scholarly journals Effect of barium selenate injections on fertility of Pirlak ewes subjected to estrus synchronization during non-breeding season

2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (8) ◽  
pp. 479-482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mushap Kuru ◽  
Osman Sogukpinar ◽  
Mustafa Makav ◽  
Nebi Cetin
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Synchronization Protocol ◽  
Lambing Rate

This study was aimed at determining the effect of barium selenate injections on the fertility of Pirlak ewes which had been subjected to progesterone-assisted estrus synchronization during the non-breeding season. A total of 150 Pirlak ewes between the ages of 2 and 5 years were used in the study. Sponges containing progesterone were inserted into the vaginas of the ewes for 11 (groups I and III) or 14 days (groups II and IV) for the purpose of estrus synchronization, and 500 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was administered on the day of sponge removal. In addition, barium selenate was injected s.c. immediately before estrus synchronization protocol in groups I and III. After the sponges had been removed, estrus was observed for four days. The ewes were mated with fertile rams. The pregnancy was determined by transrectal ultrasonography 30 days after mating. It was observed that the estrus rate, pregnancy rate, conception rate, lambing rate, twinning rate, and litter size were not statistically different (P > 0.05) between the groups, but estrus onset was different (P < 0.001). In conclusion, barium selenate injections did not affect the fertility parameters before progesterone-assisted synchronization was applied to the Pirlak ewes during the non-breeding season

scholarly journals Synchronization Protocols in Spanish Merino Sheep: Reduction in Time to Estrus by the Addition of eCG to a Progesterone-Based Estrus Synchronization Protocol

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Gardón ◽  
Begoña Escribano ◽  
Susana Astiz ◽  
Salvador Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Medroxyprogesterone Acetate ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Merino Sheep ◽  
Ewe Lambs ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

Abstract An appropriate management of reproduction allows ewes to breed at a more intensive rhythm, more compatible with economic efficiency of farms. Hence, the objectives of the present work were to evaluate a traditional estrus synchronization protocol (based on medroxyprogesterone acetate-impregnated intravaginal sponges combined or not with equine chorionic gonadotropin) on a Merino sheep herd during the breeding season, in order to determine the best working protocol for this breed. A total of 277 sheep, blocked by age (200 ewes and 77 ewe lambs) were randomly allocated to four groups, two of ewes (E and Ee) and two of ewe lambs (L and Le). All females received 60 mg MAP (medroxyprogesterone acetate) sponges on the first day. At the day of removal the animals of groups Ee and Le received 450 IU of eCG (equine chorionic gonadotropin). Mean estrus synchronization rate was 92.06% and similar among groups. Time to estrus was shorter for Ee (46.93±12.44 h) and Le (44.34±10.76 h), when compared to treatments without eCG (60.60±20.46 h and 58.68±17.72 h for E and L, respectively; P<0.05 for both). Pregnancy rates were 71.35 and 72.86% for ewes and ewe lambs, respectively, and similar among groups. Lambing rates were lower in ewes (1.36) than in ewe lambs (1.85) with no significant effect of eCG. The study demonstrates the efficacy of the synchronization method with MAP and the reduction in the time to estrus induced by eCG in Spanish Merino ewes and ewe lambs during the breeding season.

Efficiency of mating, artificial insemination or resynchronisation at different times after first timed artificial insemination in postpartum Nellore cows to produce crossbred calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walvonvitis Baes Rodrigues ◽  
Jean do Prado Jara ◽  
Juliana Correa Borges ◽  
Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽  
Urbano Pinto Gomes de Abreu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Device Removal ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

The objective of this trial was to evaluate different post-timed artificial insemination (TAI) reproductive managements in postpartum beef cows to produce crossbred calves from artificial insemination (AI). Nellore cows (n = 607), with 45 days postpartum, were inseminated at a fixed time, using a protocol that included an intravaginal progesterone-releasing device along with oestradiol benzoate, prostaglandin, equine chorionic gonadotropin, and oestradiol cypionate, followed TAI 48 h post-device removal. Four post-TAI treatments were evaluated: in CONTROL (T1, n = 161), cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). In OBSERVATION (T2, n = 132), heat detection was performed for 15–25 days post-TAI, followed by AI. In RESYNC22 (T3, n = 157) and RESYNC30 (T4, n = 157), resynchronisation started after 22 or 30 days, following second TAI at Day 32 or 40 days after first TAI. In T2, T3 and T4, after the second AI, cows were exposed to Nellore clean-up bulls until the end of the breeding season (75 days). The pregnancy rate (PR) for the first TAI did not differ (54.6%, 53.0%, 59.2%, and 51.6% for CONTROL, OBSERVATION, RESYNC 22, and RESYNC 30, respectively; P = 0.66), and no difference was observed for the second TAI (RESYNC 22 = 45.31% and RESYNC30 = 46.05%; P = 0.137), in the PR at the end of the breeding season (86.33%, 86.36%, 78.98%, and 81.52%, P = 0.43), or embryonic losses (4.54%, 2.85%, 6.45% and 7.40%, respectively; P = 0.61), but the percentage of crossbred pregnancy was higher in groups with resynchronisation (RESYNC22 and RESYNC30) than CONTROL and OBSERVATION (98.38%, 90.62%, 63.30%, 78.95%, P &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, resynchronisation programs of 22 or 30 days are more efficient to produce AI products, and the final pregnancy rate is similar among the treatments, differing only in the amount of calves produced by AI.

15 FERTILITY LEVELS IN EWES TREATED WITH MEDROXIPROGESTERONE ACETATE OR FLUOROGESTONE ACETATE SPONGES PLUS EQUINE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF THE OESTRUS CYCLE

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
F. Requena ◽  
B. Escribano ◽  
P. Tovar ◽  
J. C. Gardón
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Follicular Phase ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Estrus Cycle ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Sexually Mature

Commercial programs of estrus synchronization in ewes are performed with intravaginal sponges impregnated with synthetic progestagens such as medroxiprogesterone acetate (MAP) or fluorogestone acetate (FGA). Normally, sponges are placed deep into the vagina in cyclic females at different points in the estrus cycle. The aim of the present study was to compare fertility levels in ewes with estrus synchronized by using commercial sponges impregnated with either 60 mg of MAP (eMAP) or 30 mg of FGA (eFGA), placed during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrus cycle, plus eCG. A total of 273 sexually mature Merino ewes belonging to the same herd, aged between 2.5 and 5.5 years and clinically healthy, were scanned by transrectal ultrasonography with an 8-MHz probe (Aquila, Esaote-Pie Medical, Maastricht, The Netherlands) to visualize the ovarian status in the reproductive season. Ovaries without CL and follicles ≥4 mm were considered in the follicular phase, whereas ovaries with CL and follicles ≤4 mm were considered in the luteal phase. Thus, estrus synchronization was performed in 134 ewes treated with eMAP (Sincrogest, Ovejero Lab, Spain), of which 40 were in the follicular phase and 94 were in the luteal phase. In contrast, 139 ewes were treated with eFGA (Sincropart, CEVA Lab, Barcelona, Spain), of which 42 were in the follicular phase and 97 were in the luteal phase. Sponges were removed in all females after 12 days and 500 IU of eCG (Serigan, Ovejero Lab, Leon, Spain) was given. Ewes were then placed jointly with rams, at a ratio of 5 to 1, until no signs of mount were detected. Twenty-five days after the withdrawal of males, pregnancy rates were determined by transrectal ultrasonography with an 8-MHz probe. Fertility levels of synchronized estrus with the eMAP or eFGA sponges during the follicular or luteal phase are expressed as a proportion of ewes and were analyzed by a chi-square Pearson analysis. Significance was set at a level of P < 0.05. After ultrasound scanning of the initial 273 ewes, 30.04% were considered to be in the follicular phase, whereas 69.96% were in the luteal phase of the estrus cycle. Pregnancy rate for eMAP-treated ewes during the follicular phase was 67.50% and was 69.14% for treatments during the luteal phase. In addition, for ewes treated with eFGA, pregnancy rate was 73.80% during the follicular phase and 73.19% during the luteal phase. No significant differences were found in pregnancy rates for either eMAP- or eFGA-treated ewes during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrus cycle. In conclusion, these results suggest that during the breeding season, fertility levels were not affected in ewes whose estrus was synchronized with intravaginal sponges impregnated with MAP or FGA. In addition, pregnancy rates were not affected when the synchronization treatments began during the follicular or luteal phase of the estrus cycle.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF KISPEPTIN-10 AS AN ALTERNATIVE TO ECG IN ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION PROTOCOL ON IMPROVING THE REPRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF KARADI EWES

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-546
Author(s):  
T. A. Abdulkareem ◽  
S. J. Muhammad ◽  
A. N. Yousif
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

This study was conducted to examine the effect of Kisspeptin-10 as an alternative to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) in estrus- synchronization protocol for improving the reproductive performance of Karadi ewes. Forty adult ewes of 3-7 years old and 65–70 kg live body weight were equally divided into four equal groups. Animals were inserted with a progestagen (60 mg MAP)-impregnated sponges for 13 days as estrus synchronization protocol. Following withdrawal of sponges, first group was served as control (C) and intramuscularly injected with normal saline only. The second group was intramuscularly injected with 250 IU of eCG (eCG), while those of third and fourth groups were intravenously injected with 4 and 8 µg /kg body weight of Kisspeptin-10, referred as Kisspeptin1 and Kisspeptin2 groups respectively. Serum progesterone and LH concentrations did not significantly differ among groups before estrus synchronization protocol and eCG or Kisspeptin treatments. The two Kisspeptin-injected groups attained better (P≤0.01) overall mean estrus (100%), fertility (90%), conception (90 and 100%, respectively), lambing (90%), and twinning (10%) rates with lesser barrenness (10%) as compared with the other groups. Moreover, eCG and Kisspeptin groups exhibited greater (P≤ 0.01) percentage of increasing fecundity (233%) and extra lambs born (0.7) than the control group. In conclusion, treatment of Karadi ewes either with Kisspeptin-10 or eCG hormones enhanced the overall reproductive performance, but did not affect serum progesterone and LH concentrations.

scholarly journals Oestrus synchronisation with progesterone-containing sponge and equine chorionic gonadotropin in Pirlak ewes during the non-breeding season: can Toryum improve fertility parameters?

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Mushap Kuru ◽  
Buket Boga Kuru ◽  
Osman Sogukpinar ◽  
Cigdem Cebi Sen ◽  
Hasan Oral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Multiple Birth ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractIntroductionThe aim of the study was to determine the effect of the vitamins, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid and minerals in the supplement Toryum administered before and during oestrus synchronisation on some fertility parameters of ewes during the non-breeding season.Material and MethodsThe experimental animals were clinically healthy Pirlak ewes, 55–75 days postpartum, aged 2–4 years and weighing 40–50 kg. A sponge was inserted into the vagina for 10 d (G1, n = 30; G2, n = 30) or 14 d (G3, n = 30; G4, n = 30) for oestrus synchronisation, and on the day of removal, 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotropin was injected. Toryum soft capsules were administered individually (1 capsule/ewe p.o.) to G1 and G3 ewes seven days before the sponge was inserted and on the day it was removed. Oestrus detection was started 12 h after sponge removal. Pregnancy was diagnosed by transrectal ultrasonography on the 30th day after mating.ResultsThe pregnancy rate was statistically different between G1 and G4 (P < 0.05). The onset of oestrus was statistically different (P < 0.001) between the 10-d groups (G1 and G2) and the 14-d groups (G3 and G4). The litter size and oestrus, conception, lambing, multiple birth, and survival rates were not significantly different between the groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionToryum administered to Pirlak ewes during progesterone-based oestrus synchronisation protocols during the non-breeding season may increase pregnancy rates. The relationship between Toryum and fertility parameters in ewes would be better understood by comprehensive studies.

scholarly journals 142 Evaluation of estrus detection patches as a tool to classify postpartum beef cows as estrous cycling or anestrous prior to the start of the breeding season

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 116-117
Author(s):  
Emily G Smith ◽  
Rachael C Bonacker ◽  
Carson M Andersen ◽  
Jordan M Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
Type Ii Errors ◽  
Estrous Cycling

Abstract Estrus detection patches were evaluated as a tool to classify postpartum cows as estrous cycling or anestrous at the start of the breeding season. EstrotectTM Breeding Indicators were applied to 257 postpartum beef cows in three locations 25 days prior to the start of estrus synchronization. Coincident with the start of estrus synchronization, patches were scored using a 1 to 4 scale (1 = 0–25%; 2 = 25–50%; 3 = 50–75%; 4 = 75–100%) with scores of 3 or 4 considered activated. Blood samples were collected from each cow 10 days prior to, and at the start of the estrus synchronization. Serum progesterone concentrations were determined via radioimmunoassay; cows were considered estrous cycling if one or both samples exceeded a concentration of 0.5 ng/ml. Based on progesterone, 54.9% of cows were estrous cycling at the start of estrus synchronization. When missing patches were considered inconclusive results, use of patches to infer estrous cyclicity resulted in 85.0% sensitivity and 79.2% specificity with a positive predictive value of 87.2%. However, 75.1% of all cows presented with missing patches at the start of synchronization. If missing patches were considered activated, sensitivity was 95.7%, but specificity (16.4%) and PPV (58.2%) were poor, as 47.6% of cows presenting with missing patches were anestrous based on progesterone. Across all cows, pregnancy rate to AI was 58.0% (149/257). Cows with activated patches that were classified as false positives based on serum progesterone concentrations achieved a 71.4% (5/7) pregnancy rate to AI, raising questions as to whether sensitivity was underestimated due to inherent Type II errors in classification of cyclicity via progesterone. In summary, estrus detection aids are a sensitive tool to identify estrous cycling postpartum cows prior to the start of the breeding season; however, poor specificity and patch retention are limitations for this application.

scholarly journals Use of hormonal subdoses applied in Bai Hui acupuncture in estrus synchronization protocols for goats

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Oliveira de Souza ◽  
Monna Lopes de Araújo ◽  
Carmo Emanuel Almeida Biscarde ◽  
Claudinéia da Silva Mendes ◽  
Mariana Alves de Andrade Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Reproductive Parameters ◽  
Follicular Growth ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Estrus Detection ◽  
Detection Coverage ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of delivering reduced doses of hormones via the Bai Hui acupoint in estrus synchronization in goats. A total of 40 goats received intravaginal sponges with medroxyprogesterone acetate for 7 days. The goats were then randomly distributed into 5 treatment: T1 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol and 300 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), both by intramuscular injection (IM); T2 - application of 39.75 ?g cloprostenol at the Bai Hui acupoint, and 300 IU of eCG by IM; T3 - application of 132.5 ?g of cloprostenol by IM, and 90 IU of eCG at the Bai Hui acupoint; T4 - application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both in Bai Hui and T5 acupuncture: application of 39.75?g of cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, both applied in false acupoint. The goats were subjected to an estrus synchronization protocol and monitored for estrus detection, coverage and evaluation of reproductive parameters to detect entry into estrus. The data were subjected to normality tests, followed by appropriate statistical analyses of each variable. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the percentage of animals in estrus (95.00 ± 11.18%), interval between sponge removal and beginning of estrus (49.72 ± 8.93 h), interval between sponge removal and end of estrus (76.84 ± 11.98 h), duration of estrus (27.08 ± 8.68 h), size of the largest follicle (6.82 ± 0.44 mm), interval between sponge removal and ovulation (78.28 ± 10.82 h), time from ovarian onset to estrus (28.52 ± 5.44 h), follicular growth rate (0.86 ± 0.29 mm/day), number of ovulations (1.32 ± 0.23), plasma progesterone concentration at 7 days after ovulation (10.28 ± 1.65 ng.mL-1), and gestation rate at 30 days after the beginning of estrus (75 ± 12.5%). However, the cost of the synchronization protocol per animal was 43.42% lower in treatments 4 and 5 (30% of the doses) than in treatment 1 (100% of the dose). Ovulation and estrus were efficiently synchronized with the use of 39.75 ?g of sodium cloprostenol and 90 UI of eCG, applied at the Bai Hui acupoint or at a false acupoint.

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) enhances reproductive responses in CIDR-EB treated lactating anovular Nili-Ravi buffalo during the breeding season

2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 28-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Saboor Khan ◽  
Muhammad Shafiq Haider ◽  
Mubbashar Hassan ◽  
Ali Husnain ◽  
Muhammad Rizwan Yousuf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin

scholarly journals 215SUCCESSFUL OUT-OF-BREEDING SEASON ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION FOLLOWED BY FIXED TIME INSEMINATION IN WATERBUFFALO (BUBALUS BUBALIS)

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Züge ◽  
U. Rodacki ◽  
A.T. Grandi ◽  
J.M.J. Aerts ◽  
P.E.J. Bols
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Sao Paulo ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
São Paulo ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Synchronization Protocol

The most important barrier to the increase of buffalo productivity is an overall poor reproductive efficiency, characterized by late sexual maturity, seasonal anestrus and long periods of postpartum ovarian inactivity resulting in extended calving intervals and poor expression of estrus behavior (Singh J et al., 2000, Anim. Reprod. Sci. 60–61, 593–604). Buffaloes are seasonal breeders with the highest reproductive activities during winter (short day lengths) and a high frequency of anestrus during the summer months (Singh G et al. 1985, Ind. J. Anim. Res. 19, 57–60). Recent research demonstrated that a combination of progesterone, estradiol benzoate and equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) was effective for estrus induction and synchronization in buffalo heifers under Mediterranean conditions (Barile et al. 2001, Livestock Prod. Sci. 68, 283–287). The aim of the present study was to investigate the impact of an estrus synchronization protocol on reproductive efficiency of water buffalo during out of the normal breeding season. A total of six heifers (21 to 23 months of age) and three cows (5, 6 and 18 years of age) were enrolled in an estrus synchronization protocol lasting for 12 days. All animals were kept under tropical conditions in the coastal part of Paraná (Antonina), about 450km south of São Paulo. The experiment was performed in December, 2002, during the Brazilian summer season, when reproductive efficiency of buffaloes is greatly reduced. On the first day of the protocol (Day 0), animals were implanted with an intravaginal device containing 1g of progesterone (DIB, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and injected with 10mg estradiol benzoate (Estrogin, Famavet, São Paulo, Brazil). On Day 9, the DIB implant was removed and the animals received 150μg (i.m.) of cloprostenol (Prolise, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and 2500 IU of eCG (Novormon, Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina). On Day 11, all animals received 1500 IU of hCG (Vetecor, Lab. Calier, Spain). Artificial insemination (AI) was performed on Day 12 using frozen-thawed semen from a bull of proven fertility. Only one AI was performed per heifer/cow. Pregnancies were determined by ultrasound examination at 53 days following AI and confirmed by rectal palpation at 90 days post AI. The use of this estrus synchronization protocol, followed by fixed-time insemination, resulted in four pregnant heifers (66%) and three pregnant cows (100%). Our results demonstrate that buffalo reproduction can be successful during out-of-breeding season when adequate hormonal treatment is used. Additional experiments should be done to validate the protocol.

scholarly journals Study on the effect of insemination time on pregnancy rate of Bangladeshi buffalo in intensive farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152
Author(s):  
MA Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Conception Rate ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasonography ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Intensive Farming ◽  
Rectal Palpation

The study was designed to evaluate the insemination time and pregnancy rate of Bangladeshi buffalo at Lal Teer Livestock Breeding and Research Farm, Bhaluka, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during January 2017 to June 2018. A total of 30 cyclic buffaloes were included in this study. The animals were inseminated under four different times, i.e. inseminated i) between 0-6 hours after seeing first sign of estrous, ii) between 6-12 hours after seeing first sign of estrous, iii) between 12-18 hours after seeing first sign of estrous and v) between 18-24 hours after seeing first sign of estrous. The pregnancies (positive or negative) were confirmed by rectal palpation and transrectal ultrasonography after 60 days of artificial insemination (AI). The total pregnant animals in this study were 40%. The highest pregnancy rate (60%) was observed in insemination between 12-18 hours after seeing first sign of estrous and the lowest pregnancy rate (0%) was observed in insemination between 0-6 hours after seeing first sign of estrous. The findings of the study suggest that, the conception rate of buffalo depend on the time of AI, detection of proper estrus symptoms and site of semen deposition. SAARC J. Agri., 16(2): 143-152 (2018)

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document