A Preliminary Study on Reducing the Dosage of Chemical Fertiliser by using Empty Fruit Bunch as Soil Amendment on the Growth of Choy Sum

Palm oil production results in many valuable products, but it also generates agricultural wastes such as empty fruit bunch (EFB). EFB composting usually produces nutrient-enriched bio-fertilisers and thus, able to help in reducing the chemical fertilisers applied. Most conventional vegetable farmers in Malaysia solely depend on chemical fertilisers in crop production. However, the intensive use of chemical fertilisers has led to various side effects. Thus, this study was to determine the effect on the growth of choy sum by reducing the dosage of chemical fertiliser with EFB compost as soil amendments. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) methods were used in this study. The fresh weight, dry weight and plant height of the choy sum were found to be not significantly different among all the treatments (T1 – T4) and positive control. This study found that T4 with 30% lesser chemical fertiliser applied showed no significant growth difference with the rest of the treatments indicating that EFB may have the ability to help in reducing chemical fertiliser usage in the growth of choy sum. Further study is recommended as this will help in better EFB waste management and lowering the cost of production for local vegetables.

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Biomass and Sugar Content of Some Varieties of Sorghum (Sorghum Bicolor L. Moench) on Dry Land Forest as Feedstock Bioethanol

MATEC Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/matecconf/201816401035 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 164 ◽

pp. 01035 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani ◽

Sri Rahayu ◽

Luluk Sulistiyo Budi ◽

Anggi Nindita ◽

Peeyush Soni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomass Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Sustainable Use ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Raw Material ◽

Dry Land ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

High Sugar Content ◽

Selection Of

The possibility of sustainable use of sorghum as raw material for bioethanol needs to be supported by evaluation and selection of sorghum varieties for high biomass production and sugar content. An experiment was conducted on forest dry land , altitude 63 m asl. This research aimed to determine the interaction of sorghum varieties and mycorrhiza on biomass production and the high sugar content. The experiment was a two factor (varieties and dosage of mycorrhiza plus) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The varieties were Suri 3, Kawali, Super 2, Suri 4. Dosage of mycorrhiza plus (5, 10, 15) g per plant. The interaction only significant on a number of internodes and bagasse. There are no effects of dosages mycorrhiza plus, however, varieties of sorghum have significant effects on many variables measured. The highest amount of biomass include the stem height (301.28 cm), stem Dry Weight (DW) is 23.48 t ha-1, leaf DW (4.65 t ha-1), panicle DW (11.35 t ha-1) and biomass DW (39.98 t ha-1) were obtained in varieties Super 2. Sugar content (16.93 %) was obtained in varieties Suri 3 and juice production (2 742.86 L ha-1) in varieties Suri 4.

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Growth and Yield of Different Varieties of True Shallot Seed on Highland in West Sumatra, Indonesia

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2021/5563128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Atman ◽

Irfan Suliansyah ◽

Aswaldi Anwar ◽

Syafrimen Yasin

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Yield Component ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Yield Potential ◽

High Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

West Sumatra ◽

The Cost ◽

High Yield Potential

Cultivation of true shallot seeds has the potential to be developed in Indonesia because apart from being able to reduce the cost of providing seeds, it also has higher productivity than shallot from tubers. This study aims to determine the appearance of true shallot seed varieties that have high yield potential in the highlands of West Sumatra. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 4 treatments of true shallot seed varieties, namely, Trisula, Bima, Lokananta, and Sanren, with 6 replications. The results showed that except for the age of harvest and the number of tubers per hill, the treatment of various varieties of true shallot seeds showed a significant effect on all observed variables. Lokananta variety has better growth component, yield component, and yields compared to other varieties (Trisula, Bima, and Sanren). Cultivation of true shallot seeds in the highlands gives lower yields than in the adapted area (lowland), except for the Trisula variety. Lokananta variety is recommended for use in the highlands of West Sumatra.

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Yield performance of the cocoa clones of Sca 6 and DRC 15 resistant to vascular-streak dieback

Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) ◽

10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v25i2.131 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 25 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Agung Wahyu Susilo ◽

Surip Mawardi ◽

Sudarsianto Sudarsianto

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Quality Standard ◽

Fat Content ◽

Yield Potential ◽

Yield Performance ◽

Stability Performance ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Good Potential ◽

Theobroma Cacao L

Selection on cocoa resistance to vascular-streak dieback (VSD) has identified some resistant clones for breeding purposes. Of the resistant clones, it was selected Sca 6 and DRC 15 which performing good potential for yield. This paper reports results on testing yield potential of the clones in separate trials. Sca 6 was tested in Kottablater Estate (dry climate in the altitude of ± 25 m asl.) and DRC 15 was tested in Mumbulsari Estate (dry climate in the altitude of ± 45 m asl.) both are in Jember. Trials were arranged in the randomized complete block design with 4 blocks. Evaluation for yield performance was conducted during 6 years of harvest and stability performance was analyzed in regression term using year of harvest as the index. The results indicate the yield potential of the clones was quite similar in the level of 1.4 kg/plant and performing stability during evaluation and good adaptability in the location. The yield potential was lower than the high yielding clones but use of Sca 6 and DRC 15 in heavily infasted VSD area should be considered than using of the susceptible clones. Sca 6 performed low potential on a dry-weight bean in the range of 0.65—0.86 g (class C of quality standard) but better performance could be found in the wet area. DRC 15 performed good potential on a dryweight bean of 1.16 g (class AA of quality standard). Fat content analysis of Sca 6 indicate a better performance of beans which grown up in the wet area (58.2%) than in the dry area (49.6%). It was reported the fat content potential of DRC 15 in the level of 50.4%. Key words: Yield performance, vascular-streak dieback, resistant clone, Theobroma cacao L.

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INFLUENCE OF COLD TREATMENT, CO2 LEVEL, AND TEMPERATURE ON VEGETABLE TRANSPLANT QUALITY

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.27.6.641f ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 27 (6) ◽

pp. 641f-641

Author(s):

Wenwei Jia ◽

L.A. Weston ◽

J. Buxton

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Cold Treatment ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Flower Formation ◽

Tomato Seedlings ◽

Mature Flower ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Temperature Levels

Tomato and pepper seedlings were grown in six controlled environmental chambers with three different temperature levels (high:24/16°C, medium:20/12°C, and low:16/8°C) and two CO2 levels (1500 ppm and ambient) after cotyledons had unfolded. After 4 weeks, seedlings were planted into 15 cm pots. After 4 weeks, another set were transplanted to the field on 5/13 and arranged with 4 replications in a randomized complete block design. Only temperature treatment had a significant influence on the number of flowers developed in greenhouse experiments. However, for field transplanted seedlings, CO2 enrichment had a significant effect on flower formation and increased total flower numbers and fruit numbers in the early growth stages in field. Temperature also influenced seedling height. In other experiments, cold treatments were given to tomato and pepper seedlings. Seedlings were treated with 13°C temperatures for 0, 1 or 2 weeks after cotyledons unfolded. Results indicate that tomato seedlings with either 1 or 2 weeks of cold treatment had greater dry weight and leaf numbers and larger and more mature flower buds than those given no cold treatment. Pepper seedlings receiving 2 weeks of cold treatment showed similar increases compared to those receiving 0 or 1 weeks of cold treatment. The earliest flower initials were observed microscopically when tomato had only one visible leaf and pepper had 8 or 9 visible leaves. These results indicate that cold treatments should be started as soon as the cotyledons have unfolded to hasten flower formation.

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Impact of paddy straw mulch on germination and growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seedlings and associated weeds in nursery

Journal of Spices and Aromatic Crops ◽

10.25081/josac.2020.v29.i2.6249 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 148-152

Author(s):

A. S. Brar ◽

P. K. Sraw ◽

B. S. Dhillon

Keyword(s):

Retention Time ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Apium Graveolens ◽

Full Time ◽

Paddy Straw ◽

Straw Mulch ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

And Control ◽

Germination And Growth

A study was undertaken during three consecutive rabi seasons of 2014–15 to 2016–17 at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to determine the effect of paddy straw mulch load and retention time on the germination and growth of celery and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments viz., paddy straw mulch @ 4 and 6 t ha-1 with retention time of 15, 20, 25 days after sowing (DAS), full time retention (60 DAS), and control (without mulch). The results indicated that application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 significantly improved the germination of celery in nursery as compared to no mulch treatment but retention of paddy straw mulch beyond 20 days after sowing suppressed the celery seedlings adversely resulting in lowering seedling population as well as fresh and dry weight of celery seedlings. Application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 resulted in significantly lower density and dry weight of weeds as compared to control. Further, each successive increase in retention time of paddy straw mulch from 15 DAS to full time retention (60 DAS) through 20 and 25 DAS significantly reduced the weed population in celery nursery.

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The Effects of Organic Fertilizer and Planting Type on Growth and Yield of Curcuma aromatica

Indian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.18805/ijare.a-664 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Trinh Thi Ben ◽

Le Nguyen Tu Linh ◽

Tran Thi Linh Giang ◽

Vu Quang Dao ◽

Nguyen Thi Tu Oanh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Coating ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Block Design ◽

Organic Fertilizer ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Content Area ◽

Growth And Yield ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Effect Of Surface

Background: Curcuma aromatica Salisb is an important medicinal herb in Vietnam. It is exploited naturally, so its production is limited and in danger of extinction. Studying an organic farming model is a necessary orientation to exploit, conserve and provide quality raw materials. Methods: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of surface coating types (A1: without coating, A2: straw coating and A3: polymer coating) and organic fertilizer amount (B1: 0; B1: 15, B2: 20, B3: 25 and B4: 30 ton ha-1) on growth and yield of Curcuma aromatica Salisb. The experiment was designed in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The traits studied were: survival plant’s rate (%), leaf area (cm2), plant height (cm), number of leaves, fresh weight (g/plant), dry weight (g/plant), phenolic content/area (mg/20 m2), curcumol content/area (mg/20 m2). Result: The results of the experiment revealed that surface coating types and organic fertilization and their interaction were significant in growth and yield of Curcuma aromatica Salisb.

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Postemergence Control of Phyllanthus urinaria by Prodiamine and Phytotoxicity to Ornamentals

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.32.3.429d ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 429D-429

Author(s):

James H. Aldrich ◽

Jeffrey G. Norcini

Keyword(s):

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phyllanthus Urinaria ◽

Overhead Irrigation ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Weight Analysis ◽

Hand Weeding ◽

Delayed Flowering ◽

Over The Top ◽

Leaf Distortion

Postemergence control of Phyllanthus urinaria L. (chamberbitter) in nursery and landscape plantings has been primarily limited to hand-weeding. Prodiamine was evaluated for postemergence control of chamberbitter and phytotoxicity to containerized ornamentals. On 20 June 1995, prodiamine at 0, 1.68, 3.36, or 6.72 kg a.i./ha was applied over-the-top to immature chamberbitter growing in 3.8-L containers of established Buddleia davidii Franch. `White Bouquet' Cuphea hyssopifolia HBK. `Desert Snow', Lantana camara L. `Irene', and Lantana montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. `Lavender Weeping'. Weed-free checks were included. Applications were made with a compressed air backpack sprayer. There were four replications per treatment placed in a randomized complete block design by species. Plants were established and maintained on a container bed under full sun and overhead irrigation. Growth of and phytotoxicity to the ornamentals species, and percent coverage and number of chamberbitter, were recorded periodically for 14 weeks after treatment (WAT). Chamberbitter shoots were harvested for dry weight analysis 14 WAT. Prodiamine provided some postemergence control of chamberbitter. However, Cuphea and both Lantana species exhibited leaf distortion and/or delayed flowering.

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Morfofisiologi Ratun Padi Sistem Tanam Benih Langsung di Lahan Pasang Surut

Jurnal Agronomi Indonesia (Indonesian Journal of Agronomy) ◽

10.24831/jai.v44i3.12908 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 44 (3) ◽

pp. 228 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Evriani Mareza ◽

Zainal Ridho Djafar ◽

Rujito Agus Suwignyo ◽

Dan Andi Wijaya

Keyword(s):

Leaf Area ◽

Crop Production ◽

Block Design ◽

Soil Surface ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Direct Seeding ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Tidal Swamp ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Cutting Height

ABSTRACT The morphophysiology of ratoon is different from the main plant of rice and was influenced by location and cultivation.This research was intended to evaluate morphophysiology characters of rice ratoon planted by direct seeding system in tidal swamp at various stubble cutting height. The experiment was conducted in November 2013-April 2014 at tidal swamp overflow type B in Telang Sari Village, District of Tanjung Lago, Banyuasin, South Sumatra Province. The experiment used randomized block design with 5 replications. Treatment was stubble cutting height 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 cm above the soil surface. Rice was planted at 4 m x 5 m plot, the distance between plot 1 m. Data were analyzed by test of variance and 5% HSD test. Morphophysiological characters of rice ratoon were influenced by stubble cutting height. Cutting height of 20-40 cm above soil surface increased the ratoon number of tillers per hill, leaf area per hill, dry weight per hill, percentage of empty grains per panicle, grain weight per hill and percentage ratoon/main crop production per hill. The higher stubble cutting, the lower the number of leaves per tiller, leaf area per tiller, carbohydrate content, and number of grains per panicle of ratoon, however it accelerated age of flowering and harvesting. Keywords: direct seeding system, ratoon system, rice growth and production, stubble cutting height

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EFFECTS OF MYCORRHIZAE, MEDIA AND CONTAINER TYPE ON THE GROWTH OF GREEN PEPPER AND LETTUCE TRANSPLANTS

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.26.6.709b ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 26 (6) ◽

pp. 709B-709 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ray A. Watson ◽

Katrine A. Stewart ◽

Valentin Furlan

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Leaf Area ◽

Block Design ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

Green Pepper ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Container Type

The effects of two mycorrhizal species (Glomus versiforme and Glomus intraradix) and a control on the growth of green pepper, Capsicum annuum, and lettuce, Lactuca sativa, seedlings have been evaluated using four types of growing media (Peatwool, Fafard bulk mix. Cornell mix and a compost based mix) and two types of containers, Cell Packs (125 cc volume) and Pro-Trays (65 cc volume) for green pepper and Cell Packs (125 cc volume) and Plug Flats (33 cc volume) for lettuce. The experiments were split plot randomized Complete block design with 6 blocks (lettuce) and 4 blocks (pepper). Seeds were sown directly into the containers of mycorrhizal inoculated media. All treatments received the same fertilizer regime. Cell volume had no significant effects on green pepper fresh weight, dry weight, stem diameter, leaf area or leaf number but the lettuce Cell Pack plants had significantly higher fresh and dry weights, more leaves and higher leaf area. The Fafard Bulk and the Compost mix gave significantly higher fresh and dry weights than did the other two media for both green pepper and lettuce. Mycorrhizal species did not influence plant growth with the exception of leaf area in green peppers and shoot dry weight in lettuce.

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Produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i5.3690 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 98

Author(s):

A. K. Oliveira ◽

J. S. S. Lima ◽

A. M. A. Bezerra ◽

G. S. O. Rodrigues ◽

M. L. S. Medeiros

Keyword(s):

Green Manure ◽

Cropping Systems ◽

Block Design ◽

Residual Effect ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Soil Improvement ◽

Productive Capacity ◽

Randomized Complete Block Design ◽

Promising Practice ◽

Commercial Yield

Sistemas de cultivo com incorporação de adubos verdes podem preservar a capacidade produtiva do solo em longo prazo, oferecendo resíduos que proporcionarão melhorias nas condições físicas, química e biológica do solo tornando-o propício para a implantação de uma cultura sucedente. Diante disso, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar produção de rabanete sob o efeito residual da adubação verde no consórcio de beterraba e rúcula. O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos utilizados foram o efeito residual de quatro quantidades de flor-de-seda incorporadas ao solo (10, 25, 40 e 55 t ha-¹ em base seca). As características avaliadas na cultura do rabanete foram: altura e diâmetro de plantas, número de folhas, produtividade total e comercial de raízes, massa seca da parte aérea e de raízes. O efeito residual da incorporação de flor-de-seda ao solo na quantidade de 55 t ha-¹ proporcionou a maior produtividade de raízes comerciais de rabanete, e assim podemos afirmar que a adubação verde com flor-de-seda apresenta-se como uma prática promissora para o produtor de hortaliças em cultivo sucessivo.Radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugulaAbstract: Cropping systems in with incorporation of green manures can preserve the productive capacity of the soil over time providing waste to the soil improvement in the conditions physical, chemical and biological, making it suitable for the implementation of a succeeding crop. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the radish production under the residual effect of green manure in the consortium beet and arugula. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design with five replications. The treatments were the residual effect of four amounts of fleur-de-silk incorporated into the soil (10, 25, 40 and 55 t ha-¹ dry basis). The characteristics evaluated in the radish production were: plant height, diameter, total and commercial yield of roots, dry weight of shoots and roots. The residual effect of the fleur-de-silk incorporation into the soil in the amount of 55 t ha-¹ provided the highest yield of commercial radish roots. The green manure with fleur-de-silk was presented as a promising practice for the producer of vegetables in succeeding crop.

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