scholarly journals Analysis of rainfall data for water management In dry land zone of Karnataka

MAUSAM ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 147-152
Author(s):  
R. N. Adhikari ◽  
M. S. RAMA MOHAN RAO ◽  
P. BHASKAR RAO
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Scientific Management ◽  
Arid Zones ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Total Failure ◽  
Storage Structures

Bellary region is characterized as one of the semi-arid zones of Karnataka, having only 508  mm of annual rainfall distributed over 35 rainy days. The ill-distribution of rainfall creates at least 5 drought years in every decade. The average rainfa1l distribution shows that there is a total failure in Kharif  season. However, some assured  rainfall  received during September and October a better prospect which assumes for rabi season .This  problem can be overcome to. certain extent by scientific management of crops and water. This calls for detailed analysis of any Important water resources Issues. Keeping this mind, an attempt made in this paper to analysis short and long period rainfall data. The probabilities analysis of. rainfall for shorter periods  for identification of suitable periods for sowing, return period analysis for designing of soil and water  conservation structures and determining the size of storage structures, the identification of number of Various rainfall events for designing water harvesting system for crop and water management are carried out and presented in this paper.

scholarly journals Mechanisms Associated with Large Daily Rainfall Events in Northeast Brazil

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 376-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brant Liebmann ◽  
George N. Kiladis ◽  
Dave Allured ◽  
Carolina S. Vera ◽  
Charles Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Kelvin Wave ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Independent Events ◽  
Precipitation Anomalies ◽  
Wave Trains ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Forcing Mechanisms

Abstract The mechanisms resulting in large daily rainfall events in Northeast Brazil are analyzed using data filtering to exclude periods longer than 30 days. Composites of circulation fields that include all independent events do not reveal any obvious forcing mechanisms as multiple patterns contribute to Northeast Brazil precipitation variability. To isolate coherent patterns, subsets of events are selected based on anomalies that precede the Northeast Brazil precipitation events at different locations. The results indicate that at 10°S, 40°W, the area of lowest annual rainfall in Brazil, precipitation occurs mainly in association with trailing midlatitude synoptic wave trains originating in either hemisphere. Closer to the equator at 5°S, 37.5°W, an additional convection precursor is found to the west, with a spatial structure consistent with that of a Kelvin wave. Although these two sites are located within only several hundred kilometers of each other and the midlatitude patterns that induce precipitation appear to be quite similar, the dates on which large precipitation anomalies occur at each location are almost entirely independent, pointing to separate forcing mechanisms.

Improving efficiency in water use and conservation in Spanish hotels

2005 ◽  
Vol 5 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 273-279 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Cobacho ◽  
F. Arregui ◽  
J.C. Parra ◽  
E. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Fundamental Component ◽  
Conservation Actions ◽  
Water Scarce

Hotels are a fundamental component within the tourist Spanish sector, and their role in water management turns out even more relevant taking into account the fact that tourist areas, in which they are generally located, are water scarce. Trying to go further from the standard ratios and estimations to plan water conservation, this work intends to really measure and quantify water use in rooms. Only by doing this, can subsequent conservation actions, now able to be reliably specified for each specific use, achieve a real success.

scholarly journals Performance of TRMM TMPA 3B42 V7 in Replicating Daily Rainfall and Regional Rainfall Regimes in the Amazon Basin (1998–2013)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1879 ◽  
Author(s):  
Véronique Michot ◽  
Daniel Vila ◽  
Damien Arvor ◽  
Thomas Corpetti ◽  
Josyane Ronchail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Rainfall Regimes ◽  
Trmm 3B42 ◽  
Good Agreement

Knowledge and studies on precipitation in the Amazon Basin (AB) are determinant for environmental aspects such as hydrology, ecology, as well as for social aspects like agriculture, food security, or health issues. Availability of rainfall data at high spatio-temporal resolution is thus crucial for these purposes. Remote sensing techniques provide extensive spatial coverage compared to ground-based rainfall data but it is imperative to assess the quality of the estimates. Previous studies underline at regional scale in the AB, and for some years, the efficiency of the Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) 3B42 Version 7 (V7) (hereafter 3B42) daily product data, to provide a good view of the rainfall time variability which is important to understand the impacts of El Nino Southern Oscilation. Then our study aims to enhance the knowledge about the quality of this product on the entire AB and provide a useful understanding about his capacity to reproduce the annual rainfall regimes. For that purpose we compared 3B42 against 205 quality-controlled rain gauge measurements for the period from March 1998 to July 2013, with the aim to know whether 3B42 is reliable for climate studies. Analysis of quantitative (Bias, Relative RMSE) and categorical statistics (POD, FAR) for the whole period show a more accurate spatial distribution of mean daily rainfall estimations in the lowlands than in the Andean regions. In the latter, the location of a rain gauge and its exposure seem to be more relevant to explain mismatches with 3B42 rather than its elevation. In general, a good agreement is observed between rain gauge derived regimes and those from 3B42; however, performance is better in the rainy period. Finally, an original way to validate the estimations is by taking into account the interannual variability of rainfall regimes (i.e., the presence of sub-regimes): four sub-regimes in the northeast AB defined from rain gauges and 3B42 were found to be in good agreement. Furthermore, this work examined whether TRMM 3B42 V7 rainfall estimates for all the grid points in the AB, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) and water vapor flux patterns are consistent in the northeast of AB.

scholarly journals Climatologia da pluviometria do município de Teresina, Piauí, Brasil

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 135
Author(s):  
Hudson Ellen Alencar Menezes ◽  
Raimundo Mainar de Medeiros ◽  
José Lucas Guilherme Santos
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Intertropical Convergence Zone ◽  
Atmospheric Dynamics ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Convergence Zone ◽  
Northeast Brazil ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Urbanized Areas

<p>As variações nas precipitações refletem claramente a dinâmica atmosférica da região, marcada pela intensa variabilidade, onde se observa a atuação da Zona de Convergência Intertropical (ZCIT) com sua atuação entre os meses de janeiro a março, sendo esse período mais chuvoso. As variabilidades espaço temporal no comportamento das chuvas tem sido analisadas e diagnosticadas por vários autores no Nordeste do Brasil (NEB), portanto objetivou-se diagnosticar a variabilidade dos índices pluviométricos em Teresina no Estado do Piauí no período de 1913 a 2010. A análise do comportamento da precipitação nas cidades de grande e médio porte é de extrema importância para o gerenciamento dos recursos hídricos, uma vez que se trata de áreas densamente urbanizadas. Muitas vezes, sem uma estruturação urbana adequada, estas cidades se encaixam perfeitamente nesse contexto. Foram utilizados dados mensais observados e anuais de precipitação pluviométrica no período de 1913 a 2010, com 97 anos de observações. Os resultados mostraram a recorrência de valores máximos de precipitação anual dentro de um intervalo de 18, 11 e 8 anos. Na análise dos desvios-padrões, os resultados mostraram predominância dos desvios negativos em relação aos desvios positivos.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Climatology of rainfall in the Teresina city, Piauí state, Brazil</em></strong></p><p>Variations in precipitation clearly reflect the atmospheric dynamics of the region, marked by intense variability, where we observe the performance of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) with his performance in the months of January-March, this being more rain tem period. The timeline of rainfall variability in behavior has been analyzed and diagnosed by several authors in Northeast Brazil (NEB), so let's study this variability between the periods 1913 to 2010 of Teresina city.  The behavior of rainfall in cities large and medium sized is of utmost importance to the managerial of water resources, since it is densely urbanized areas. Often without adequate urban structures these cities fit perfectly in this context. We used observed monthly and annual rainfall data for the period 1913-2010, 97 years of observations. The results showed recurrence of maximum values of annual precipitation an interval of 18, 11 and 8 years. In the analysis of standard deviations, the results showed a predominance of negative deviations from the positive deviations.<strong></strong></p><p align="center"><strong><em><br /></em></strong></p>

scholarly journals Architecture of Artificial Neural Network in Identification of Internal Dynamics and Prediction of Dynamic System Rainfall Data Time Series

2012 ◽  
pp. 34-42
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Karmakar ◽  
Manoj Kumar Kowar ◽  
Pulak Guhathakurta
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Artificial Neural Network ◽  
Dynamic System ◽  
Long Range ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Global Minima ◽  
Internal Dynamics ◽  
Artificial Neural

The objective of this study is to expand and evaluate the back-propagation artificial neural network (BPANN) and to apply in the identification of internal dynamics of very high dynamic system such long-range total rainfall data time series. This objective is considered via comprehensive review of literature (1978-2011). It is found that, detail of discussion concerning the architecture of ANN for the same is rarely visible in the literature; however various applications of ANN are available. The detail architecture of BPANN with its parameters, i.e., learning rate, number of hidden layers, number of neurons in hidden layers, number of input vectors in input layer, initial and optimized weights etc., designed learning algorithm, observations of local and global minima, and results have been discussed. It is observed that obtaining global minima is almost complicated and always a temporal nervousness. However, achievement of global minima for the period of the training has been discussed. It is found that, the application of the BPANN on identification for internal dynamics and prediction for the long-range total annual rainfall has produced good results. The results are explained through the strong association between rainfall predictors i.e., climate parameter (independent parameter) and total annual rainfall (dependent parameter) are presented in this paper as well.

scholarly journals Water Management for Improving Pearl Millet Production under Irrigated Environment: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parveen Kumar ◽  
Amit Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dry Land

Pearl millet also called “poor man food” is known for its drought resistance, well adaptation to harsh conditions like soils with poor water holding capacity, low nutrient status, problematic soils, etc. Irrigation has been recognized as a basic necessity for sustaining high productivity of various crops. Moreover, it affects the crop yield directly as well as indirectly by increasing their response to other inputs including fertilizers and various management practices. It is well known that water deficit is one of the major abiotic factors limiting crop productivity in the semi-arid tropics. Out of the various production constraints; low productivity of pearl millet is mainly attributed to its cultivation under dry land conditions and improper water management under irrigated conditions. So application of irrigation water offers the scope for improving the quality as well as productivity of pearl millet. Therefore, to augment the productivity of the poor’s man crop, review of the research work related to irrigation scheduling and moisture conservation practices of pearl millet has been presented here for directing the future research.

scholarly journals The Policy Implementation Impact on Region Management

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2S9) ◽  
pp. 649-657
Keyword(s):  
Policy Implementation ◽  
Water Conservation ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Hindrance Factor ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Management Effectiveness ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Agricultural Plant

The land function alteration happens massively at Kecamatan Cimenyan, an area in North Bandung Region or known as Kawasan Bandung Utara (KBU). KBU areas are important because it is located traverse 4 different regions, such as Bandung, Kabupaten Bandung, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, and Cimahi. The main function KBU areas to the cities and districts are very important, especially for water infiltration. It means that these areas are become the main water conservation land and also a flooding prevention area, not only for Bandung Raya region, but also for West Java Region. Land function alteration that happen in Kecamatan Cimenyan are encompass forest, plantation, dry land agricultural plant or known as TPLK conversion and water conservation land alteration into housing development, hotel chain business, and even change into mining area. That leads to environmental changes, such as soil erosion and sedimentation, overflowing river that leads to floods. It’s all because the water conservation areas are getting smaller and smaller each day. Thus, this research aimed to analyse the policy implementation factors that affect the region management effectiveness, hindrance factor, and also the administration efforts at Kecamatan Cimenyan Kabupaten Bandung. An explanative method was used to analyse this research, and used cluster sampling to select the sample from 9 village and kelurahan in KBU region, Kecamatan Cimenyan Kabupaten Bandung in particular. And on every stage sampling are taken by simple random sampling method. The data of this research are examine using structure equation modelling (SEM), a procedure based on methods of successive interval. This research disclosed that the policy implementation that based on communication dimension, resources, disposition/support attitude and bureaucratic structure have a significant impact on the region management effectiveness. And the most significant dimension to determine the effectiveness of the region management was support/disposition dimension then followed by others dimension.

scholarly journals Awareness and Extent of Adoption of In-Situ Water Conservation (ISWC) Practices among Dryland Farmers

2021 ◽  
Vol 108 (Special) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vinotha T ◽  
◽  
Mahandrakumar K ◽  
Anitha Pauline A ◽  
Prabakaran K ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Conservation ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Interview Schedule ◽  
Dry Land ◽  
Land Leveling ◽  
Medium Level

The study was conducted among dry land farmers of Pudukkottai district in Tamil Nadu. Using random sampling method 80 respondents were selected and data was collected through pre-tested interview schedule. Adoption index was used to quantify the selected In-Situ Water Conservation (ISWC) practices. The study examined the level of awareness and extent of adoption of In-Situ Water Conservation (ISWC) practices among dry land farmers. The results showed that among the eight selected practices, respondents had cent percent awareness about summer plough, land leveling and ridges and furrows. Majority of respondents had medium level (76.20%) of adoption of ISWC practices respectively. The study reveals that most of the respondents followed more than two ISWC practices on their farms to conserve the rainwater.

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