scholarly journals Effects of Seeds Source and Manure Type on Germination and Early Growth of Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss Seedlings in Bauchi State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
E. M. Abubakar ◽  
E. K. Rabo
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter

Khaya senegalensis (Desr) A. Juss is a perennial deciduous tree which has many uses in developing nations. The population of the tree is rapidly declining due to no conservation efforts to prevent the species from endanger and extinction. At the moment there is dearth information on manure types required to raise healthy seedlings of the tree species in the study area. To conserve this genetic resource, germination and early growth rate experiment was carried out using seeds collected from three locations (eco-zones) (Alkaleri, Bauchi and Toro). Matured seeds of K. senegalensis were collected from mother tree stand in the three locations. One hundred and fifty seeds (150) from each location were sown in perforated polythene pots at an average depth of 2-3 cm. After germination i.e. 30 days after planting, different manures were applied to the seedlings. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments, namely: poultry dung, cow dung and NPK manures; the experiment was replicated four times. Data on seeds germination variables of interest (seedling heights, number of leaves, collar diameter, leaf area, leaf width, leaf length and fresh weights) were measured. Seedlings height were measured using meter rule, collar diameters using a venier caliper, numbers of leaves were determined by manual counting the number of leaves on the seedlings, leaf area was measured by tracing leaves of seedling on a graduated graph sheet. Data collected on seed germination and early growth rate were subjected to descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (ANOVA). Where significant differences occurred, Tukey test was used to separate the means. Based on this finding, germination of seeds commenced after 10 to 14 days. Locations and manure types had significant effects on the mean heights, number of leaves, collar diameter, leaf area, leaf width, length and fresh weights of K. senegalensis seedlings in the study area. Thus, for species conservation and genetic heredity, seeds sourced from Bauchi eco-zone was the best with poultry manure as the best performed manure for the raising of K. senegalensis seedlings in the study area.

scholarly journals Effects of Potassium Deficiency on Growth of Pakchoi in Cold and Dry Areas

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shi-Heng LI ◽  
Wei-Ming LI ◽  
Ling-Hao BU
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Potassium Deficiency ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Growth Status ◽  
Dry Areas ◽  
Number Of Leaves

Abstract [Background] To reveal the effect of potassium deficiency on the growth and development of pakchoi in cold and dry areas.[Results] The effect of potassium deficiency on the growth status of P. pakchoi in cold and dry areas was significant. P. pakchoi treated with potassium-free nutrient solution had the best growth, the largest number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length and weight; P. pakchoi treated with 100% potassium deficiency had the smallest plant, leaf length, leaf width, leaf area, root length and weight; P. pakchoi treated with potassium deficiency 50% had the middle growth and development status, and the root ratio was the smallest in d 21.[Conclusion] Potassium can effectively promote the growth and development of pakchoi in cold and dry areas, increase its root length, leaf width, leaf area, weight, etc. The quality of the upper part and the underground part of d,21 of pakchoi treated with deficiency is the most different.

scholarly journals Produksi Tanaman Kangkung dan Ikan Lele dengan Sistem Akuaponik

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 68
Author(s):  
Lukito Hasta Pratopo ◽  
Ahmad Thoriq
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Graphical Form ◽  
Water Spinach ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Control Water

Kale and catfish are the most popular vegetables and fish in Indonesia. The production of these two commodities can be done using an aquaponics system. This study aims to determine the growth of water spinach plants and the survival of catfish in the aquaponic system. Plant growth parameters were measured every three days which included plant height, leaf width, leaf length, number of leaves and plant weight after harvest. The development of catfish that was observed every three days included the number of dead catfish and the weight of catfish measured every nine days. The data obtained were then tabulated and processed in graphical form and analyzed descriptively. The results showed The growth rate of kale planted in the aquaponic system includes plant height, leaf length, and leaf width, respectively, 2.51 cm / three days, 0.75 cm / three days and 0.24 cm / three days, while in kale plants (control) 1.30 / three days, 0.5 cm / three days, and 0.12 cm / three days, respectively. The yield of water spinach planted with the aquaponics system weighed 350 grams / pot, while the control water spinach was only 135 grams / pot. During 30 days of maintenance there was an increase in weight of catfish as much as 11.25 grams / head with the survival rate (SR) of catfish seeds by 93%.

scholarly journals Line×tester analysis in lilium×formolongi: identification of superior parents for growth and flowering traits

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-187
Author(s):  
R Rai ◽  
J Shrestha ◽  
JH Kim
Keyword(s):  
Plant Height ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Flower Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Almost All

An experiment was carried out using eight double cross F1s (DCF1s) as lines and two testers to obtain sixteen Line ×Tester hybrids for the evaluation of major growth and flowering traits thereby to understand the breeding potentiality of the parental lines. The performance of growth and flowering traits of all twenty-six genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed all the genotypes were significantly different for all agro-morphological traits under study. The estimated general combining ability (GCA) effects showed that parent 5(P5), were superior for plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis followed by parent 2(P2) for leaf length, leaf width, days to flowering and attitude of floral axis and parent7 (P7) for number of flower, flower diameter, bud length and attitude for floral axis. Likewise; tester 1 found to be best combiner with significant GCA effect for almost all growth and flowering traits (except number of leaves). The plant height, leaf width, number of flower and attitude of floral axis showed prevailing additive gene action while stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf length, days to flowering, flower diameter and bud length indicated predominance of dominance gene action. We can conclude that parent P5, parent P2 and parent P7 can be used as good mother lines and the tester 1, as good donor for the seed production. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 175-187 (2019)

GROWTH OF BEAN ACCESSIONS AT VARIOUS TEMPERATURES

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. FREYMAN ◽  
G. A. KEMP ◽  
D. B. WILSON
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Bean Cultivar ◽  
Commercial Cultivars

Growth and rates of photosynthesis of two accessions and two cultivars (Great Northern 1140 and Sutter Pink) of bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were compared at 10, 15, and 23 °C in a controlled environment cabinet. The leaf area, dry matter, and rate of total apparent photosynthesis of one of the accessions was significantly higher after growth for 13 days at 10 °C than that of the commercial cultivars. This advantage was not maintained at 23 °C. In another experiment, growth of the same four cultivars was compared at light/dark temperatures of 10/10, 15/12, and 23/18 °C. The two accessions established a higher leaf area and accumulated more dry matter at the cooler temperatures than the commercial cultivars, but lost this advantage at the highest temperatures. In a field trial, the accessions had a similar rapid early growth but fell behind later in the season. Ideally, a bean cultivar for the Canadian prairie should incorporate the accession’s ability for rapid growth and leaf expansion at cool temperatures with a growth rate during mid-summer comparable to that of Great Northern 1140.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of the Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Growth Performance of Tetrapleura tetraptera

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
U. L. Edem ◽  
E. E. Ekerette
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Internode Length ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Cross River ◽  
Tetrapleura Tetraptera ◽  
Chicken Litter ◽  
Number Of Leaves

The continuous destruction of our rainforest has threatened the existence of many useful and multipurpose plant species such as Tetrapleura tetraptera. To revert this situation, efforts must be made towards its sustainable use by encouraging reforestation which entails raising of seedlings for mass propagation of this crop. This study was aimed at comparing the effects of organic (chicken litter) and inorganic (NPK 15:15:15) fertilizers on seedling growth in four accessions of Tetrapleura tetraptera and hence determining fertilizer preference for this forest species. The Complete Randomized Design (CRD) was used in a factorial arrangement with four accessions and three fertilizer types in eight replicates. One month after transplanting, the fertilizers (organic and inorganic) were uniformly applied at the rate of 45 kg/hectare according to the experimental design. Data were collected monthly for a period of three months on plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, leaf length, member of branches, number of leaves, primary and secondary internode length per plant. Data on seedling emergence were also taken. Data collected were subjected to a two-way analysis of variance. Least significant difference (LSD) was used to separate significant means at p = 0.05. Result obtained revealed that the soil was rich in calcium, phosphorus and organic matter but low in nitrogen and potassium which were adequately complemented in mean days to seedling emergence in four accessions studied. Our findings also revealed that the organic (chicken litter) fertilizer did better (P<0.05) in all accessions than inorganic (NPK 15:15:15) fertilizer for all morphological traits studied. The performance of Cross River accession was outstanding as illustrated by the significant interaction obtained in most parameters. With chicken, litter fertilizer, Cross River accession produced the tallest plant (27.38 cm), largest leaf area (1.99 cm2), highest number of branches (20.13), highest number of leaves (66.75), longest stem diameter (0.93 cm), longest leaf length (1.94 cm), lowest primary (0.80) and lowest secondary (0.83) internode length. The use of organic fertilizers is therefore recommended for improved seedling growth of Tetrapleura tetraptera.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dosis Pupuk KCl dan Persentase Defoliasi terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Tin (Ficus carica L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
Raudatul Jannah ◽  
Nurhayati Nurhayati ◽  
Cut Nur Ichsan
Keyword(s):  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Ficus Carica ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Leaf Width ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Branch Diameter ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Number Of Branches

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dosis pupuk KCl dan persentase defoliasi yang tepat serta interaksi antara kedua faktor tersebut terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman  tin. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Rumah Kasa komplek Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai dari bulan Juli sampai September 2019. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah pola RAK faktorial 3 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor yang diteliti yaitu pengaruh dosis pupuk KCl yang terdiri atas 3 taraf (0 g-1tan-1thn, 700 g-1tan-1thn, 800 g-1tan-1thn) dan persentase defoliasi yang terdiri atas 2 taraf (30% dan 60%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan  bahwa dosis pupuk KCl berpengaruh  sangat nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah  daun 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP (minggu setelah  perlakuan) ,  pertambahan panjang daun 2 dan 10 MSP,  pertambahan lebar daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan diameter cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah buah 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP dan jumlah buah total serta berat buah 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP dan berat buah total. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tin yang terbaik dijumpai pada dosis pupuk KCl 800 g-1tan-1thn dengan pertambahan hasil rata-rata 15,4 t. ha-1untuk2 bulan masa panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase defoliasi berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan panjang daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan lebar daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan diameter cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan jumlah buah 2 dan 4 MSP dan berat buah 10 MSP total, berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah buah 6, 8 dan 10 MSP dan jumlah buah total serta berat buah 2, 4, 6, 8 MSP. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tin terbaik dijumpai pada defoliasi daun 60% dengan pertambahan hasil rata-rata 12,6 t. ha-1untuk2 bulan masa panen. Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara dosis pupuk KCl dan persentase defoliasi terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun 4, 6 dan 8 MSP, pertambahan panjang daun 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan lebar daun 2, jumlah cabang 2 dan 10 MSP, pertambahan diameter cabang 2 dan 10 MSP dan jumlah buah 2 MSP dan berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun 2 MSP. Pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman tin terbaik dijumpai pada perlakuan dosis pupuk KCl 800 g-1tan-1thn dengan defoliasi 60%.The Effect of Potassium Chloride (KCl) Fertilizer Doses and DefoliationPercentage on the Growth and the Yield of Fig (Ficus carica L.)Abstract. This research aims to examine the effect of potassium chloride (KCl) fertilizer doses and defoliation percentage on the growth and the production of Fig (Ficus carica L.) and the interaction between these factors on the growth and production of fig plants. This research was conducted at the Screen House of Faculty of Agriculture, Syiah Kuala University, Darussalam, Banda Aceh. The research was carried out from July to September 2019. The research used split-plot design of 3 x 2 factorial RCBD with 3 replications. KCl fertilizer doses consisting of 3 levels (0 g tree-1 yr-1,700 g tree-1yr-1, 800 g tree-1 yr-1) and defoliation percentage consisting of 2 levels (30 % and 60 %). The result shows that KCl fertilizer dose has a very significant effect on increasing the number of leaves to 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT (week after treatment), increasing leaf length at 2 and 10 WAT, leaf width at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of branches at 2 and 10 MSP, branch diameter at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of fruits at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT, and fruit weight at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT. The best growth and yield of fig plants were found at a dose of KCl 800 g tree-1 yr-1with 15,4 t. ha-1 increasing fot two mounths harvest time. Percentage of defoliation has a very significant effect on increasing the number of leaves at 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 WAT, the number of branches at 2 and 10 MSP, the number of fruits at 6 WAT, significantly affected in increasing the number of leaves at 2 and 10 WAT, leaf width at 2 WAT, the number of branches at 2 MSP, branch diameter at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of fruits at 4, 8 and 10 WAT. The best growth and yield of fig plants were found at 60% defoliation treatment1with 12,6 t. ha-1 increasing fot two mounths harvest time. Thus, there was a very significant interaction between the dose of KCl fertilizer and the percentage of defoliation on the increasing the number of leaves at 4, 6 and 8 WAT), leaf length at 2 and 10 WAT, leaf width at 2 WAT, the number of branches at 2 and 10 MSP, branch diameter at 2 and 10 WAT, the number of fruits at 2 WAT and significant interaction on the number of leaves to 2 WAT. The best growth and  yield of fig plants were found in a combination of a dose of 800 g tree-1 yr-1 of KCl fertilizer with 60% of defoliation.

scholarly journals Effects of gamma rays on germination and growth in Jatropha curcas L.

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 964-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dileswar Nayak ◽  
N. S. Patil ◽  
L. K. Behera ◽  
D. B. Jadeja
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Gamma Rays ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Jatropha Curcas L ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Collar Diameter

The present investigation was carried out at the Forestry Research Farm, Navsari Agricultural University; Navsari to evaluate the gamma rays at 10 kR, 20 kR and 30 kR induced variability in Jatropha curcas L. on germination, growth and yield for seven Jatropha genotypes (Phule J-1, Urlikanchan, Hansraj, SKN Big, Chhatrapati, Hansot and MPJ-55). The significantly maximum germination percentage (66.96%), seedling survival (74.18%), seedling collar diameter (0.958cm), shoot length (49.442cm), number of leaves per seedling (7.757) and leaf area (37. 58)was observed in Chhatrapati genotype during nursery stage. While low rate of gamma rays treatment (10 kR) had stimulatory effect for germination percentage, seedling survival, seedling collar diameter, shoot length, number of leaves per seedling and leaf area. However, higher gamma rays doses (30 kR) drastically reduced all studied characters. The interaction effect of genotype and gamma rays were significant for number of leaves per seedling. Further, it was not significant in other traits like germination percentage, seedling survival, seedling collar diameter, shoot length and leaf area.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF IRRIGATION LEVELS AND SPRAYING MEPIQUAT CHLORIDE ON GROWTH AND PRODUCTIVITY OF PEACH TREES

2019 ◽  
pp. 9-19
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Mepiquat Chloride ◽  
Chlorophyll Contents ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Irrigation Levels

To study the effect of rationalizing irrigation and mepiquat chloride foliar application on growth, productivity and fruit quality of Florida Brines peach trees grafted on Nimagard root stock and grown in sandy soil at a private orchard in El- Tahadi road, EL-Behara Governorate, Egypt. A trial in a split plot design has carried out through two successive seasons of 2018 and 2019. Three drip irrigation levels (100, 80 and 60 % of ETc) were in the main plot and mepiquat chloride foliar application by three levels (without, 150 and 300 ppm) in sub plot and all trees had fertilized by recommended doses. Results indicated that shoot length (cm) and number of leaves/ shoot was not significantly affect by the three irrigation levels in both seasons. Reducing irrigation increased acidity of peach fruits and led to a significant reduction on leaf area (cm)2, total chlorophyll contents, yield, fruit weight, flesh weight, seed weight, TSS and total sugars but no significant difference between irrigation by 80 or 60 % from calculated ETc except with yield and seed weight in both studied seasons. Number of leaves/ shoot, yield either kg/tree or ton/feddan and fruit flesh thickness (cm) were not significantly affected by mepiquat chloride foliar application at all concentrations in both seasons. The highest fruit TSS and the lowest shoot length (cm), leaf length and width (cm), leaf area (cm2) and total fruit acidity were obtained from peach trees treated by mepiquat chloride foliar application at 300 ppm but by mepiquat chloride foliar application at150ppm achieved the highest increase in fruit weight (gr), flesh weight (gr) and fruit total sugars in both seasons. Additionally, the obtained data from the interaction between irrigation levels and mepiquat chloride foliar application showed that mepiquat chloride foliar application made the decrease in irrigation level gave no significantly reduction in shoot length, leaf length and width (cm), leaf area (cm2) especially with concentration 150 ppm and with 300 ppm on leaf total chlorophyll contents. However, this interaction failed to show a clear trend on others studied parameters in both seasons. In addition, peach leaf anatomy has affected by foliar application with mepiquat chloride at 150 ppm and 300 ppm where a prominent increase in thickness of lamina of leaf blade more than those of unsprayed ones (control) has found. Finally, irrigated peach trees by 60% of calculated ETc led to the highest water saving and gave the highest productivity of irrigation water where every used m3 water gave (4.83 & 5.33 kg peach fruits).

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