scholarly journals Health policies in transition economics

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Sushma Rudraswamy ◽  
Nagabhushana Doggalli
Keyword(s):  
Political Stability ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Transition Economics ◽  
Adoption And Implementation ◽  
The Government

Historical evidence indicates that economic transformation, even with access and growth, can translate into social insecurities and health problems. The issue here is not whether transition economics should continue their reform process or not, since this has been historically proven necessary for the development of a country. Rather, it is about what the government can do to alleviate health problems through the adoption and implementation of sound policies. Since the health of a nation is strongly dependent on social, economic, and political stability sound health policies have to go hand in hand with adequate economic policies and a set of measures to ensure a social safety net to protect the relatively deprived. Better health for the population should be the ultimate goal of health policies. Reforming health services and finance is just a means towards that end.

scholarly journals Towards Pragmatic Economic Policies: Economic Transformation and Industrialization for Revival of Zimbabwe in the New Dispensation Era

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
Charles Mazhazhate ◽  
Tapiwa C Mujakachi ◽  
Shakerod Munuhwa
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Land Reform ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Consumer Prices ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
The Government ◽  
Economic Institute

Whilst literature has many monetary and economic policies that were enacted before and after the dawn of the New Dispensation in Zimbabwe the country still faces a downward trend in terms of economic recovery. This study reviews the various policies put in place by the government and their impact on socio-economic development of Zimbabwe. A review of Zimbabwe’s economic history shows that the country dropped from being one of the best economies in Sub-Saharan Africa and now ailing and characterised by hyperinflation, agricultural challenges, corruption, very high tax regime, huge domestic and foreign debts, increase in consumer prices and being a chief net importer of most goods or services. The study was underpinned by a case study survey from Singapore’s revival with both qualitative and quantitative instruments used. The study found out that even though the land reform had an impact on economic performance, corruption, party-power politics and absence of an economic institute eroded any necessary contribution to economic transformation and industrialization in Zimbabwe. The study also revealed that the bilateral and multi-lateral agreements that were enacted in the dawn of the new dispensation have not yielded the desired economic revival transformations. The study recommended establishment of an economic institute to direct policy as well as removal of unethical practices in both public and private sectors so as to ensure financial and economic discipline.

Bolivia's business elites have shifted to Morales

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Business Groups ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Collaborative Working ◽  
The Government

Subject Government-business relations. Significance President Evo Morales’s government has established a collaborative working relationship with the country’s most powerful business elites that belies its leftist rhetoric. This is based on an understanding that while government offers large corporate interests favourable economic conditions, business groups will refrain from conspiring against the government in the political sphere. Thus, the government has managed to minimise the sort of pro-regional tensions that characterised its first term in office (2006-10), driving a wedge between economic and political elites. Impacts The economic policies pursued by the Morales administration will continue to prove, broadly, good for business. Smaller-scale businesses have been less beneficially treated, but lack political lobbying power. Avoidance of strife with the more powerful business groups will continue to help underpin political stability.

scholarly journals The Role of Government in Economic Development: A Comparative Study between Bangladesh and South Korea

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeda Naushin Parnini
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Debate ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Asian Tigers ◽  
The Government

In East Asia the government of each country has played a decisive role in state development by engineering economic miracle. South Korea has dramatically been transforming its economy and managing development of the most important public and private enterprises since 1960s. South Korean government provided a favourable institutional framework by prioritizing industrial growth, within which the private sector could flourish. All these unique features are obviously the basis of Asian version of capitalism. The unique Asian variety of capitalism is mostly linked with the industrial policy debate where the government plays an active and paternal role in guiding the economy and society. This paper tries to explore the development strategies and economic policies adopted by the government of South Korea to ignite change in favour of radical economic transformation and its efficacious performance to create a sense of urgency to bring about a hospitable environment for growth and competitive advantage. Against this backdrop this paper also figures out the lessons to be learned by Bangladeshi Government from Korean experience to emulate and also to address the country’s economic potentials in order to catch up the economy of the Asian Tigers.

Business and State in Odisha’s Extractive Economy

2019 ◽  
pp. 260-281
Author(s):  
Sunila S. Kale
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Personal Connections ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
State Relations ◽  
Growth Economic ◽  
Business Relations

Among India’s states, Odisha stands as a paradox. Unlike other states with episodes of marked hostility to business, Odisha has had an almost unbroken succession of probusiness governments from independence onward. However, unlike developmental probusiness states that nurtured industry to produce jobs and higher rates of economic growth, economic policies in Odisha have failed to produce either sustained economic growth or a substantial economic transformation. Business-state relations in Odisha instead display “neopatrimonial tendencies”; the government extends support to entrepreneurs with no attendant discipline, and in order to succeed, economic actors access personal connections rather than proceed via institutionalized channels. This chapter surveys Odisha’s neopatrimonial state-business relations over three time periods in Odisha: from independence through the 1960s, 1970s–1980s, and the period from the early 1990s onward.

Coalition stability will eclipse reform in Bulgaria

2015 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Prime Minister ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Coalition Stability ◽  
European Development ◽  
The Government

Subject Coalition stability. Significance One month after October's inconclusive parliamentary elections, the largest party in the new parliament, centre-right Citizens for Bulgaria's European Development (GERB), formed a disparate coalition of four political formations that ranged from centre-left (Alternative for Bulgarian Renaissance -- ABV) to far-right (Patriotic Front -- PF). Four months later, Prime Minister Boyko Borisov's greatest achievement is that his unlikely government is surviving and the country's political stability is not seriously threatened either on the streets or in parliament. The downside is that much of the government's energy is spent on ensuring its survival, with little time or effort left for expected reforms. Impacts The reform process may be sacrificed to the needs of stability and electoral gain. The government faces no visible opposition, with BSP largely impotent, and DPS tacitly working with Borisov. Further instability in Ukraine could have an impact on Bulgaria's security and supplies of gas.

scholarly journals The Transition of Kyrgyzstan to a Social Market Economy: The Features, Quality and Ways to Success

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Turar Koychuev ◽  
Merim Koichueva
Keyword(s):  
Market Economy ◽  
Economic Reform ◽  
Theoretical Estimate ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
Social Market Economy ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Socialist Economy ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
The Government ◽  
Social Market

The purpose of the study is to analyze the economic reform process of socialist economy and give them theoretical estimate over the past 20 years; to reflect the political, economic and social readiness of society to reforms; to point on the process of substitution of economic reform by political power struggle. The reforms had to initiated by economic sphere was held by government that consisted from the same political entity that was in Soviet period. The research methodology based on the principle of complexity and systemic, that reflects effects of historical, economic, social, cultural and educational factors of social development, the mentality of society, the scientific and theoretical level of labor on the processes of economic reform. The lack of experience in market economy pointed on largely insufficient knowledge of processes of market economy that developed economies had passed. The results of the study is identifying the opportunities for proper theoretical approach to the reform process, giving recommendations to society and the government to select real, positive economic policies that will contribute to the development and extending of modern economic outlook in the social environment.

scholarly journals Breaking the Wall of Poverty: Microfinance as Social and Economic Safety Net for Financially Excluded People in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 26-53
Author(s):  
Karun Kishor Karki ◽  
Nirajan Dhungana ◽  
Bhesh Bahadur Budhathoki
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
The Government

Microfinance is a financial service aimed at economically underprivileged people who have no or limited access to formal financial institutions such as banks due to the lack of financial resources, collateral, or low income. Microfinance institutions provide a collateral-free loan to low-income individuals with the principle of financial inclusion, which allows them to invest in various self-employment activities. In this article, we critically review the development of microfinance and its issues and challenges in Nepal. More specifically, using the concept of the Grameen Bank model and its relevance in the context of Nepali microfinance institutions, we explore how microfinance can be an effective tool of financial intervention to alleviate rural poverty in Nepal. Methodologically, we utilize secondary data sources such as government and non-government reports and existing empirical studies. We offer recommendations for policymakers to establish appropriate modalities, programs, and microfinance services targeting the socio-economic transformation of rural communities in Nepal. We conclude that the government and financial institutions can stimulate microfinance institutions through multidimensional interventions and facilitation to advance the socio-economic status of financially underprivileged people in rural communities in Nepal.

The Social Benefit System in Urban China: Reforms and Trends from 1988 to 2002

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qin Gao
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Urban China ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government

This article systematically reviews the macrolevel social policy changes in urban China during recent years. It also provides empirical evidence on how such policy changes reflect on microlevel family benefit levels from 1988 to 2002 using the national China Household Income Project data. The social policy reform process gradually shifted away from welfare provision through work units to greater emphasis on individual taxes and contributions. The government has also taken a more active role in providing a safety net for the urban poor. Empirical results show that even though the real value of social benefits increased over time, its increasing pace was laggard by that of market earnings, yielding a smaller share in final household income since the reforms. Pensions, public assistance, health, and education benefits increased during the period, while housing, food assistance, and supplementary income decreased.

More Than Macro Stability

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-118
Author(s):  
Oscar Calvo-Gonzalez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Economic Reforms ◽  
Economic Situation ◽  
Reform Process ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Improved Performance ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Policymaking

For economic growth to accelerate, as it did in Spain in the decade after 1950, requires more than just increased political stability. This chapter documents the drastic turnaround in economic policymaking that took place, from an autarkic and statist orientation to a more open and market-friendly one. It also provides a counterfactual exercise to help us gauge the impact of economic reforms. The analysis makes clear two important conclusions. First and foremost, the growth dividend from improving economic policies in Spain was large. The most impactful reforms were those that implied removing excesses that were causing large distortions, such as the misalignment in the exchange rate. The second conclusion is that this improved performance was the result of a decade-long reform process. The results from the counterfactual exercise suggest that the early reforms undertaken before 1959 played almost as much of a role as the 1959 Plan did in stoking growth. This finding is in contrast with most of the literature which, with few exceptions, has focused perhaps too much on the importance of the 1959 Stabilization Plan. This finding also raises important questions why reforms were undertaken and puts in doubt the existing mainstream view that a desperate economic situation had prompted the adoption of the 1959 Stabilization Plan.

scholarly journals Mutually Reinfocing Cycles of Public Service Deliverty and Poverty Reduction Program: Lesson from the Implementation of Social Safety Net Program in Indonesia

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Djonet Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Public Service Delivery ◽  
The Government ◽  
Healthier Living ◽  
Virtuous Cycle

What people do with their lives and those of their family affects their health more than anything the government can do. But what they can do is determined, to a great extent, by their income and knowledge – factors that are not completely within their control. Policies that accelerate income growth and reduce poverty make it possible for people to afford better diets, healthier living conditions, and better health care. Policies to improve people’s income, assists their welfare, expands educational opportunities, and policies that work to ensure effective and accessible health services for all aim to reduce poverty. At the same time, to make the commitment work, there must also be many policies in place to improve the capacity of the administrator and the quality of public service delivery. When these policies are combined, they create a virtuous cycle in which reduction of poverty and public service delivery reinforces each other. Because people’s ability to improve their own health depends so much on income and education, the policy conclusions are clear: government should work to boost economic growth, reduce poverty, and develop human resources through expanded job opportunities, increased public health spending and education. The question is: have these economic policies taken into account the strategy to deliver the service for the poor? To protect the most vulnerable members of society, it is appropriate for governments to ensure that transfers and other special arrangements are effective.

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