scholarly journals Fifteen years of human leptospirosis in São Paulo, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta M. Blanco ◽  
Eliete C. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
Seasonal Analysis

Objective: Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira spp. The aim of this study was to report theincidence of leptospirosis from 1998 to 2012 in the state of São Paulo, Brazil to show the importance of human leptospirosis andto describe some epidemiological characteristics.Methods: From January 1998 to December 2012, sera from patients with suspected leptospirosis were analyzed. The microscopicagglutination test (MAT) was used for serological investigations and MLST, serotyping and PFGE methods for the identificationof leptospires. The descriptive seasonal analysis was performed with Excel Microsoft version 2007. Pearson’s correlation wasused to assess the association between rainfall and the number of cases.Results: Among 22,795 serum samples, 2,430 cases of leptospirosis were laboratory confirmed, giving an average incidence rateof 1.35/100,000 inhabitants. Of these patients, 2,032 (83.62%) were male with a predominance in the age groups of 21-50 years.The highest incidence and rainfall were from December to April. There was correlation between the rainfall and the number ofcases. Icterohaemorrhagiae was the predominant serogroup.Conclusions: This study shows that leptospirosis is a seasonal disease in São Paulo with most cases occurring during the rainyseason, and thus, will continue to be a disease of public health importance. 

scholarly journals Human leptospirosis: a twenty-nine-year serological study in São Paulo, Brazil

2003 ◽  
Vol 45 (5) ◽  
pp. 245-248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliete Caló Romero ◽  
Carla Cristiane da Motta Bernardo ◽  
Paulo H. Yasuda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
The State ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serological Study ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Middle Aged Adults ◽  
Potential Public Health

A retrospective study of 9,335 cases of human leptospirosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, diagnosed between 1969 and 1997 showed that the disease is endemic throughout the state. Middle-aged adults, with a range of 20-39 years, were most frequently infected (32.40%). The mean annual incidence was 0.53 per 100,000 population and the disease was more frequent in males (87.0%). Cases occurred mainly in January to April each year. A peak was observed in 1991 and 1996 which rainfall average was 159.9 and 160.3, respectively. These data emphasize the potential public health importance of leptospirosis in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.

scholarly journals Regional variation in toxoplasmosis seronegativity in the São Paulo metropolitan region

1993 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 479-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.C.S. Guimarães ◽  
M. Kawarabayashi ◽  
M.M. Borges ◽  
J.E. Tolezano ◽  
H.F. Andrade Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Public Health Services

Toxoplasmosis is a highly prevalent zoonotic human infection caused by the Apicomplexa protozoon Toxoplasma gondii. The acute disease is usually mild or asymptomatic, except for foetal infection transmitted by acutely infected pregnant women, which courses as a devastating disease. In order to determine possible regional variations in risk factors, we studied the frequency of seronegativity in areas of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region, comparing liters and age groups. The prevalence of seronegativity was determined retrospectively in 1286 pregnant women receiving prenatal care at public health services in four selected areas of the São Paulo Metropolitan Region of similar socioeconomic background. The São Paulo City area had the higher frequency of seronegativity (41.1%), followed by the Northwest (31.5%) and Southwest (29.9%) areas, with similar intermediate levels, and by the Northeast (22.5%) area with the lowest frequency (p<0.001). A rough estimate disclosed about 280 infected infants/year in the São Paulo Metropolitan Region. Serological titers analyzed by age group suggested a decline in antibody levels with age, as shown by a lower frequency of higher titers in older groups. Our study emphasizes the importance of determining the regional prevalence of toxoplasmosis for proper planning of public health prenatal care.

scholarly journals Human leptospirosis in the municipality of São Paulo, SP, Brazil: distribution and trend according to sociodemographic factors, 2007–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Aparecida Diz ◽  
Gleice Margarete de Souza Conceição
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Downward Trend ◽  
Age Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Human Leptospirosis ◽  
Region Of Residence ◽  
Serious Disease

ABSTRACT: Objectives: This study aimed to describe the incidence and proportional lethality of human leptospirosis in the municipality of São Paulo, between 2007 and 2016, according to sociodemographic factors and characteristics of the disease, and to assess the temporal trends of incidence, according to age group and region of residence. Methods: Proportional distributions of leptospirosis cases of residents in the municipality were built and regression models with a Binomial Negative response were adjusted. Results: 2,201 cases of leptospirosis were registered, most of them being males (82%), aged between 20 to 59 years (64.6%), white (39%) or brown (32.8%), residing in the South (27.8%), East (23.8%) and North (18.5%) regions. The overall lethality was 15.1%. The risk was higher in the 20 to 59 age group. There was a downward trend in incidence in all age groups and regions, estimated at 5.6% per year. Conclusions: Despite the downward trend in incidence, leptospirosis is a serious disease with high lethality, affecting mainly male individuals in the age groups considered economically active and living in the peripheral regions of the municipality

scholarly journals Leptospirosis in free-living capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) from a university campus in the city of Araras in São Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 159
Author(s):  
Daniela Dib Gonçalves ◽  
Karoline Franciane Cardoso Lopes ◽  
Roberta Torres Chiderolli ◽  
Bruno Rodrigues Sampieri ◽  
Vlamir José Rocha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nested Pcr ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Leptospira Spp ◽  
The City ◽  
Hydrochaeris Hydrochaeris

The capybara (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris L. 1766) is the largest existing rodent in the world. This animal species, being synanthropic, may serve as a transmitter of different diseases and parasitic infections in animals and humans as well. Leptospirosis is a cosmopolitan infectious disease with a high prevalence in tropical and subtropical regions that can affect humans and other domestic and wild animals. Due to the absence of regional data and the importance of this animal species in transmitting diseases to animals and humans, the aim of this study was to analyze DNA and anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in free-living capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) from a university campus in the city of Araras in São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 31 capybaras (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) were captured for collecting their blood samples. The collected sera were analyzed using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT). For the detection of Leptospira spp. DNA, the serum samples were used to extract genomic DNA for the nested-PCR analysis. Out of the 31 serum samples, 29 (93.55%) were reactive for MAT, with titers ranging from 25 to 400. The antibody could be identified against the most probable serovar in 26 (89.65%) samples, namely: Grippotyphosa (69.23%), Autumnalis (26.92%), and Bratislava (3.85%). Presence of Leptospira via nested-PCR was found only in 3.22% of serum samples. This study revealed the presence of DNA and anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies in free-living capybara. Characterization of these animals as possible carriers and disseminators of the etiological agent in the environment is necessary for identification of infection in other animals and campus visitors.

Environmental and public health effects of vehicle emissions in a large metropolis: Case study of a truck driver strike in Sao Paulo, Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 24-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana Ferreira Leite Leirião ◽  
Daniela Debone ◽  
Theotonio Pauliquevis ◽  
Nilton Manuel Évora do Rosário ◽  
Simone Georges El Khouri Miraglia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Vehicle Emissions ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Truck Driver ◽  
São Paulo

scholarly journals Evolution of bacterial meningitis diagnosis in Sao Paulo State-Brazil and future challenges

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (9B) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maristela Marques Salgado ◽  
Maria Gisele Goncalves ◽  
Lucila Okuyama Fukasawa ◽  
Fabio Takenori Higa ◽  
Juliana Thalita Paulino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Immunological Methods ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae Type ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Paulo State ◽  
São Paulo State

Bacterial meningitis (BM) is a severe disease and still represents a serious public health problem with high rates of morbidity and mortality. The most common cases of BM around the world, mainly in Brazil, have been caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae type b. Bacterial culture is the gold-standard technique for BM confirmation, but approximately 50% of suspected cases are not culture-confirmed, due to problems related to improper transportation and seeding or previous antibiotic treatment. Immunological methods present low sensitivity and have possibility of cross-reactions. Real time PCR (qPCR) is a molecular technique and has been successful used for BM diagnosis at Instituto Adolfo Lutz in São Paulo State, Brazil, since 2007. The incorporation of qPCR in the Public Health surveillance routine in our state resulted in diminishing 50% of undetermined BM cases. Our efforts are focused on qPCR implementation in the BM diagnostic routine throughout Brazil.

scholarly journals Behavior of gastric cancer in Brazilian population

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Eduardo Jacob ◽  
Claudio Bresciani ◽  
Joaquim José Gama-Rodrigues ◽  
Osmar Kenji Yagi ◽  
Donato Mucerino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Gastric Resection ◽  
Gastric Wall ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Gender Ratio ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference

BACKGROUND: Gastric cancer (GC) is a predominately male disease. Usually for every female that suffers from this condition there are two males and occurred an increase in the number of females in last decades. Brazil is poor in data about this issue. AIM: To verify if in Brazil it happened: a) a change in the gender ratio and on the average age of the patients; b) an increase in the number of patients with 70 years of age or more suffering from this disease; c) changes in the gender ratio and in the average age in the several gastric locations during the period of study. METHODS: The medical history of patients diagnosed with primary gastric adenocarcinoma, between 1971 and 1998 were obtained at Hospital das Clínicas of the University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil. Exclusion criteria were: patients suffering from a non epithelial gastric malignancy; adenocarcinoma from the intestinal metaplasia in the distal esophagus invading the proximal stomach and patients submitted to a gastric resection, due to a benign or malignant tumor during the last five years prior to the surgical procedure analyzed in this study. The patients were divided into 10 years age groups and also divided in three groups, according to their ages and time intervals. Interrelationships between gender and age, and with tumor´s location on gastric wall were analyzed. RESULTS: From 1971 to 1998, 1578 patients with GC were hospitalized. Among them, 1021 were treated with gastric resection, corresponding to 64.7% of all patients. There was an increase in the proportion of patients older than 70 years, and decrease between 41 and 70 years. There was no statistical significant difference among the average ages and the different locations. There were significant differences for the locations favoring proximal third and stump, both more prevalent in males. CONCLUSIONS: a) Occurred modifications in the ratio between genders: greater number of women and an increase in the number of male patients in the age group between 41 and 70 years; b) it was proved the greater number of occurrences in patients over 70 years of age; c) there was a greater increase in the male predominance in the tumors located in the stomach´s proximal third.

scholarly journals Epidemiological aspects of the Brazilian spotted fever: serological survey of dogs and horses in an endemic area in the State of São Paulo, Brazil

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 427-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elba R.S. de Lemos ◽  
Raimundo D. Machado ◽  
José R. Coura ◽  
Maria A.A.M. Guimarães ◽  
Nelson Chagas
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Area ◽  
Spotted Fever ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Spotted Fever Group ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Brazilian Spotted Fever

In order to obtain information on Brazilian spotted fever, a study in domestic animals was performed in the County of Pedreira, State of São Paulo, Brazil, where 17 human cases had been notified. Serum samples obtained from animals were tested by indirect immunofluorescence for detectable antibodies to spotted fever-group rickettsiae. Seropositivity was revealed in 12 (36.4%) of 33 dogs and seven (77.8%) of nine horses from the endemic area. For comparison, blood samples from dogs and horses from non endemic area were tested and four (12.9%) of 31 dogs and three (27.3%) of 11 horses were positive. The highest titers of antibodies by IFA (IgG > 1:1024) were found only in three dogs and six horses from endemic area. The results suggest that dogs as horses may serve as environmental sentinels for estabilishing the prevalence of foci of spotted fever in Brazil.

scholarly journals SEROPREVALENCE OF CHAGASIC INFECTION IN YOUNG INDIVIDUALS IN A BLOOD CENTER IN THE STATE OF SAO PAULO, BRAZIL

2013 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Cristina Navarro ◽  
Renata Leme Goto ◽  
Isabella Silva Ricoboni ◽  
Jose Eduardo Corrente ◽  
Rita Maria Saccomano Henriques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Chagas Disease ◽  
Blood Donors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Blood Center ◽  
Negative Results ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The City

SUMMARY This study aimed at estimating the number of cases of non-negative serological reactions to Chagas disease in blood donors at the Blood Center of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, from 2003 to 2010 and at relating them to their cities of origin. Five hundred and seventy-four non-negative results for Chagas disease were evaluated. Of these, 371 (64.8%) were reagent, and 203 (35.4%) were inconclusive. The prevalence of Chagas disease in blood donors was 0.05%. There were, on average, 72 cases/year, and a prevalence of males was observed (64.8%). Forty-three (7.49%) individuals were 18 to 30 years old; 92 (16.02%) were 31 to 40; 147 (25.61%) 41 to 50, and 292 (50.87%) were older than 50 years. It was observed that 29.3% of females with reagent serology were at their fertile age (18 and 45 years). The majority of donors were originally from cities in the southwestern and central regions of São Paulo, but individuals from other states contributed with 20%. The provenance of most donors was the city of Botucatu/SP, followed by the city of Taquarituba/SP. Therefore, the profile of donors at this blood center favors the occurrence of a larger number of non-negative serological reactions. Although there has been a significant reduction in the number of new cases/year for this disease, it is still a public-health problem, and results suggest the need for new epidemiological assessments in the studied region.

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