Preliminary Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Safety Assist Technologies in ASEAN NCAP – Rationalizing the Impact to Road Safety for Malaysia’s Case

2014 ◽  
Vol 663 ◽  
pp. 596-603
Author(s):  
Zulhaidi Mohd Jawi ◽  
Aqbal Hafeez Ariffin ◽  
Yahaya Ahmad ◽  
Khairil Anwar Abu Kassim ◽  
Norlen Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Road Safety ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rating Scheme

The newly established New Car Assessment Program for Southeast Asian Countries (ASEAN NCAP) has incorporated Safety Assist Technologies (SATs) in its automobile safety rating scheme. In order for any assessed car to be eligible for the maximum 5-star rating, it should first be equipped with Electronic Stability Control (ESC) and fitted with seatbelt reminder (SBR). However, since these SATs are not being evaluated in their performance by the means of field testing, this paper explains the benefit of having these SATs through Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) which help to rationalize the importance of SATs in preventing road accidents or mitigating severity of injuries. Due to data limitation, this preliminary CBA assessment will only be focusing on Malaysia’s situation and is based on published sources and the authors’ best estimates. This study also includes the Cost-Benefit Analysis on Anti-lock Braking System (ABS), which is the basis for ESC technology, in preparation for its inclusion in the future rating scheme to expedite the vision of making ABS as standard fit in all ASEAN’s passenger cars. The preliminary result shows that all technologies – ESC, SBR and ABS – appear to be cost-effective (benefit/cost-ratio > 3) or most likely cost effective (1 < benefit/cost-ratio < 3) in Malaysia’s road safety situation per se.

scholarly journals THE FINANCIAL IMPLICATIONS OF BODABODA TRANSPORT BUSINESS AMONG YOUTHS IN ARUSHA- COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Kepha Luvinga ◽  
Simon Kilasara
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Present Value ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Arusha Region ◽  
Benefit Cost

ABSTRACT This study reports upon the findings on the cost and profitability of bodaboda transport business among youths in Arusha. As used in this study, the term bodaboda applies for a two wheeled motorized taxi which provides ‘for hire’ type transport services to passengers and goods. The bodaboda have became an employment opportunity to many unskilled urban labour and further job opportunity to informal sector workers who wish to switch jobs in search of higher rewards. The questionnaires were used to collect data to 90 respondents from two districts of Arusha region namely Arusha and Meru district. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and cost benefit analysis. The finding from the study indicates that the bodaboda transport business is profitable with the benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.8 and the net present value (NPV) of 8,494,920Tsh for five years project duration. By having the benefit cost ratio and the net present value greater than 1, the bodaboda business is profitable and worth being undertaken. Based on the findings from the study it is recommended that the government authorities and all key stakeholders should regulate, and support the implementation of bodaboda bussiness through formalization of bodaboda associations, assurance of financial supports and capacity building to youths who engage or willing to engage in the business.

scholarly journals ANALISIS MIGRASI TENAGA KERJA INDONESIA DI TAIWAN MENGGUNAKAN COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Malang)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Muhammad Tody Arsyianto ◽  
Mohammad Rizal
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Cost

Pada dasarnya Tenaga Kerja Indonesia (TKI) yang bekerja di luar negeri dilatarbelakangi oleh tekanan ekonomi, maka pemikiran para TKI berpusat pada remitansi yang besar, dengan stigma tersebut ada rasionalitas calon TKI memilih negara tujuan tempat bekerja yang memiliki standar upah tinggi, dengan biaya keberangkatan yang serendah mungkin. Bagi Pemerintah, TKI yang bekerja di luar negeri memberikan sumbangan devisa negara yang tidak kecil. Taiwan menjadi salah satu tujuan utama untuk bekerja dikarenakan pada Negara Taiwan ini  mempunyai standar gaji yang lebih tinggi dibanding Hongkong dan Singapura. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Ditemukan bahwa untuk pra penempatan beberapa PJTKI ada yang memberikan dana tambahan untuk calon TKI namun ada yang meminta untuk membayar biaya pemberangkatan dan potong gaji, ketika berada di Taiwan kontrak kerja mudah diperpanjang dan standar upah tinggi tetapi sikap majikan tempramen dan kendala bahasa sedangkan setelah kembali ke Indonesia purna TKI mendapatkan modal yang tinggi dikarenakan standar upah yang tinggi namun hal itu menyebabkan purna TKI lebih konsumtif (2) Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Cost Benefit Analysis dari 15 mantan TKI secara keseluruhan memenuhi syarat untuk diprioritaskan, karena dalam metode Net Present Benefit (NPB) maupun dengan Metode Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) semuanya menunjukan bahwa hasil perhitungan yang layak untuk dijalankan.

scholarly journals Cost Benefit Analysis for Electrical Loading System for Transformers of a Barangay

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Carmela Mady B. Manabat ◽  
Marielle C. Alejo ◽  
Loraine V. Dela Cruz. ◽  
Joseph M. Apan ◽  
Renato D. Erasquin Jr,
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Electrical Loading ◽  
Loading System ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
The Impact

The study assessed the cost and benefit of electrical loading management of transformers. There is a serious occurrence of over and under loaded transformer which deeply affects the power quality or system loss and reliability of the distribution lines. Initially, the percent loading of the 27 transformers of Feeder 21 were identified using Microsoft Excel 2016. Then, the identified transformers were classified into three categories; overload (greater than 70%), under loaded (less than 40%) and normal loaded (40-70%). Through this process, three (3) solutions were identified: Solution I - change the transformer rating, Solution II – merge and transfer transformer loadsand Solution III - combine solution I and II. The three-solution used to identify the new percent loading to meet the normal percent loading (40-69%). Subsequently, the reduced Core and Copper Losses, Annual Energy Save, Savings and Benefit/Cost Ratio were computed and analyzed to determine the impact of loadingmanagement. The results show that there was an accumulated savings of Php 332,060.08 for Solution I, Php 92,043.09 for Solution II and Php 252,045.78 for Solution III. In the case of Benefit/Cost ratio it should be greater than 1 (>1) for a project to be economically feasible and justifiable; Solution I was 1.22, Solution II was 687.3 and 1.93 for Solution III. Based on the results of the study, SolutionIII was best among the three, for it has met the criteria of all transformers were all in normal loaded (40-70%) condition, and greater than 1 benefit/cost ratio.

scholarly journals Pemanfaatan Container Menjadi Ruang Isolasi Apung Sebagai Alternatif Bagi Pasien Covid-19

Syntax Idea ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 383
Author(s):  
Siti Dwi Lazuardi ◽  
Akhdan Muhammad Muaz ◽  
Dina Fatimatuz Zahroh ◽  
Altalariq Pranantha Yudha Airlangga ◽  
Afyfah Ramadhani Dias Saputri
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
High Density ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Wood Plastic Composite ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Plastic Composite ◽  
Benefit Cost

Kasus COVID-19 hingga saat ini terus mengalami peningkatan, terlalu banyaknya pasien yang membutuhkan perawatan intensif mengakibatkan rumah sakit mengalami kondisi overloaded capacity. Dalam rangka meminimalisir adanya pasien rawat mandiri dan berisiko adanya cluster keluarga, maka pemanfaatan container menjadi ruang isolasi apung sebagai alternatif bagi masyarakat untuk mendapat penanganan intensif COVID-19. Pemanfaatan container bekas 20 feet dipadukan dengan alas untuk mengapung berbahan HDPE (High-Density Polyethylene) dan alas pijakan WPC (Wood Plastic Composite). Dalam mempertimbangkan besaran biaya serta mengukur keoptimalan dari manfaat penelitian, maka penilitian ini menggunakan metode CBA (Cost-Benefit Analysis) dan metode BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) untuk menguji kelayakan dari penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemanfaatan container bekas menjadi ruang isolasi apung termasuk dalam kategori baik, dimana penelitian ini dapat menekan angka pasien isolasi mandiri sebesar 35% dan hasil perhitungan manfaat memiliki rasio sebesar 1,02 dan menghasilkan nilai NPV positif dengan batasan kelayakan yaitu BCR > 1, dan NPV > 1. Dari hasil penelitian tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa, ruang isolasi apung ini layak untuk direalisasikan atau dioperasikan.

scholarly journals A Cost-Benefit Analysis of the COVID-19 Asymptomatic Mass Testing Strategy in the North Metropolitan Area of Barcelona

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesc López Seguí ◽  
Oriol Estrada Cuxart ◽  
Oriol Mitjà i Villar ◽  
Guillem Hernández Guillamet ◽  
Núria Prat Gil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Screening ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The North ◽  
Health Gains ◽  
Benefit Cost

The epidemiological situation generated by COVID-19 has highlighted the importance of applying non-pharmacological measures. Among these, mass screening of the asymptomatic general population has been established as a priority strategy by carrying out diagnostic tests to limit the spread of the virus. In this article, we aim to evaluate the economic impact of mass COVID-19 screenings of an asymptomatic population through a Cost-Benefit Analysis based on the estimated total costs of mass screening versus health gains and associated health costs avoided. Excluding the value of monetized health, the Benefit-Cost ratio was estimated at approximately 0.45. However, if monetized health is included in the calculation, the ratio is close to 1.20. The monetization of health is the critical element that tips the scales in favour of the desirability of screening. Screenings with the highest return are those that maximize the percentage of positives detected.

scholarly journals Cost-benefit analysis of pharmacist interventions over 36 months in a university hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Maurilio de Souza Cazarim ◽  
João Paulo Vilela Rodrigues ◽  
Priscila Santos Calcini ◽  
Thomas Einarson ◽  
Leonardo Régis Leira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Marginal Cost ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Net Benefit ◽  
Hospital Perspective ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Teaching

OBJECTIVE: To perform a cost-benefits analysis of a clinical pharmacy (CP) service implemented in a Neurology ward of a tertiary teaching hospital. METHODS: This is a cost-benefit analysis of a single arm, prospective cohort study performed at the adult Neurology Unit over 36 months, which has evaluated the results of a CP service from a hospital and Public Health System (PHS) perspective. The interventions were classified into 14 categories and the costs identified as direct medical costs. The results were analyzed by the total and marginal cost, the benefit-cost ratio (BCR) and the net benefit (NB). RESULTS: The total 334 patients were followed-up and the highest occurrence in 506 interventions was drug introduction (29.0%). The marginal cost for the hospital and avoided cost for PHS was US$182±32 and US$25,536±4,923 per year; and US$0.55 and US$76.4 per patient/year. The BCR and NB were 0.0, -US$26,105 (95%CI -31,850 – -10,610), -US$27,112 (95%CI -33,160–11,720) for the hospital and; 3.0 (95%CI 1.97–4.94), US$51,048 (95%CI 27,645–75,716) and, 4.6 (95%CI 2.24–10.05), US$91,496 (95%CI 34,700–168,050; p < 0.001) for the PHS, both considering adhered and total interventions, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The CP service was not directly cost-benefit at the hospital perspective, but it presented savings for forecast cost related to the occurrence of preventable morbidities, measuring a good cost-benefit for the PHS.

scholarly journals Guide to cost benefit analysis of community-based interventions

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Xiaonan Li
Keyword(s):  
Net Present Value ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Costs And Benefits ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
The Cost

This paper offers a general guide on how to conduct a proper economic analysis for community-based intervention projects. Identification and quantification of costs and benefits are the focus of the cost benefit analysis. We categorize costs and benefits from human and physical perspectives and pay special attention to the measures of saving human lives accompanied by the proposed calculation methods. We recommend net present value and benefit-cost ratio as the criteria to assess projects and highlight some challenges remaining in the analysis.

Efficient two-stage sequential arrays of proof of concept studies for pharmaceutical portfolios

2020 ◽  
pp. 096228022095817
Author(s):  
Linchen He ◽  
Linqiu Du ◽  
Zoran Antonijevic ◽  
Martin Posch ◽  
Valeriy R Korostyshevskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Benefit Cost

Previous work has shown that individual randomized “proof-of-concept” (PoC) studies may be designed to maximize cost-effectiveness, subject to an overall PoC budget constraint. Maximizing cost-effectiveness has also been considered for arrays of simultaneously executed PoC studies. Defining Type III error as the opportunity cost of not performing a PoC study, we evaluate the common pharmaceutical practice of allocating PoC study funds in two stages. Stage 1, or the first wave of PoC studies, screens drugs to identify those to be permitted additional PoC studies in Stage 2. We investigate if this strategy significantly improves efficiency, despite slowing development. We quantify the benefit, cost, benefit-cost ratio, and Type III error given the number of Stage 1 PoC studies. Relative to a single stage PoC strategy, significant cost-effective gains are seen when at least one of the drugs has a low probability of success (10%) and especially when there are either few drugs (2) with a large number of indications allowed per drug (10) or a large portfolio of drugs (4). In these cases, the recommended number of Stage 1 PoC studies ranges from 2 to 4, tracking approximately with an inflection point in the minimization curve of Type III error.

The Effects of Intensive Postrelease Correctional Supervision on Recidivism: A Natural Experiment

2021 ◽  
pp. 088740342199843
Author(s):  
Grant Duwe ◽  
Susan McNeeley
Keyword(s):  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Negative Binomial Regression ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Intensive Supervision ◽  
Binomial Regression ◽  
The Impact

In July 2018, the Minnesota Department of Corrections revised the criteria it uses to place soon-to-be-released prisoners on intensive supervision by shifting from mostly offense-based conditions to those based exclusively on risk. In doing so, this policy change provided a unique opportunity to evaluate not only the impact of intensive supervision on recidivism but also whether risk-based policies lead to better outcomes. Using Cox regression and negative binomial regression on a sample of 1,818 persons released in 2018, we found that intensive supervised release (ISR) significantly reduced the hazard for general, felony, and violent reoffending. We also found, however, that ISR significantly increased the risk of a technical violation revocation. The findings from our cost–benefit analysis showed that, despite the relatively high costs it incurred, ISR was a cost-effective intervention because it reduced reoffending for those with a higher risk of committing serious, violent crimes.

Cost-Benefit Analysis of Two Decision Criteria for Spondee Threshold Measurements

1975 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
Michael R. Chial ◽  
William G. Beck ◽  
Glen Vanlandingham
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Testing Time ◽  
Benefit Cost Ratio ◽  
Correct Rule ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Benefit Cost

Normal-hearing subjects were tested and retested using two spondee threshold criteria: a strict 50% correct rule and a 50% or 75% correct (or both) rule. The 50% criterion produced lower thresholds at the cost of poorer test-retest reliability and longer test durations. Both decision rules gave lower threshold SPL values and required less testing time during the second trial. A proposed benefit-cost ratio model indicated that the 50% or 75% (or both) decision rule gives a better return on the investment of clinical effort.

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