scholarly journals Aerial parts of cassava as partial replacement for feed concentrates in the diet of lambs raised in semi-confinement

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 943
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Pereira ◽  
Luís Carlos Vinhas Itavo ◽  
Rodrigo Gonçalves Mateus ◽  
Eduardo Souza Leal ◽  
Urbano Gomes Pinto Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Male Group ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Cost

This study aimed to evaluate the performance and economic viability of including the aerial parts of cassava (PAM) in the feed of semi-confined lambs for partial reduction of food concentrates. Fifty-six sheep, including males and females of the Pantaneira genetic group weighing 18.84 ± 2.02 kg on an average were used. The experiment was conducted in a factorial randomized complete block design with four treatments, each with seven females and seven males. Each group of 14 animals received one of four treatments: control, 10% of food concentrate in diet replaced with PAM, 20% replaced with PAM, and 30% replaced with PAM. The average total gain in weight (GWT) of the male lambs was 26.89% higher than the gains observed in females. Based on the cost analysis, we observed a linear effect (P < 0.01), i.e., a decrease in the feed cost for male and female groups with increase in PAM content. For the study period, the expenditure for the control male group was the highest at $ 17.60 per animal. Expenditure for the PAM 30 male group was the lowest at $ 12.74 per animal. These figures reflect the actual operating costs (COE), i.e., the power is 75.78% and 74.77%, for male and female groups respectively. The total cost, decreased linearly (P < 0.05) with PAM 30 treatment costing the least at $ 47.90, which was $ 7.02 lower than the control. When assessing the net margin per kilogram among the female groups, we observed a quadratic effect (P < 0.01) with a maximum gain of 23.98% when adding PAM and $ 0.50 kg-1. Our results show that the raising of lambs in semi-confinement was economically viable, and the addition of the aerial part of processed cassava in the feed presented a higher economic return. Further, the addition of aerial parts of cassava did not affect the performance of the lambs.

Territorial behaviour in southern red-backed and Ozark zigzag salamanders: effects of sex, species and ownership

Behaviour ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 156 (10) ◽  
pp. 1017-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colton S. Lynn ◽  
Benjamin Dalton ◽  
Alicia Mathis
Keyword(s):  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Territorial Behaviour ◽  
Defensive Behaviour ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Competitive Behaviour ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Cost

Abstract When both males and females are territorial, spatial and aggressive behaviour can vary between the sexes. We examined differences in exploratory and competitive behaviour between males and females and residents and intruders of two species, the Ozark zigzag (P. angusticlavius) and southern red-backed (P. serratus) salamanders. For exploratory behaviour, males and females differed in distance traveled based on species, but females of both species were significantly more cautious than males about leaving territories. In competition trials, male and female territory residents (owners) did not differ in defensive behaviour, but female intruders were more aggressive than male intruders. Overall, P. angusticlavius showed more aggressive behaviour, explored more, and were less cautious about leaving territories than P. serratus. Female intruders of both species fight harder, potentially to gain territories, and are more cautious about leaving territories, which may indicate that the cost of not having a territory is greater for females.

scholarly journals Growth and Yield of Different Varieties of True Shallot Seed on Highland in West Sumatra, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Atman ◽  
Irfan Suliansyah ◽  
Aswaldi Anwar ◽  
Syafrimen Yasin
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Yield Component ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Yield Potential

Cultivation of true shallot seeds has the potential to be developed in Indonesia because apart from being able to reduce the cost of providing seeds, it also has higher productivity than shallot from tubers. This study aims to determine the appearance of true shallot seed varieties that have high yield potential in the highlands of West Sumatra. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of true shallot seed varieties, namely, Trisula, Bima, Lokananta, and Sanren, with 6 replications. The results showed that except for the age of harvest and the number of tubers per hill, the treatment of various varieties of true shallot seeds showed a significant effect on all observed variables. Lokananta variety has better growth component, yield component, and yields compared to other varieties (Trisula, Bima, and Sanren). Cultivation of true shallot seeds in the highlands gives lower yields than in the adapted area (lowland), except for the Trisula variety. Lokananta variety is recommended for use in the highlands of West Sumatra.

scholarly journals A Preliminary Study on Reducing the Dosage of Chemical Fertiliser by using Empty Fruit Bunch as Soil Amendment on the Growth of Choy Sum

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jiunn Luh Tan ◽  
Kok Yu Ang ◽  
Min Hui Chow ◽  
Eunice Ting Yee Lee ◽  
Kuan Hoong Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Vegetable Farmers ◽  
Growth Difference ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Chemical Fertiliser

Palm oil production results in many valuable products, but it also generates agricultural wastes such as empty fruit bunch (EFB). EFB composting usually produces nutrient-enriched bio-fertilisers and thus, able to help in reducing the chemical fertilisers applied. Most conventional vegetable farmers in Malaysia solely depend on chemical fertilisers in crop production. However, the intensive use of chemical fertilisers has led to various side effects. Thus, this study was to determine the effect on the growth of choy sum by reducing the dosage of chemical fertiliser with EFB compost as soil amendments. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods were used in this study. The fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of the choy sum were found to be not significantly different among all the treatments (T1 – T4) and positive control. This study found that T4 with 30% lesser chemical fertiliser applied showed no significant growth difference with the rest of the treatments indicating that EFB may have the ability to help in reducing chemical fertiliser usage in the growth of choy sum. Further study is recommended as this will help in better EFB waste management and lowering the cost of production for local vegetables.

scholarly journals Increasing hay inclusion in silage-based receiving diets and its effects on performance and energy utilization in newly weaned beef steers

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 848-853
Author(s):  
Dathan T Smerchek ◽  
Elizabeth M Buckhaus ◽  
Katie D Miller ◽  
Zachary K Smith
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Red Angus

Abstract The influence of grass hay (GH) inclusion in replacement of corn silage in receiving diets on growth performance and dietary net energy (NE) utilization was evaluated in newly weaned beef steers (n = 162 Charolais-Red Angus cross steers; initial body weight [BW] = 278 ± 13.4 kg). Treatments were (DM basis): 1) 0% GH, 2) 10% GH, or 3) 20% GH inclusion in replacement of corn silage in receiving diets fed to newly weaned beef steers for 56 d. The study was conducted from October to December of 2019. Data were analyzed as randomized complete block design with pen serving as the experimental unit for all analyses. Increasing dietary inclusion of hay had no influence (P ≥ 0.11) on final BW, ADG, gain:feed or observed/expected dietary NEM and NEG, observed/expected dry matter intake (DMI), or observed/expected ADG. GH inclusion increased (linear effect, P = 0.01) DMI. Observed DMI for all treatments was approximately 15% to 17% less than anticipated based upon steer growth performance and tabular NE values. Evaluation of observed/expected ADG was 31% to 37% greater than expected for the steers in the present study. Particles less than 4 mm increased (linear effect, P = 0.01) and greater than 4 mm decreased (linear effect, P = 0.01) as GH replaced corn silage in the receiving diet. As the proportion of particles greater than 4 mm increased, cumulative ADG was decreased. These data indicate that GH should be considered in corn silage-based receiving diets to improve DMI. In high-risk calves, improved DMI could result in a lesser incidence of morbidity, although no morbidity was observed in any steers from the present study.

scholarly journals The Cost of Mating: Influences of Life History Traits and Mating Strategies on Lifespan in Two Closely RelatedYponomeutaSpecies

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Bakker ◽  
J. Campos Louçã ◽  
P. Roessingh ◽  
S. B. J. Menken
Keyword(s):  
Life History Traits ◽  
Mating Strategies ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Dramatic Reduction ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Mating Population ◽  
Mating Opportunities ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Female Lifespan

Theory predicts that in monandrous butterfly species males should not invest in a long lifespan because receptive females quickly disappear from the mating population. In polyandrous species, however, it pays for males to invest in longevity, which increases the number of mating opportunities and thus reproductive fitness. We tested an extension of this idea and compared male and female lifespan of two closely relatedYponomeutaspecies with different degree of polyandry. Our results confirmed the theoretical prediction that male lifespan is fine-tuned to female receptive lifespan; once-mated males and females of both polyandrous species had an equal lifespan. However, the degree of polyandry was not reflected in male relative to female lifespan. The observed similar female and male lifespan could largely be attributed to a dramatic reduction of female lifespan after mating.

scholarly journals Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Effects on Mice of Flavonoids, Linalool, and -Tocopherol Presents in the Extract of Leaves ofCissus sicyoidesL. (Vitaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edvaldo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
Krissia Rayane de Oliveira Rafael ◽  
Geraldo Bosco Lindoso Couto ◽  
Ana Beatriz Matos Ishigami
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Plus Maze ◽  
Sodium Pentobarbital ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Plus Maze ◽  
Marble Burying ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Behavioral Assays ◽  
Anticonvulsant Effects

The aim of the present study is to demonstrate the anxiolytic and anticonvulsant effects of a hydroalcoholic extract obtained from the aerial parts ofCissus sicyoidesL. (CS) (Vitaceae) on male and female mice using several behavioral assays. Groups of males and females treated via intraperitoneal (IP) with doses of 300, 600, and 1000 mg/kg of the extract showed significant action in the elevated plus-maze (EPM), time spent in the open arms, and number of entries in the open arms. The board-hole test also showed a significant increase in the time spent in head-dipping and in marble-burying test of the number of marbles buried. The same treatment increased the duration of sleeping time induced by sodium pentobarbital and also showed a significant increase in protection against pentylenotetrazole-induced convulsions. These results indicate an anxiolytic and anticonvulsant-like action fromC. sicyoidesL. extract on mice, probably due to the action of flavonoid(s), Linalool, and -tocopherol present in theC. sicyoidesleaves.

scholarly journals The Effect of Methyl Eugenol Block Plus on Bactrocera dorsalis Complex Total Captured in Chili Plantation

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-70
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Wahyu Daradjat Natawigena ◽  
Luciana Djaya ◽  
Tohidin Tohidin ◽  
Fauza Saputra
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Methyl Eugenol ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Important Pest

Fruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are an important pest for horticultural crops, especially fruits and vegetables. One of the most effective and eco-friendly methods to control male and female fruit flies is by usingtraps that use Methyl Eugenol (ME) block plus fruit essence as an attractant. The purposes of this research were to acquire the most effective formulation of ME Block plus fruit essence to catch the most male and female fruit flies on the chili plantation and to detremine the increase in total of fruit flies caught. This research started from December 2017 to January 2018 at Cibeureum Village, Sukamantri District, Ciamis Regency, West Java Province. The research was conducted using a randomized block design consisting of 8 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatments consisted of adding fruit essence to the ME block: 2 ml of ME on cotton; 2 ml of ME block; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of mango essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of orange essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of guava essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of star fruit essence; 2 ml of ME block + 4 ml of chili essence; Antilat (Organic pesticide) as a comparison. The results showed that ME block plus fruit essence has increased the total of male fruit flies caught, but it did not attract female fruit flies. The best combinations with the highest average of male fruit flies caught were ME block plus orange essence with 750.67/5 week, followed by ME block plus chili essence with 746.00/5 week

scholarly journals Study on the Attractiveness of Fruit Flies Bactrocera spp. to Mango Fruit’s Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Oka Dwi Handaru ◽  
Witjaksono Witjaksono ◽  
Edhi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Oviposition Site ◽  
Pest Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Major Pest

Fruit fly (Bactrocera spp.) is a global major pest species of the fruit export and import activities. The controlling and monitoring strategies based on the ecology of fruit flies were expected to overcome the problem of fruit flies. The study on the attractant compound of fruit flies from mango extract  may provide an alternative to control and to monitor fruit flies, both male or female. This research was aimed to determine the strength of attractiveness (number and type of species) and durability (day) on mango extract which could attract fruit flies. The experiment was conducted in mango plantation in Sragen Regency using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with five different locations for setting up the trap, each location consisted of nine treatments. The parameter observations were the number of trapped-fruit flies, the sex of fruit flies, the type of species fruit flies, and the durability of mango extract. The results revealed that mango extract could attract the male and female fruit flies with mechanism through the presence of nutrition and oviposition site. Extract of raw Pakel mango had a good ability to attract fruit flies, either male or female of B. carambolae and B. papaya, and male of B. albistrigata with a total of 15 flies per trap in one week.

scholarly journals Reproduction performance of sows inseminated with stress gene-free semen given probiotic- supplemented feed

2020 ◽  
pp. 163-173
Author(s):  
Julius Abela
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Yeast Cells ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Herbal Extracts ◽  
Probiotic Supplementation ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Free Gene ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Stress Gene

This study generally aimed to assess the effect of supplementation with various levels of a novel product containing probiotic and yeast cells, a feed enzyme, short-chain oligosaccharides, and herbal extracts (Farmer Peck’s Performance Booster®) and the use of halothane free gene semen on two successive parities in sows in selected farms in Leyte. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) with treatment used in T0 – (in-feed antibiotics, Og probiotic/kilogram feed and Al using semen from farm’s boar); T1 – (0 antibiotics, 2g probiotic/kilogram feed and Al with halothane free gene semen) and T2 – (0 antibiotics, 3g probiotic/kilogram feed and Al with halothane free gene semen). The study results showed that sow-litter performance of artificially inseminated sows using halothane free gene semen in two farrowing seasons was significantly higher in T1 and T2 groups than that of To group as affected by probiotic supplementation. Probiotic supplementation, both at 2g kg-1 (T1) and 3g kg-1 (T2) of feed is effective in improving both litter and sow performance. The cost of using halothane free gene semen for Al is less as compared to using semen from the farm’s boar, and the cost of using probiotic at two levels as feed additive is relatively lower than using antibiotics based on the pre-weaning mortality, litter size, and litter weight at weaning. The use of halothane free gene semen can now be widely used in the different piggery farms. Including the use of probiotic supplement for both the sows and piglets.

scholarly journals FABRICATION AND TESTING OF A SEMI-MANUALLY OPERATED FISH SCALE REMOVER

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
Michael Dave B. Ablazo ◽  
Richelle O. Ampuan ◽  
Rommel P. Noble ◽  
Benjamin D. Varela
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Payback Period ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Fish Scale ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Medium Speed ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
The Cost

Commercial fish scale removers are very expensive.  This study was conducted in order to fabricate and test the performance of a low cost, stand-alone semi-manually operated fish scale remover.  The randomized complete block design (RCBD) quasi-experiment was used to test the capacity and efficiency of the semi-manually operated fish scale remover.  Three (3) different kinds of fish in Northern Samar (Bangus, Sagision and Kirawan) with three (3) different sizes of scales (Large, Medium and Small) were used in the testing of the fabricated fish scale remover at three (3) different speeds of the scaling drum (High, Medium and Low).  The results revealed that the higher the speed of the scaling drum, the higher is the scaling capacity of the manually-operated fish scale remover.  Likewise, the bigger the scales of fish being descaled, the higher is the scaling capacity of the manually-operated fish scale remover.  The average scaling capacity of the fish scale remover is higher than the average scaling capacity of an experienced fish vendors for kirawan and sagision but is lower than that of the experienced fish vendors for bangus.  On the other hand, the average scaling efficiencies of the machine for all the fish used in testing the machine were highest at medium speed setting of the scaling drum.  The cost and return analysis on the operation of the semi-manually operated fish scale remover revealed that it will have an annual net income of P 48,724.37, a payback period of 50 days, and a rate of return of 3.82.   The actual cost of constructing the semi-manually operated fish scale remover is ₱ 12,756.00.

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