An Osean of Pre-Occupation and Possibilities: L’orda

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Fiore
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Italian History ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Cultural Connections ◽  
Almost All

Part I (Waters) focuses on the liquid space of sea and ocean waters as quintessential migration spaces. It interconnects emigration from Italy and immigration to Italy by linking these waters in the portmanteau of the title and its characterization as a pre-occupied space. The texts addressed in this Aperture as well as the two chapters it introduces contain stories of the perilous voyages and shipwrecks that have silently punctuated the over-150-year-long history of Italian emigration and that are used here as a platform to re-read Italian history at large, especially in light of the current arrivals of immigrants from all over the world. The Aperture revolves around L’orda (The Horde), the best-selling book by Gian Antonio Stella adapted to the stage with the Compagnia delle Acque, which provides an ideal opportunity to bring attention to the tragic nature of migrant voyages, yesterday as well as today. In the Atlantic and Mediterranean waters, one can discern a thick tapestry of forced and chosen migratory routes, and the cultural connections that they have woven over the centuries. The Mediterranean is the prologue to the transatlantic voyage for the Italian emigrants, while the Atlantic Ocean remains an echo or a possibility in almost all the texts analyzed in Part I.

From the Tower of London to the Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires: “Give me thy grace, good Lord, to set the world at nought”

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Clare M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Short History ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Almost All

The Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires begins or ends almost all its events by reciting in both English and Spanish a prayer written by More in the margins of his Book of Hours probably while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London. After a short history of what is called Thomas More’s Prayer Book, the author studies the prayer as a poem written in the form of a psalm according to the structure of Hebrew poetry, and looks at the poem’s content as a psalm of lament.

scholarly journals The sportification of judo: global convergence and evolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shohei Sato
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Global Convergence ◽  
Martial Arts ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The West ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Olympic Sport

AbstractThis article re-examines our understanding of modern sport. Today, various physical cultures across the world are practised under the name of sport. Almost all of these sports originated in the West and expanded to the rest of the world. However, the history of judo confounds the diffusionist model. Towards the end of the nineteenth century, a Japanese educationalist amalgamated different martial arts and established judo not as a sport but as ‘a way of life’. Today it is practised globally as an Olympic sport. Focusing on the changes in its rules during this period, this article demonstrates that the globalization of judo was accompanied by a constant evolution of its character. The overall ‘sportification’ of judo took place not as a diffusion but as a convergence – a point that is pertinent to the understanding of the global sportification of physical cultures, and also the standardization of cultures in modern times.

Diasporas in Despair, 1560–1700

The Great Sea ◽  
2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Abulafia
Keyword(s):  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Religious Identity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Religious Identities ◽  
Muslim Population ◽  
Sephardic Jews ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
Jewish Descent

Ottoman sultans and Spanish kings, along with their tax officials, took a strong interest in the religious identity of those who crossed the areas of the Mediterranean under their control. Sometimes, in an era marked by the clash of Christian and Muslim empires, the Mediterranean seems to be sharply divided between the two faiths. Yet the Ottomans had long accepted the existence of Christian majorities in many of the lands they ruled, while other groups navigated (metaphorically) between religious identities. The Sephardic Jews have already been encountered, with their astonishing ability to mutate into notionally Christian ‘Portuguese’ when they entered the ports of Mediterranean Spain. This existence suspended between worlds set off its own tensions in the seventeenth century, when many Sephardim acclaimed a deluded Jew of Smyrna as the Messiah. Similar tensions could also be found among the remnants of the Muslim population of Spain. The tragic history of the Moriscos was played out largely away from the Mediterranean Sea between the conversion of the last openly practising Muslims, in 1525, and the final act of their expulsion in 1609; it was their very isolation from the Islamic world that gave these people their distinctive identity, once again suspended between religions. The world inhabited by these Moriscos differed in important respects from that inhabited by the other group of conversos, those of Jewish descent. Although some Moriscos were hauled before the Inquisition, the Spanish authorities at first turned a blind eye to the continued practice of Islam; it was sometimes possible to pay the Crown a ‘service’ that bought exemption from interference by the Inquisition, which was mortified to discover that it could not boost its income by seizing the property of exempt suspects. Many Morisco communities lacked a Christian priest, so the continued practice of the old religion is no great surprise; even in areas where christianization took place, what sometimes emerged was an islamized Christianity, evinced in the remarkable lead tablets of Sacromonte, outside Granada, with their prophecies that ‘the Arabs will be those who aid religion in the last days’ and their mysterious references to a Christian caliph, or successor (to Jesus, not Muhammad).

The world is a room

Focaal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 (63) ◽  
pp. 8-19
Author(s):  
Blai Guarné
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
History Of Anthropology ◽  
Academic History ◽  
Globalizing World ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conditions Of Possibility ◽  
The Mediterranean

It is well accepted that the discussion about intellectual centers and peripheries has a reductionist character that conceals the complexity of a globalizing world. Despite this, we cannot ignore that in the academic history of anthropology central traditions and hegemonic discourses were established, while others were rendered as peripheral or marginal. This historical context has set a disciplinary framework of inequalities and imbalances that created the conditions of possibility for the global production and dissemination of anthropological knowledge. By re-examining the controversy surrounding the anthropology of the Mediterranean and its relation with debates about native anthropology, this article points out the challenge of revising this disciplinary framework in the project of developing a truly global anthropology.

Centennial perspectives on China’s 1911 Revolution

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bin Wong
Keyword(s):  
Political Change ◽  
World History ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Strong State ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Republic ◽  
Almost All ◽  
China Today

Both within and beyond China, contemporary reflections on the end of two millennia of imperial rule in China frequently focus upon the failure of the new republic to form a strong state and an effective parliamentary form of representative government. For many the agenda for political change in China today is traced back to unfulfilled opportunities in the past. This presentation suggests another set of perspectives that asks what political challenges were met in order to create a state ruling almost all the territory of the former empire, a transition unusual if not unique in the world history of empires, and how the manner in which those challenges were met influences the kinds of problems and possibilities China faces a century after the end of the last dynasty.

Albericus Gentilis

1911 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 665-679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Willing Balch
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
State Law ◽  
Imperial Rome ◽  
Law Of Nations ◽  
The World ◽  
Pax Romana ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Law ◽  
Inter State

Modern international law is generally regarded as beginning with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648. But it is necessary to go much further back in the history of the world for the beginnings of the law governing the intercourse of nations. The Greek states had a rudimentary inter-state law that regulated their relations. Thus they practiced arbitration in a way among themselves: they recognized the sanctity of the person of heralds, and they followed other recognized customs in their dealings one with another. When Rome and Carthage and other nations were struggling for the mastery of the world, the beginnings of a law of nations were recognized and practiced between them. Upon, however, practically all the known world coming under the sway of imperial Rome, all possibility as well as need of a law of nations was wanting, and as a result the faltering beginnings of an international law as recognized among the Greek states and then by the Powers surrounding the Mediterranean, were extinguished by the extension of the Pax Romana to all the known world.

Clause-final negative markers in Bobo and Samogo

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 235-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Idiatov
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
Discourse Markers ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Lateral Transfer ◽  
Focus Particles ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
Almost All

As many other languages of northern sub-Saharan Africa, almost all Bobo and Samogo languages (two distantly related Mande groups) exhibit prominently clause-final negative markers (CFNMs), a cross-linguistically uncommon property. Unlike negators in other parts of the world, CFNMs in the area prove to be rather unstable diachronically and relatively easy to borrow, similar to discourse markers, focus particles and phasal adverbs, with which they also happen to share peculiarities of morphosyntax and paths of historical development. This article first provides an exhaustive overview of the data available on the use of CFNMs in these languages. Building on these data, I advance an account of the history of the default CFNMs in these languages. In particular, I argue that the default CFNMs of Jo, Seen and probably Kpeen (all Samogo) go back to the phasal adverbial *kè ‘(not) yet; still’, whereas the default CFNMs of Bobo and Dzuun, Ban and Kpaan ultimately go back to a phasal adverbial *kÚDà(C)á ‘(not) again’. However, the default CFNMs of Dzuun, Kpaan and Ban turn out to be only indirect reflexes resulting from a lateral transfer of the Bobo CFNM, which expanded an already rich system of semantically more specific CFNMs in these languages.

scholarly journals Hitler’s Downfall and the Collapse of the Thousand Years Reich: Multi Fronts and Incapable Allies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ali Baig
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Spanish Civil War ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Third Reich ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Third Reich ◽  
Almost All

AbstractThe downfall of Adolf Hitler was a significant development in the history of the world. His armies conquered almost all of Europe in a dramatic span of time by the employment of Blitzkrieg tactics. Before the outbreak of the Second World War, Hitler assisted General Franco in the Spanish Civil War. Later, while still fighting on the Western front, Hitler ordered the Afrika Korps to assist Italians in Northern Africa and in the Balkans region and finally launched Operation Barbarossa by invading the Soviet Union. The Anti-Comintern Pact, Pact of Steel and Tripartite Pact brought the Third Reich, the Empire of Japan and the Kingdom of Italy onto one page. This paper attempts to probe the multiple fronts and the efficacy of Hitler’s allies including Japan, Italy, Romania, Hungary, Slovakia, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia and Croatia and to try and find the causes behind the downfall of one of the strongest men the world has ever seen from a theoretical perspective. This research did not intend to glorify Hitler or Nazism, but focuses on how the maximization of power and the states’ actions with hegemonic aspirations triggered a balancing coalition and ultimately resulted in punishment from the system itself.

scholarly journals THE THEME OF CHILDHOOD AND CHILD CHARARCTERS IN THE WORKS BY TEUVO PAKKALY AND A. P. CHEKHOV

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Stanislavovna Bratchikova
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The World ◽  
Adult World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Inner World ◽  
Mental Space ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Children's Speech

Books about children that can hardly be called childish, although the main characters in them are children, invariably arouse reader’s interest. Books reveal a child’s inner world, his attitude toward the surrounding reality, the problematic relations between children and adults. Literature on children is represented in almost all national written cultures, but the history of referring to it is due to various causes of social and social development, reasons of a religious, moral and ethical nature. In the article, the author refers to the literature from the second half of the 19th century, to the novels by the Finnish writer Teuvo Pakkala and draws analogies with the novels by the Russian writer A. P. Chekhov. Pakkala was the first in the history of Finnish literature to address the topic of children’s attitudes in the context of adult perception. The world of the children and the world of the adults are most often in antagonistic terms with each other, which are manifested in the perception of reality and in relation to it. These worlds exist in parallel spaces. The intersection of these worlds occurs most often in the mental space, namely in the memories of an adult of his childhood. Both writers see the child as a person, not an object of education. The positions assumed by children in different national societies vary. Pakkala’s heroes often act collectively. The child is surrounded by peers. Chekhov’s characters act alone, being isolated from their peers. It is difficult for them to defend their right to exist and their position in life. Chekhov’s characters most often become the object of social or family violence, despotism, a victim of adult self-affirmation. In the novels by Pakkala, the positive dynamics of the development of relations between children and adults dominate: children can influence the adult world. Their discouraging sincerity and spontaneity compel adults to reconsider the principles, prohibitions and attitudes invented by them and help to establish contact with children. The world of Chekhov’s child is often tragic, hopeless and lonely. The writer’s work on the language and style of the work is very interesting. For the stylization of children’s speech, Finnish writer Pakkala changes the syntactic structure of a sentence, showing the immediacy and liveliness of children’s speech, comes up with funny words with which children, for example, endow their “winners”. The heroes of Chekhov’s stories are closed in themselves. Their inner monologue speech turns into itself and is a little like a nursery.

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