (0.745 and 0.759), specific leaf weight (0.681 and 0.709), petiole length (0.658 and 0.705), diameter of internodes (0.484 and 0.559) and R-value (0.112 and 0.110) at both phenotypic and genotypic level, respectively. Path analysis identified leaf width (0.8772) and leaf length (0.4712) had direct effects on leaf yield at phenotypic level. Highest positive direct effect on leaf yield was exerted by leaf area (1.3544) followed by leaf width (0.8986) at genotypic level. These characters can be used as selection criterion in a breeding programme to develop varieties of betelvine with high leaf yield. The stability analysis under three different protected structures viz; E1, E2, E3 indicated that the genotypes, Karapaku, Bhaichigudi and Maghai pan are stable across the environment for leaf yield.

scholarly journals Non-Destructive Model to Predict Commelina diffusa Leaf Area

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.B. CARVALHO ◽  
E.A. ALVES ◽  
S. BIANCO
Keyword(s):  
Linear Equation ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Perennial Crops ◽  
Simple Linear Equation ◽  
Non Destructive

ABSTRACT: Leaf length (L), leaf width (W), and leaf area (LA) were measured from 100 leaves aiming to determine a simple linear equation (Y=a*X) to predict the leaf area of Commelina diffusa, an important weed infesting annual and perennial crops in Brazil and worldwide. Results indicate the equation LA=0.7*LW reliably estimates the leaf area of C. diffusa, after correlating LA with LW, and then validating that equation by analyzing four new 25-leaf samples.

scholarly journals Growth and Flowering Responses of Cut Chrysanthemum Grown under Restricted Root Volume to Irrigation Frequency

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viyachai Taweesak ◽  
Thohirah Lee Abdullah ◽  
Siti Aishah Hassan ◽  
Nitty Hirawaty Kamarulzaman ◽  
Wan Abdullah Wan Yusoff
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Phosphorus Content ◽  
Chrysanthemum Morifolium ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Irrigation Frequency ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Root Volume

Influences of irrigation frequency on the growth and flowering of chrysanthemum grown under restricted root volume were tested. Chrysanthemum cuttings (Chrysanthemum morifolium“Reagan White”) were grown in seedling tray which contained coconut peat in volumes of 73 and 140 cm3. Plants were irrigated with drip irrigation at irrigation frequencies of 4 (266 mL), 6 (400 mL), and 8 (533 mL) times/day to observe their growth and flowering performances. There was interaction between irrigation frequency and substrate volume on plant height of chrysanthemum. Plants grown in 140 cm3substrates and irrigated 6 times/day produced the tallest plant of 109.25 cm. Plants irrigated 6 and 8 times/day had significantly higher level of phosphorus content in their leaves than those plants irrigated 4 times/day. The total leaf area, number of internodes, leaf length, and leaf width of chrysanthemums grown in 140 cm3substrate were significantly higher than those grown in 73 cm3substrate. The numbers of flowers were affected by both irrigation frequencies and substrate volumes. Chrysanthemums irrigated 8 times/day had an average of 19.56 flowers while those irrigated 4 times/day had an average of 16.63 flowers. Increasing irrigation frequency can improve the growth and flowering of chrysanthemums in small substrate volumes.

scholarly journals Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Growth of Pakchoi in Cold and Dry Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Heng LI ◽  
Wei-Ming LI ◽  
Ling-Hao BU
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract [Background] To reveal the effect of potassium deficiency on the growth and development of pakchoi in cold and dry areas.[Results] The effect of potassium deficiency on the growth status of P. pakchoi in cold and dry areas was significant. P. pakchoi treated with potassium-free nutrient solution had the best growth, the largest number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length and weight; P. pakchoi treated with 100% potassium deficiency had the smallest plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length and weight; P. pakchoi treated with potassium deficiency 50% had the middle growth and development status, and the root ratio was the smallest in d 21.[Conclusion] Potassium can effectively promote the growth and development of pakchoi in cold and dry areas, increase its root length, leaf width, leaf area, weight, etc. The quality of the upper part and the underground part of d,21 of pakchoi treated with deficiency is the most different.

scholarly journals Inheritance of some flag leaf and yield characteristics by half-diallel analysis in rice crops (Oryza Sativa L.)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessreen N. Bassuony ◽  
József Zsembeli
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Flag Leaf Width ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Flag Leaf Length ◽  
Half Diallel

AbstractThis study was conducted during 2018 and 2019 at the Rice Research and Training Centre farm, Sakha, Kafr el Sheikh, Egypt. Six genotypes of rice, Sakha 101, Giza 178, Irat 170, Wab-56-104, IR65500-127 and IR69853 were half-diallel crossed to estimate the combining ability effect as well as sink and yield potential in rice. Sink capacity (number of spikelets/panicle and 1000-grain weight), source leaf (flag leaf length, flag leaf width and flag leaf area), source-sink association (number of spikelets/panicle to flag leaf area ratio) and traits of yield components (filled grains number/panicle and panicle number) plant and grain yield/plant) were analysed. The results indicated that both general and specific combining ability were highly significant for all the studied characteristics. IR65500-127, Giza 178, and Sakha 101 were identified as good parents, so these parents were suggested for a further recombinant breeding programme. The cross of 3 × 5 was found to be superior for flag leaf width and grain yield, while the cross of 1 × 4 was found to be superior for flag leaf length, flag leaf length/width ratio, chlorophyll content and number of panicles/plant. Advancing these crosses and effected selections in segregating generation would be helpful to develop high yielding varieties. The genetic parameter showed a dominant deviation in one direction was controlled for all characters except flag leaf length. The analysis of the regression line showed that the over-dominance played an important role in the inheritance of gene action for grain yield/plant.

scholarly journals Genetic Variation of Some Tobacco (Nicotiana Tabacum L.) Genotypes by Morphological Traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Z. Porkabiri ◽  
N. Sabaghnia ◽  
R. Ranjbar ◽  
H.H. Maleki
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Lattice Design ◽  
Simple Lattice ◽  
Nicotiana Tabacum L ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Effective Selection ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Ideal Genotype

Abstract Simple lattice design with two replicates was used to evaluate 25 tobacco genotypes. The following eight traits were measured and evaluated: plant height (PH), leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW), leaf number per plant (LN), stem girth (SG), leaf area (LA), dry leaf yield (DLW), and fresh leaf yield (FLW). The genotype by trait biplot for tobacco dataset explained 73% of the total variation of the standardized data. The polygon view of genotype by trait presented for the eight different traits of tobacco genotypes showed six vertex cultivars (G4, G5, G11, G12, G18, and G21). Genotype G21 had the highest values for most of the measured traits. Based on a vector view biplot, strong positive associations among LL, DLW, FLW, and LA were detected while near zero correlations between LL and SG, as well as between LL and PH were observed. Generally, based on ideal genotype and ideal tester biplots, it was demonstrated that the selection for high leaf yield should be performed via leaf length, leaf width, and leaf area traits identified as effective selection criteria for high yielding cultivars.

scholarly journals Stomatal density, leaf area and plant size variation of Rhizophora mangle (Malpighiales: Rhizophoraceae) along a salinity gradient in the Mexican Caribbean

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne R. Peel ◽  
Maria C. Mandujano Sanchez ◽  
Jorge Lopez Portillo ◽  
Jordan Golubov
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
High Salinity ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Low Salinity

In community ecology, the knowledge of abiotic factors, that determine intraspecific variability in ecophysiological and functional traits, is important for addressing major questions, such as plant community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Mangroves have several mechanisms of resistance to salinity and most species exhibit some xeromorphic features in order to conserve water. Leaf area and stomatal density play an important role in maintaining water balance, and gas exchange is regulated by their aperture and density, two traits that vary intraspecifically in response to environmental conditions, such as water stress and salinity. In this study, we evaluated the effects of salinity on stomatal density, leaf area and plant size in R. mangle and we tested for associations among the three variables, across three sites along a natural salinity gradient in the Xel-Há Park, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We hypothesized that high salinity sites would produce smaller plants, with smaller leaves, and fewer stomata. Three sampling sites with different environmental conditions were chosen and salinities were monitored monthly. A total of 542 plants were tagged and tree heights and diameters were measured for each individual within each of the three sampling sites. Three leaves from 20 trees from each site were measured to determine leaf area. Stomatal densities were determined in each leaf using nail polish casts, examining ten 1 mm squares per leaf under an optical microscope. A principal component analysis was used to assess association between tree height, leaf area, and stomatal density for each plot. The salinity gradient was reflected in plant size, producing smaller plants at the higher salinity site. The largest leaves were found at the low salinity site (51.2 ± 24.99 cm2). Leaf length was not correlated to plant size (LL vs. tree height: r= 0.02, P= 0.8205; LL vs. trunk diameter: r= 0.03, P= 0.7336), so we concluded that leaf length is an environmentally plastic trait of red mangroves that may vary as a function of environmental conditions, such as hydric stress caused by elevated salinity. The larger leaves from the low salinity site had lower densities of stomata (65.0 stomata.mm2 SD= 12.3), and increasing salinities did not decrease stomatal density (intermediate salinity site: 73.4 stomata.mm2 SD= 13.5; high salinity site: 74.8 stomata.mm2 SD= 17.3). Our results confirm that stomatal density is inversely related to leaf area (r= -0.29, P < 0.001), especially leaf width (r= -0.31, P < 0.001), and that salinity may increase stomatal density by causing reduction of leaf size.

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