scholarly journals The Effect of Sales and Evidence from Micro Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zi-Yi Guo ◽  
Yangxiaoteng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Cost Model ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Retail Sales ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Menu Cost ◽  
Micro Level

The concept of menu cost indicates that firms are facing a fixed menu cost when they want to change the nominal prices. However, the standard menu cost model is hardly to explain the observed facts from micro-level data, especially in terms of sales. In this paper, we investigate the effect of sales through a novel product-level dataset. There are at least three findings from our estimation results. First, we find that retail sales themselves, rather than price decreases, have a large effect on consumers’ purchases. Second, consumers are more prices sensitive when the product is on sale than they are when the product is not on sale. Third, consumers are far more aware of price decreases than price increases.

scholarly journals Tariff Passthrough at the Border

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (238) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gita Gopinath ◽  
Alberto Calvallo ◽  
Brent Neiman ◽  
Jenny Tang
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rates ◽  
The United States ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Product Categories ◽  
Price Increases ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Us Trade Policy ◽  
Retail Prices ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact

We use micro data collected at the border and at retailers to characterize the effects brought by recent changes in US trade policy - particularly the tariffs placed on imports from China - on importers, consumers, and exporters. We start by documenting that the tariffs were almost fully passed through to total prices paid by importers, suggesting the tariffs' incidence has fallen largely on the United States. Since we estimate the response of prices to exchange rates to be far more muted, the recent depreciation of the Chinese renminbi is unlikely to alter this conclusion. Next, using product-level data from several large multi-national retailers, we demonstrate that the impact of the tariffs on retail prices is more mixed. Some affected product categories have seen sharp price increases, but the difference between affected and unaffected products is generally quite modest, suggesting that retail margins have fallen. These retailers' imports increased after the initial announcement of possible tariffs, but before their full implementation, so the intermediate passthrough of tariffs to their prices may not persist. Finally, in contrast to the case of foreign exporters facing US tariffs, we show that US exporters lowered their prices on goods subjected to foreign retaliatory tariffs compared to exports of non-targeted goods.

scholarly journals Compensation and Socio-Economic Status of Borrowers in Foreclosure: Evidence from Swedish Micro-data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lundholm
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Debt Relief ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Micro Data ◽  
Safety Nets ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractProper compensation during foreclosure is essential to any effort to protect borrowers as consumers. However, the effectiveness of consumer protection and other safety nets during foreclosure has been debated within academia. This study contributes to this debate by exploring socio-economic group differences related to the compensatory potential of foreclosure proceedings. It employs micro-level data on foreclosure auctions in Sweden from 2000 to 2014. The results indicate that there is a correlation between high socio-economic status and a greater potential for compensation and that this is likely not explained by appraiser bias. This article discusses these empirical findings in terms of the need for strict consumer protection regulation and other safety nets, such as alternative mortgage products or debt relief, to ensure that there is a potential for compensation for all borrowers in foreclosure, regardless of socio-economic status.

scholarly journals Active versus passive academic networking: evidence from micro-level data

2011 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajeev K. Goel ◽  
Christoph Grimpe
Keyword(s):  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level

Segregation, Integration, and Death: Evidence from the Korean War

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Connor Huff ◽  
Robert Schub
Keyword(s):  
Korean War ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Quantitative Evidence ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Level Data ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Military Units ◽  
Null Finding

Abstract How does the design of military institutions affect who bears the costs of war? We answer this question by studying the transformative shift from segregated to integrated US military units during the Korean War. Combining new micro-level data on combat fatalities with archival data on the deployment and racial composition of military battalions, we show that Black and white soldiers died at similar rates under segregation. Qualitative and quantitative evidence provides one potential explanation for this counterintuitive null finding: acute battlefield concerns necessitated deploying military units wherever soldiers were needed, regardless of their race. We next argue that the mid-war racial integration of units, which tied the fates of soldiers more closely together, should not alter the relative fatality rates. The evidence is consistent with this expectation. Finally, while aggregate fatality rates were equal across races, segregation enabled short-term casualty discrepancies. Under segregation there were high casualty periods for white units followed by high casualty periods for Black units. Integration eliminated this variability. This research note highlights how enshrining segregationist policies within militaries creates permissive conditions for either commanders' choices, or the dictates and variability of conflict, to shape who bears war's costs.

scholarly journals Invalid Ballots and Electoral Competition

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gani Aldashev ◽  
Giovanni Mastrobuoni
Keyword(s):  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Electoral Fraud ◽  
Parliamentary Elections ◽  
Electoral Outcome ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Rational Allocation ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
High Share

In close elections, a sufficiently high share of invalid ballots—if driven by voter mistakes or electoral fraud—can jeopardize the electoral outcome. We study how the closeness of electoral race relates to the share of invalid ballots, under the traditional paper-ballot hand-counted voting technology. Using a large micro-level data set from the Italian parliamentary elections in 1994–2001, we find a strong robust negative relationship between the margin of victory of the leading candidate over the nearest rival and the share of invalid ballots. We argue that this relationship is not driven by voter mistakes, protest, or electoral fraud. The explanation that garners most support is that of rational allocation of effort by election officers and party representatives, with higher rates ofdetectionof invalid ballots in close elections.

scholarly journals The employment and wage effects of export VAT rebates: evidence from China

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Gao ◽  
Jing Ma ◽  
Zheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Employment Effect ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Wage Effects ◽  
Reallocation Of Resources

AbstractThis paper studies the employment and wage effects of VAT rebates to exporters with comprehensive firm-product-level data of China. It is found that the adjustments in VAT rebates significantly and positively affect firm’s employment but have no statistically significant effect on firm’s wage. Moreover, this paper finds that the employment effect of VAT rebates is heterogeneous across firms. In particular, low-productivity firms are more sensitive to the adjustments of VAT rebates than high-productivity firms, suggesting that an increase of VAT rebates may cause mis-reallocation of resources.

Product-level profitability

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 214-237
Author(s):  
Hannu Hannila ◽  
Joni Koskinen ◽  
Janne Harkonen ◽  
Harri Haapasalo
Keyword(s):  
Business Processes ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
Data Governance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Product ◽  
Product Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Corporate Level

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse current challenges and to articulate the preconditions for data-driven, fact-based product portfolio management (PPM) based on commercial and technical product structures, critical business processes, corporate business IT and company data assets. Here, data assets were classified from a PPM perspective in terms of (product/customer/supplier) master data, transaction data and Internet of Things data. The study also addresses the supporting role of corporate-level data governance. Design/methodology/approach The study combines a literature review and qualitative analysis of empirical data collected from eight international companies of varying size. Findings Companies’ current inability to analyse products effectively based on existing data is surprising. The present findings identify a number of preconditions for data-driven, fact-based PPM, including mutual understanding of company products (to establish a consistent commercial and technical product structure), product classification as strategic, supportive or non-strategic (to link commercial and technical product structures with product strategy) and a holistic, corporate-level data model for adjusting the company’s business IT (to support product portfolio visualisation). Practical implications The findings provide a logical and empirical basis for fact-based, product-level analysis of product profitability and analysis of the product portfolio over the product life cycle, supporting a data-driven approach to the optimisation of commercial and technical product structure, business IT systems and company product strategy. As a virtual representation of reality, the company data model facilitates product visualisation. The findings are of great practical value, as they demonstrate the significance of corporate-level data assets, data governance and business-critical data for managing a company’s products and portfolio. Originality/value The study contributes to the existing literature by specifying the preconditions for data-driven, fact-based PPM as a basis for product-level analysis and decision making, emphasising the role of company data assets and clarifying the links between business processes, information systems and data assets for PPM.

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