scholarly journals Hamlet as an Arab Intellectual: A Marxist Reading of Mamduh Adwan’s Play Hamlet Wakes Up Late

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Kheira Bedjaoui ◽  
Yousef Abu Amrieh

The paper aims at reading Mamduh Adwan’s play Hamlet Wakes up Late (1978) from a Marxist perspective to broadly examine how life under a Capitalist system along with its foreign investments and trading services can easily destroy the political, social as well as the cultural surroundings of a certain nation. Throughout his play, Adwan brilliantly adapts Shakespeare and offers a Marxist point of view to comment on how the West continues to dominate the East with its economic power. Importantly, in employing Shakespeare’s portrayal of Hamlet as a tragic hero, Adwan uses him as a dramatic archetype to comment on one of the Shakespearean’s famous political quotes “something is rotten in the state of Denmark”. Seen from this perspective, the paper will read Adwan’s play from a Marxist viewpoint to demonstrate how he has in fact used Hamlet’s lack of intellectualism to criticize the Syrian policy of “The Six Day War” defeat to Israel.

Author(s):  
Nicolai Von Eggers ◽  
Mathias Hein Jessen

Michel Foucault developed his now (in)famous neologism governmentality in the first of the two lectures he devoted to ’a history of governmentality, Security, Territory, Population (1977-78) and The Birth of Biopolitics (1978-79). Foucault developed this notion in order to do a historical investigation of ‘the state’ or ‘the political’ which did not assume the entity of the state but treated it as a way of governing, a way of thinking about governing. Recently, the Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben has taken up Foucault’s notion of governmentality in his writing of a history of power in the West, most notably in The Kingdom and the Glory. It is with inspiration from Agamben’s recent use of Foucault that Foucault’s approach to writing the history of the state (as a history of governmental practices and the reflection hereof) is revisited. Foucault (and Agamben) thus offer another way of writing the history of the state and of the political, which focuses on different texts and on reading more familiar texts in a new light, thereby offering a new and notably different view on the emergence of the modern state and politics.


2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 198-211
Author(s):  
Bohdan YAKYMOVYCH

Assessing the Ukrainian Revolution, 1917–1921, and the proclaiming of the West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR) as the second most crucial phenomenon in the history of the Ukrainian people after the establishment of the Cossack State under the leadership of Bohdan Khmelnytskyi in the 18th century, the author of this study pays special attention to the mistakes of the political and army leadership of the Galicians, which caused the demise of the state in the Galicia-Bukovyna-Zakarpattia region. The author identifies three periods, during which it was possible to send the Polish occupiers away from the territory of the Eastern Galicia. It was the wasted time, disorientation in the Polish domestic contradictions, disarrangement of the rear, failure to enforce the Act of Unification of the ZUNR, and the Ukrainian People’s Republic (UNR), as well as the developments in the Dnieper region, caused the demise of the ZUNR. The latter found itself face to face with the might of the revived Polish state already in the second quarter of 1919. Just at that time, the Entente, with a neutral position of the United States, supplied the Poles with considerable forces and means throwing the Ukrainians at the paws of Poland, Romania, and White and Red Russia. Keywords West Ukrainian People’s Republic (ZUNR), Lviv, Peremyshl (Przemysl), Dmytro Vitovskyi, Hnat Stefaniv, Mykhailo Omelianovych-Pavlenko


2018 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Bielawska

The paper presents the political system of the Greek poleis between the 8th century BC and 2nd century AD. It analyzes the standpoints of ancient thinkers and poets from the point of view of the development of studies on the state, the manner of its description, the approach to its tasks and the limitations imposed on the state, as well as how political systems were defined, perceived and transformed, aiming towards democracy.


2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 200
Author(s):  
Eliesér Toretta Zen ◽  
Douglas Christian Ferrari de Mello

Objetivamos analisar, a partir de estudos bibliográficos, as relações sociais capitalistas, Estado ampliado e formação humana a partir do pensamento de Antonio Gramsci. Fizemos um estudo bibliográfico a partir do referencial teórico de Gramsci e de seus principais intérpretes. O estudo revelou, que para Gramsci, o Estado não é visto como algo monolítico, sem contradições internas. As frações do bloco no poder estão presentes no Estado, nos seus aparelhos e órgãos e na definição de políticas. As contradições que os acompanham também se apresentam no Estado. Assim, o Estado é um campo de disputas entre as classes fundamentais pela conquista da hegemonia. A escola unitária, promovendo a formação humana onilateral é fundamental para as classes subalternas na construção da nova hegemonia e, por sua vez, de um projeto alternativo de sociedade e de educação. Na escola unitária se realizará a união entre trabalho intelectual e manual, teoria e prática, formação profissional e formação geral, o especialista e o político, preparando as classes subalternas para as funções de direção, de governante, de especialista e de direção política, colocando-as em condições de dispor do Estado a serviço do bem comum.Palavras-chave: Gramsci. Estado ampliado. Formação humana. A proposal of human formation as a field of dispute for the enlarged state within the capitalist system: gramscian notes.ABSTRACTWe aim to analyze, from bibliographical studies, the capitalist social relations, expanded State and human formation based on the thought of Antonio Gramsci. We outlined a bibliographical study based on Gramsci’s theoretical background and his main interprets. The study disclosed that, for Gramsci, the State is not seen as something monolithic, without any internal contradictions, the fractions of the block in power are present in the State, in its apparatuses, organs and in the definition of policies. The contradictions that follow them also appear in the State. Thus, the State is a fi eld of disputes between the fundamental classes for the conquest of hegemony. The unitary school, promoting the unilateral human formation, is fundamental for the subaltern classes in the construction of the new hegemony and, on the other hand, an alternative project of society and education. In the unitary school will happen the union between intellectual and manual labor, theory and practice, professional and general formation, the specialist and the political, preparing the subaltern classes for the functions of management, of governor, of specialist and of political direction, placing them in conditions of disposing the State and in order to common good.Keywords: Gramsci. Expanded state. Human formation. Una propuesta de formación humana como campo de disputa por el estado ampliado dentro del sistema capitalista: apuntes gramscianos. RESUMENObjetivamos analizar, a partir de estudios bibliográficos, las relaciones sociales capitalistas, Estado ampliado y formación humana a partir del pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci. Hemos hecho un estudio bibliográfico a partir del referencial teórico de Gramsci y de sus principales intérpretes. El estudio reveló, que para Gramsci, el Estado no es visto como algo monolítico, sin contradicciones internas. Las fracciones del bloque en el poder están presentes en el Estado, en sus aparatos y órganos y en la definición de políticas. Las contradicciones que los acompañan también se presentan en el Estado. Así, el Estado es un campo de disputas entre las clases fundamentales por la conquista de la hegemonía. La escuela unitaria, promoviendo la formación humana omnilateral es fundamental para las clases subalternas en la construcción de la nueva hegemonía y, a su vez, de un proyecto alternativo de sociedad y de educación. En la escuela unitaria se realizará la unión entre trabajo intelectual y manual, teoría y práctica, formación profesional y formación general, el especialista y el político, preparando las clases subalternas para las funciones de dirección, de gobernante, de especialista y de dirección política, colocando-las en condiciones de disponer del Estado al servicio del bien común.Palabras clave: Gramsci. Estado ampliado. Formación humana.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2.13) ◽  
pp. 46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yury Grigoryevich Volkov ◽  
Anna Vladimirovna Vereshchagina ◽  
Anatoly Vladimirovich Lubsky ◽  
Viktoriya Olegovna Vagina ◽  
Ivan Viktorovich Gubarev

The article considers the peculiarities of the formation and development of patriotism and solidarity in the West and in Russia. The nature of these phenomena is revealed from the point of view of their socio-cultural and historical dependence. The article analyzes the prospects for the emergence of civil patriotism in Russia in the context of solidarity practices as a way to strengthen the state-civil identity and unity of all the nations in modern Russia. Given the existing differences in the development of patriotism and social solidarity in the West and in Russia, as well as the sociocultural foundations for the formation of civil patriotism in the context of solidarity practices, civil engagement and moral responsibility of citizens to the civil community are singled out as a determining condition 


Author(s):  
Галина Михайловна Батюк

Статья посвящена произведению декоративно-прикладного искусства Колесо учения (чакра) , которое было представлено на выставке Дары Востока и Запада Императорскому двору за 300 лет в Государственном Эрмитаже в 20142016 гг. Колесо учения рассматривается в контексте дипломатических отношений между Россией и Тибетом, исторической обстановки начала XX в., основ буддийской религиозной системы, а также непосредственно с точки зрения художественных особенностей произведения. The article focuses on the work of decorative art The wheel of teaching (the chakra) , which was presented at the exhibition Gifts of the East and the West to the Imperial court for 300 years in the State Hermitage Museum in 20142016. The author considers The wheel of teaching in the context of diplomatic relations between Russia and Tibet, the historical situation of the early XX century, the basics of the Buddhist religious system and directly from the point of view of the artistic features of the work.


2008 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 49
Author(s):  
Σταυρούλα ΧΟΝΔΡΙΔΟΥ

  <p>Stauroula Hondridou</p><p>The plot of Romanus Boïlas: A Type of Concpiracy Prevention in the Mid-Eleventh Century</p><p> </p><p>Conspiracy was not rare during the long-lived history of Byzantium. Accordingly, the plot of Romanus Boïlas against Constantine IX Monomachos, in the middle of the 11th century, would not have been of great interest, if the way by which the Byzantine emperor handled it did not render it an event worth to investigate.</p><p>According to the sources, Romanus Boïlas served Monomachos' bodyguard battalions, when he acquainted the emperor. Soon, he rose in the state hierarchy and became politically powerful, a fact that enabled him to conspire against the throne. His plot was revealed before his attempting to assassinate the emperor and was himself arrested. However, during the trial Monomachos tried to acquit Boïlas by claiming the offender's naiveté and honesty. After the deliberations, Monomachos honoured Boïlas with a symposium, while Boïlas abettors were arrested, tortured, deprived of their property and exiled.</p><p>Byzantine historiographers interpret Monomacho's peculiar reaction as the result of his dependency on Boïlas, whom they consider as the emperor's buffoon, although the Emperor was in his hands a weak-willed tool.</p><p>Nevertheless, the thorough examination of the sources, the investigation of the two heroes' profiles according to the point of view represented by Byzantine historiographers, and the detailed study of the political events at the time of the conspiracy, lead us to a different conclusion. Thus, Boïlas' plot is not to be seen as a hostile action targeting the central, imperial power, but rather as a means by which the imperial power attempted to control a conspiracy against itself.</p>


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-33
Author(s):  
Mouldi Benalya

This article studies the major transformations resulting from the global Covid-19 pandemic and how to examine it from the point of view of social philosophy through two sub-themes. The first relates to understanding the state of collective panic in Spain, France, and Italy. It is logical that fear of the pandemic should not turn into a state of collective panic in societies living under technologically advanced political systems, except in cases where these societies lack the basic elements on which social ties are based. Therefore, how do we understand the fragility of these social ties in European countries where mass panic is threatening daily life? The second sub-theme is related to the gestures and features of creating a new geopolitical map that has benefitted from the geopolitical retreat of the West to consolidate other political and regional alliances, mainly the Chinese initiative to tender aid to Italy at a time when other European countries turned their backs on and closed their borders with that European Union member state. How do we understand the contribution of the pandemic in forming new geopolitical alliances that could reset the balance of power in the world? We will observe the political behavior of countries that are supposed to be the first to have shown solidarity with Italy, Spain, and France, which are members of the European Union. We analyze the factors related to the erosion of the basis on which classical European society is based, where collective panic represents one of the manifestations of this disintegration. This panic, which was expressed in the rush to buy foodstuffs and the outbreak of a “toilet paper” buying fever that spread throughout Europe and the United States, saw shelves suddenly empty without a direct reason for this fact. Also, the study determines the relationship that binds these factors to the political disintegration expressed in the lack of solidarity from parts of the European Union with the three countries most affected by the pandemic. The second part of the study discusses how China will benefit from these political developments in the West with the prevalence of collective panic due to the pandemic, especially in the case of Italy, and how China is consolidating solidarity relations with these countries, drawing a map of new international political relations as part of its Silk Road project. Also, there is a discussion of the French philosopher Michel Foucault’s study on plague as a theoretical framework.


1972 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asunción Lavrin

As it has been suggested in a previous article, by the middle of the 1830's, the Mexican government had started to put into effect a policy of stricter control over the sources of income of the Church and, at the same time, it had started to tap clerical resources with demands for loans, both forced and voluntary. In addition, Liberal politicians had put forward plans to restrict the political and economic power of the Church, not to mention its more subtle influence on areas such as education. These restrictive policies were embodied in the laws decreed by Vicente Gómez Farías during his ephemeral administration. Although the majority of these laws were later revoked, the ideological challenge of the Liberals remained alive, awaiting more propitious times. In the interim, the Conservative régimes which ruled the country from 1835 to 1855 had to face some of the most difficult political and economic crises experienced by Mexico up to that time. In trying to solve them, the Conservatives, although friendly to the Church, continued attempting to exert some form of control over clerical property, and continued to regard the Church as a source of possible funds.


Focaal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 (76) ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Jaoul

Does the dominant, statist conception of citizenship offer a satisfying framework to study the politicization of subaltern classes? This dialectical exploration of the political movements that emerge from the suppressed margins of Indian society questions their relationship to the state and its outcomes from the point of view of emancipation. As this special section shows, political ethnographers of “insurgent citizenship” among Dalits and Adivasis offer a view from below. The articles illustrate the way political subjectivities are being produced on the ground by confronting, negotiating, but also exceeding the state and its policed frameworks.


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