scholarly journals 50 year rainfall data analysis and future trend in Saharanpur region

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
VARTIKA SINGH ◽  
PRAMENDRA DEV
Keyword(s):  
Ground Water ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Environmental Implications ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Rainfall

The environmental implications of rainfall pattern in replenishment of ground water system of Saharanpur region, located in western Uttar Pradesh, have been discussed. The mathematical analysis of rainfall dissimilarity of Saharanpur region for a period of 50 year (1959 to 2008) display a quite good range from 497.70 to 4357.5 mm with an annual average rainfall value of 1209.8 mm. The positive trend of departure from the computer value of average annual rainfall exhibits appropriate periods for recharge of ground water reservoir. The recorded data of annual rainfall during the last 3 year reveal values below the calculated annual average rainfall, pointing out negative trend. The statistical analysis of rainfall data involves computations of various statistical parameters, which also support the negative trend of rainfall. The prediction of expected future rainfall trend for a period up to 2018 has been made, which indicates a negative trend. The proposal have been incorporated to implement a plan for augmentation of ground water resource and also to develop possibilities of rainwater harvesting.

scholarly journals Trend and change point detection of seasonal rainfall for effective crop planning over southern transition zone of Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-323
Author(s):  
S. SRIDHARA ◽  
PRADEEP GOPAKKALI
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Rainfall ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Change Point Detection ◽  
Seasonal Rainfall ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Northeast Monsoon ◽  
Significant Positive Trend ◽  
Significant Negative Trend ◽  
Northeast Monsoon Rainfall

The significance of the trends was tested by Mann-Kendall test for annual and seasonal rainfall. Among the 14 taluks, only Hassan taluk shows a significant positive trend in annual rainfall while eight taluks have shown non-significant positive trend and remaining five taluks have shown non-significant negative trend. The annual rainfall for the entire zone have shown non-significant positive trend. For the SWM season, Alur taluk shows a significant negative trend and eight taluks have shown non-significant positive trend. However, five taluks and whole zone showed a non-significant negative trend. Southwest monsoon and annual rainfall in Bhadravathi taluk was increased in 2007 (571.9 mm to 785.1 mm and 857.6 mm to 1090.9 mm, respectively) and in Shivamogga, the change in annual rainfall was decreased during 1983 (1497.5 mm to 944.0 mm) and 2011 (944.0 mm to 796.6 mm). The northeast monsoon rainfall was increased during 1992 (134.3 mm to 441.1 mm) and it was decreased during 1994 (441.1 mm to 162.0 mm) in Shikaripura taluk. Similarly, in Hunsur taluk, the SW Monsoon rainfall has increased (701.8 mm to 1010.2 mm) during 1991 and it was decreased during 2001 (1010.2 mm to 723.3 mm), in Periyapatna and Honnali taluk, Northeast monsoon rainfall has decreased during 2012 and 2011, respectively.

scholarly journals Rainfall erosivity and rainfall return period in the experimental watershed of Aracruz, in the coastal plain of Espirito Santo, Brazil

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Gualberto Martins ◽  
Junior Cesar Avanzi ◽  
Marx Leandro Naves Silva ◽  
Nilton Curi ◽  
Lloyd Darrell Norton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Return Period ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Data Extrapolation ◽  
Espirito Santo

Knowledge on the factors influencing water erosion is fundamental for the choice of the best land use practices. Rainfall, expressed by rainfall erosivity, is one of the most important factors of water erosion. The objective of this study was to determine rainfall erosivity and the return period of rainfall in the Coastal Plains region, near Aracruz, a town in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil, based on available data. Rainfall erosivity was calculated based on historic rainfall data, collected from January 1998 to July 2004 at 5 min intervals, by automatic weather stations of the Aracruz Cellulose S.A company. A linear regression with individual rainfall and erosivity data was fit to obtain an equation that allowed data extrapolation to calculate individual erosivity for a 30-year period. Based on this data the annual average rainfall erosivity in Aracruz was 8,536 MJ mm ha-1 h-1 yr-1. Of the total annual rainfall erosivity 85 % was observed in the most critical period October to March. Annual erosive rains accounted for 38 % of the events causing erosion, although the runoff volume represented 88 % of the total. The annual average rainfall erosivity return period was estimated to be 3.4 years.

scholarly journals Trend Analysis of Rainfall Data in Magelang District Using Mann-Kendall Test and Modification Mann-Kendall Variation

AGRIFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joko Suryanto ◽  
Joko Krisbiyantoro
Keyword(s):  
Kendall Test ◽  
Significant Trend ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Partial Sums ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Mk Test ◽  
Rainfall Trends ◽  
Negative Significant Trend

The objective of the research was to analyzed rainfall trends from 6 rainfall stations Kajoran, Mendut, Muntilan, Ngablak, Salaman and Tempuran rainfall station in different time scales (monthly, 3-months periodicityand annual). Identification homogenity of the rainfall data period 1986-2016 for Magelang district using Rescaled Adjusted Partial Sums (RAPS) methode. The three non-parametric tests, Mann-Kendall (MK), modified Mann-Kendall (MMK), trend free prewhitening Mann-Kendall (TFPW-MK) and Sen’s slope wereemployed to assess significance of trends and detecting magnitude of trends.The results shows that monthly rainfall have no significant trend using MK, MMK, and TFPW-MK test at 0.05 level significance. Rainfall 3-month based January-February-March (JFM) period Kajoran station have negative significant trend with magnitude 19.4 mm/3-month. Mendut station have positive trend for April-May-June (AMJ) period with magnitude 6.75 mm/3-month. No significant trends at 0.05 level significance using MK trend test were detected in annual rainfall for 6 rainfall stations.

scholarly journals Long term rainfall trend over meteorological sub divisions and districts of India

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 439-450
Author(s):  
SURINDER KAUR ◽  
SUMANT KUMAR DIWAKAR ◽  
ASHOK KUMAR DAS
Keyword(s):  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Rainfall Analysis ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Long Term Trend ◽  
Agriculture Water

In this paper the long term trend of annual and seasonal rainfall over different districts, Meteorological (Met.) sub-divisions and whole India have been studied using the long term rainfall data for the period from 1901 to 2013. The changes in amount and pattern of rainfall have a significant impact on agriculture, water resources management and overall economy of the country. Mann-Kendall test is applied to check the significance of the trend. Linear Regression and Theil-Sen’s non parametric test has been applied to estimate the trend. The study is carried out for 632 districts and 34 sub divisions of India by utilizing the gridded rainfall data (0.25° × 0.25°) over the main land except Andaman & Nicobar and Lakshadweep islands. Many authors have studied that extreme events are increasing but there is no trend in Pan India’s rainfall. It is observed from the annual rainfall analysis 10% of the number of districts are showing significant increasing trend and 13% significant decreasing (mainly in Uttar Pradesh) trend whereas irrespective of high and low rainfall regions, 10% area of the country is showing significant increasing trend and 8% of the area of the country showing significant decreasing trend in annual rainfall. In Meteorological Sub divisions, east & west UP are showing significant negative trend and some of the coastal sub divisions are showing positive trend. It is also observed that the country’s rainfall is not showing any trend.

scholarly journals Rainfall Trend And Seasonality Estimation For Marathwada Region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Himanshu Bana ◽  
R. D Garg
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Negative Trend ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Rainfall Trend ◽  
Estimation Process ◽  
Sen’S Slope ◽  
Slope Estimation

Abstract The present research work conducts a seasonality and trend analysis of rainfall over the 8 districts of the Marathwada region India. The study is carried out for the last 39 years ranging from 1980 to 2018. The rainfall data analysed pertains to pre-monsoon season, monsoon season (Kharif), and annual. The trend has been estimated using Sen’s slope estimation process along with Mann-Kendal test. It was observed that the all the Eight districts of the region show a negative trend in the annual rainfall received. Nanded district showed the largest negative trend in the annual rainfall. Out of eight districts seven districts of the region show a decline in rainfall during the monsoon season. The district of Nanded showed largest decline in the rainfall received during monsoon season. The present research work concludes with discussion on possible causes of such estimated trends.

scholarly journals THE SPACING REQUIREMENT OF COCONUTS ON ATOLLS: RESULTS FROM FOUR SYSTEMATIC SPACING TRIALS IN KIRIBATI

CORD ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 12 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
J. J. F. BARR ◽  
K. TREWREN
Keyword(s):  
Planting Density ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
The Republic

Four systematic spacing trials were planted between 1969 and 1973 on three islands in the Republic of Kiribati which have contrasting regimes of rainfall, in order to investigate the spacing requirements of coconuts in relation to rainfall (under atoll conditions). Two of the trials are on Kiritimati, which has an annual average rainfall of only 870 mm; one is on Tarawa which receives 2043 mm, and the fourth is on Butaritari which receives 3185 mm. Three of the trials are in the form of an almost complete wheel, whilst the fourth consists off our fan-shaped sectors. The range of planting densities in all trials was from 126 to, 632palms per hectare, in 12 treatments.   Due to discontinuity of staff only one of the trials on Kiritimati was recorded during the period in which the coconuts came into, bearing but this showed fairly clearly that there is a relationship between precocity and planting density, with the palms coming into production earlier at the wider spacing.   During the period of maximum cropping of the palms the optimum planting density under conditions of 870 mm annual rainfall is outside of the range of densities covered by the trials, and somewhat less than 126 palms per hectare.

scholarly journals POTENTIAL CONSTRAINT OF RAINFALL AVAILABILITY ON THE ESTABLISHMENT AND EXPANSION OF AGROFORESTRY IN THE MOPANI DISTRICT, LIMPOPO PROVINCE IN SOUTH AFRICA

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Phokele MAPONYA ◽  
Casper MADAKADZE ◽  
Nokwazi MBILI ◽  
Zakheleni DUBE ◽  
Thabo NKUNA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Sweet Potatoes ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Average Annual Rainfall ◽  
Average Rainfall

Agroforestry is a land use system that includes the use of woody perennial and agricultural crops and animals in combination to achieve beneficial ecological and economical interactions for food, fiber and livestock production. South Africa is considered a semi – arid country vulnerable to water stress, particularly drought. Limpopo Province average annual rainfall is 600mm and the threshold for rainfall agriculture is averaged at 250mm annually. In terms of forestry, rainfall needs to be higher than 750mm per annum to sustain commercial forestry. The objective of the study was to determine the potential constraint of rainwater on the establishment and expansion of agroforestry in Mopani district, Limpopo Province. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 62 agrosilviculture community growers and were spread on the 20ha SAFCOL forestland and each grower was allocated a row of 3226m2 (1ha = 10000m2; 20ha * 10000 = 200000m2/62) for production. Quantitative and qualitative designs were used. The results were based on the month the data collection started: September 2019 rainfall results indicated that there was generally good rainfall (25 - 50mm) in the agroforestry sites as compared to the agricultural open field areas. October 2019 rainfall situation improved with an increase in rainfall (51 - 100mm). During November and December 2019, increasing rainfall was experienced at 100 - 200mm and 175 - 250mm, respectively. The last three rainfall status (33rd, median and 66th percentiles) indicated the estimates of rainfall in the future years. It estimated annual rainfalls at 601 and +1000mm; +1000mm and +1000mm across 33rd, 50th and 66th percentiles, respectively. This rainfall situation is well above the Limpopo Province annual average rainfall, agriculture and forestry thresholds. Currently, the eucalyptus trees were integrated with other crops including maize, sweet potatoes, groundnuts and bambara nuts. It is thus recommended that the establishment and expansion of agroforestry be carried out in the identified suitable areas.

scholarly journals Variation of temperature and rainfall at Patna

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-168
Author(s):  
VIVEKANAND SINGH ◽  
ANSHUMAN SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Kendall Test ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Annual Maximum ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Annual Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
The City ◽  
Maximum Daily Rainfall ◽  
Rainy Days

In this paper, the variation of temperature and rainfall at Patna are analysed using simple non-parametric tests. The trends in the annual maximum and minimum daily temperatures, annual rainfall, annual maximum daily rainfall, number of rainy days in a year, the annual average rainfall per rainy day and the ratio of maximum to average rainfall per rainy day at Patna have been examined. Tends in total monthly rainfall, Highest daily rainfall in a month and number of rainy days in a month have also been determined for every month in a year. The monthly trends of data using simple Mann-Kendall test indicated statistically significant changes in rainfall pattern for the city.

scholarly journals Analysis of weekly rainfall of different period during rainy season over Safdarjung airport of Delhi for 20th century – A study on trend, decile and decadal analysis

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-204
Author(s):  
RAMESH CHAND ◽  
U.P. SINGH ◽  
Y.P. SINGH ◽  
P.A. KORE
Keyword(s):  
Trend Analysis ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Coefficient Variation ◽  
Positive Tendency ◽  
Average Rainfall ◽  
Very High

The analysis of weekly rainfall and of different period during rainy season of Safdarjang airport using techniques like trend and decile have been attempted. Decadal analysis is also attempted to see any changes during the entire period. Rainy season is defined as rainfall received from week no. 23rd to 38th. Weekly rainfall data for period 1901 to 2000 is utilized for this location. As week is a shorter period to analyze rainfall for the season groups of different periods consisting of 4 weeks such as 1-4 as ‘A’, 5-8 as ‘B’ and so on up to ‘D’ is formed. For study of progressive season combination of groups such as ‘A+B’, A+B+C and ‘A+B+C+D’ are also subjected to analysis as done for weekly as well for group. The average weekly rainfall distribution indicates very high positive value of coefficient of correlation (0.94) significant at 1% level. The coefficient variation (C.V.) of weekly average rainfall shows consistency from decade 5th to 8th and 10th. Profile of average C.V. of weekly rainfall for 100 years shows consistency from week 4 to 11. Week no. 8 shows peak of rainfall. Overall decile analysis of weekly rainfall shows increasing tendency from week no. 1 to 8 for all deciles and then decreasing tendency from week no. 9 on words for all decile values. Trend analysis of group ‘C’ shows significant positive tendency with correlation as +0.20 significant at 5% level. However trend analysis of deciles of all groups shows very high C.C. around +0.95 at 1% level. Trend analysis of combination of groups shows positive trend for A+B+C and for A+B+C+D with a C.C. of 0.25 and 0.20 at 5% level. Trend of deciles for these groups also shows very high C.C. values around +0.95 at 1% level. Average, excess and deficient rainfall seen at Safdarjung airport is 5th, 7th and 4th decile with values as 594, 708 and 472 mm respectively. Analysis of two halves of century, viz., 1901-50 and 1951-2000 shows no significant trend.

scholarly journals Rainfall pattern and erosion potential in the physiographic regions of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 849-853
Author(s):  
Antonio G. Pinheiro ◽  
Thais E. M. dos S. Souza ◽  
Suzana M. G. L. Montenegro ◽  
Abelardo A. de A. Montenegro ◽  
Sérgio M. S. Guerra
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Rainfall Pattern ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Rainfall Erosivity ◽  
Annual Average ◽  
Erosivity Index ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Physiographic Regions

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to characterize the spatial and temporal (2000-2015) rainfall pattern variability and erosive potential in the different physiographic regions of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Rainfall data series (3 to 12 years) from 25 weather stations of the state were analyzed. Erosive rainfall events (more than 10 mm depth) were considered to evaluate the annual erosivity index, monthly erosivity index (EI30), rainfall erosivity factor (R), and rainfall pattern. The inverse distance weighting (IDW) - inverse of the square of the distance - was used to create spatial interpolation and develop maps. The rainfall data from the weather stations showed average annual rainfall of 827 mm and average erosivity of 4,784 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The Metropolitan region of Pernambuco presented the highest rainfall erosivity index, with annual average of 9,704 MJ mm ha-1 h-1; and the Sertão do São Francisco region had the lowest, with annual average of 4,902 MJ mm ha-1 h-1. The state of Pernambuco presented advanced (42%), intermediate (38%), and delayed (20%) rainfall patterns.

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