scholarly journals Guide to cost benefit analysis of community-based interventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Xiaonan Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This paper offers a general guide on how to conduct a proper economic analysis for community-based intervention projects. Identification and quantification of costs and benefits are the focus of the cost benefit analysis. We categorize costs and benefits from human and physical perspectives and pay special attention to the measures of saving human lives accompanied by the proposed calculation methods. We recommend net present value and benefit-cost ratio as the criteria to assess projects and highlight some challenges remaining in the analysis.

scholarly journals Economic Analysis of the Use of VCS2000 for Pork Carcass Meat Yield Grading in Korea

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1297
Author(s):  
Juntae Kim ◽  
Hyo-Dong Han ◽  
Wang Yeol Lee ◽  
Collins Wakholi ◽  
Jayoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Labor Costs ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
The Cost

Currently, the pork industry is incorporating in-line automation with the aim of increasing the slaughtered pork carcass throughput while monitoring quality and safety. In Korea, 21 parameters (such as back-fat thickness and carcass weight) are used for quality grading of pork carcasses. Recently, the VCS2000 system—an automatic meat yield grading machine system—was introduced to enhance grading efficiency and therefore increase pork carcass production. The VCS2000 system is able to predict pork carcass yield based on image analysis. This study also conducted an economic analysis of the system using a cost—benefit analysis. The subsection items of the cost-benefit analysis considered were net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and benefit/cost ratio (BC ratio), and each method was verified through sensitivity analysis. For our analysis, the benefits were grouped into three categories: the benefits of reducing labor costs, the benefits of improving meat yield production, and the benefits of reducing pig feed consumption through optimization. The cost-benefit analysis of the system resulted in an NPV of approximately 615.6 million Korean won, an IRR of 13.52%, and a B/C ratio of 1.65.

Environmental costs and their impact on the net present value of a hydro-electric project in Kerala, India

2003 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Santhakumar ◽  
Achin Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Environmental Costs ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Pulp Industry ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Cost

This paper presents the operational procedures involved in incorporating the environmental costs in the cost–benefit analysis of a hydro-electric project. The proposed project, if implemented, would result in the loss of 2,800 hectares of tropical forests and dislocation of two settlements of about 200 families who are currently dependent on the forests for their livelihood. The forests are mainly used for extracting reed – a material used both by traditional artisans and the paper-pulp industry. The potential environmental costs and benefits of the project are identified and approximate estimates of some of these costs are made for items such as carbon sequestration, bio-diversity, and so on, based on similar estimates made elsewhere. These estimated environmental costs are incorporated into the analysis, and the hypothetical estimate of the non-use value, which would make the project's net benefit zero, is estimated under different discount rates. The analysis brings into sharp focus some crucial factors that have a direct bearing on the social trade-off involved in the project choice.

scholarly journals THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF BODABODA TRANSPORT BUSINESS AMONG YOUTHS IN ARUSHA- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Kepha Luvinga ◽  
Simon Kilasara
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACT This study reports upon the findings on the cost and profitability of bodaboda transport business among youths in Arusha. As used in this study, the term bodaboda applies for a two wheeled motorized taxi which provides ‘for hire’ type transport services to passengers and goods. The bodaboda have became an employment opportunity to many unskilled urban labour and further job opportunity to informal sector workers who wish to switch jobs in search of higher rewards. The questionnaires were used to collect data to 90 respondents from two districts of Arusha region namely Arusha and Meru district. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and cost benefit analysis. The finding from the study indicates that the bodaboda transport business is profitable with the benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.8 and the net present value (NPV) of 8,494,920Tsh for five years project duration. By having the benefit cost ratio and the net present value greater than 1, the bodaboda business is profitable and worth being undertaken. Based on the findings from the study it is recommended that the government authorities and all key stakeholders should regulate, and support the implementation of bodaboda bussiness through formalization of bodaboda associations, assurance of financial supports and capacity building to youths who engage or willing to engage in the business.

Cost-Benefit Analysis for Ship Automation Retrofit: The Case of Icebreaker Frej

2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (02) ◽  
pp. 113-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. V. Lyridis ◽  
H. N. Psaraftis ◽  
N. Ventikos ◽  
P. Zacharioudakis ◽  
K. Dilzas
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Cost

A detailed cost-benefit analysis of a retrofit of the Advanced Technology to Optimise Maritime Operational Safety (ATOMOS) platform on board icebreaker Frej is presented. After accurately determining the relationship between the costs and benefits, an analysis is implemented in order to assess the most basic advantages and disadvantages of the suggested retrofitting action in monetary terms. A two-step approach is adopted. The first step is to define the major categories of the ship operational aggregate costs and benefits (for example, the actual cost of the ATOMOS platform and of equipment not part of the ATOMOS platform but still necessary for its installation and operation, or the expected crew decrease because of the higher degree of automation). The second step is to examine the various basic components of these categories (for example, administration and training cost, required automatic radar plotting aid [ARPA] and electronic chart display and information system [ECDIS] equipment acquisition cost, fuel benefits, and insurance benefits). The cost-benefit analysis performed is followed by a sensitivity analysis of the most important factors affecting the net present value of the investment. It is shown that it takes about 5 years for the ATOMOS retrofit to be fully paid back by the annual savings it offers and it takes about 6.5 years for the net present value of the investment to turn positive. This coupled by the increased vessel safety justifies the decision to retrofit Frej with the ATOMOS platform. Furthermore, it is found that the cost of the ATOMOS platform, the benefits from crew decrease, and the interest rate are those factors that essentially determine the profitability of the investment. In the case of Frej, it is concluded that the retrofit is worth undertaking for the majority of future scenarios.

Hostile Takeovers and Anti-takeover Defenses in the Russian Corporate Market

2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Hostile Takeovers ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Takeover Defenses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
European Markets

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of pharmacist interventions over 36 months in a university hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Maurilio de Souza Cazarim ◽  
João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues ◽  
Priscila Santos Calcini ◽  
Thomas Einarson ◽  
Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-benefits analysis of a clinical pharmacy (CP) service implemented in a Neurology ward of a tertiary teaching hospital. METHODS: This is a cost-benefit analysis of a single arm, prospective cohort study performed at the adult Neurology Unit over 36 months, which has evaluated the results of a CP service from a hospital and Public Health System (PHS) perspective. The interventions were classified into 14 categories and the costs identified as direct medical costs. The results were analyzed by the total and marginal cost, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and the net benefit (NB). RESULTS: The total 334 patients were followed-up and the highest occurrence in 506 interventions was drug introduction (29.0%). The marginal cost for the hospital and avoided cost for PHS was US$182±32 and US$25,536±4,923 per year; and US$0.55 and US$76.4 per patient/year. The BCR and NB were 0.0, -US$26,105 (95%CI -31,850 – -10,610), -US$27,112 (95%CI -33,160–11,720) for the hospital and; 3.0 (95%CI 1.97–4.94), US$51,048 (95%CI 27,645–75,716) and, 4.6 (95%CI 2.24–10.05), US$91,496 (95%CI 34,700–168,050; p < 0.001) for the PHS, both considering adhered and total interventions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CP service was not directly cost-benefit at the hospital perspective, but it presented savings for forecast cost related to the occurrence of preventable morbidities, measuring a good cost-benefit for the PHS.

scholarly journals THE COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE ROMANIAN NATIONAL GAMBLING OFFICE

2020 ◽  
Vol 13(62) (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Ștefan Bulboacă ◽  
Ovidiu Mircea Țierean
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Societal Costs ◽  
Gambling Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Way

"This paper aims to evaluate the economic effects that the Romanian National Gambling Office has over the gambling industry and to determine whether this public institution brings enough benefits to cover the costs. The aim of the research was to gather information about the Romanian gambling industry, the way that this industry is managed and to make a comparison between its societal costs and benefits. "

scholarly journals Potential Costs and Benefits of Statewide Smoking Cessation in Pennsylvania

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-32
Author(s):  
Jill S. Rumberger ◽  
Christopher S. Hollenbeak
Keyword(s):  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Retail Price ◽  
Smoking Cessation Program ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Productivity Losses ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Treatment Alternatives

AbstractObjectives:To determine whether the cost of a statewide smoking cessation program in Pennsylvania could be justified by the benefits.Methods:A cost-benefit analysis of statewide access to smoking cessation programs. We compared three treatment alternatives, both with and without counselling: nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion and varenicline.Results:While the retail price of a pack of cigarettes in Pennsylvania is on average US$4.72, the combined medical costs and productivity losses in Pennsylvania attributable to each pack of cigarettes sold are approximately US$23.78 per pack of cigarettes. The ratio of benefits to cost varied from US$0.97 to US$2.76 saved per dollar spent on smoking cessation programs, depending upon the type of intervention.Conclusions:For most smoking cessation treatments, the benefits of a statewide smoking cessation program in Pennsylvania would greatly outweigh its costs.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of psychological therapy

2007 ◽  
Vol 202 ◽  
pp. 90-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Layard ◽  
D. Clark ◽  
M. Knapp ◽  
G. Mayraz
Keyword(s):  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Psychological Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Economic Costs ◽  
Nice Guidelines ◽  
The Cost

At present six million people are suffering from clinical depression or anxiety disorders, but only a quarter of them are in treatment. NICE Guidelines prescribe the offer of evidence-based psychological therapy, but they are not implemented, due to lack of therapists within the NHS. We therefore estimate the economic costs and benefits of providing psychological therapy to people not now in treatment. The cost to the governement would be fully covered by the savings in incapacity benefits and extra taxes that result from more people being able to work. On our estimates, the cost could be recovered within two years - and certainly within five. And the benefits to the whole economy are greater still. This is not because we expect the extra therapy to be targeted especially at people with problems about work. It is because the cost of the therapy is so small (£750 in total), the recovery rates are so high (50 per cent) and the cost of a person on IB is so large (£750 per month). These findings strongly reinforce the humanitatian case for implementing the NICE Guidelines. Current proposals for doing this would require some 8,000 extra psychological therapists withing the NHS over the six years.

Preliminary Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Safety Assist Technologies in ASEAN NCAP – Rationalizing the Impact to Road Safety for Malaysia’s Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi ◽  
Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim ◽  
Norlen Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rating Scheme

The newly established New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) has incorporated Safety Assist Technologies (SATs) in its automobile safety rating scheme. In order for any assessed car to be eligible for the maximum 5-star rating, it should first be equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and fitted with seatbelt reminder (SBR). However, since these SATs are not being evaluated in their performance by the means of field testing, this paper explains the benefit of having these SATs through Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) which help to rationalize the importance of SATs in preventing road accidents or mitigating severity of injuries. Due to data limitation, this preliminary CBA assessment will only be focusing on Malaysia’s situation and is based on published sources and the authors’ best estimates. This study also includes the Cost-Benefit Analysis on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), which is the basis for ESC technology, in preparation for its inclusion in the future rating scheme to expedite the vision of making ABS as standard fit in all ASEAN’s passenger cars. The preliminary result shows that all technologies – ESC, SBR and ABS – appear to be cost-effective (benefit/cost-ratio > 3) or most likely cost effective (1 < benefit/cost-ratio < 3) in Malaysia’s road safety situation per se.

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