scholarly journals Phosphorus forms and lability of organic matter during anaerobic digestion of swine manure

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (5Supl1) ◽  
pp. 2107 ◽  
Author(s):  
José de Souza Oliveira Filho ◽  
Thales Vinicius de Araújo Viana ◽  
Benito Moreira de Azevedo ◽  
Geocleber Gomes de Sousa ◽  
Marcos Gervasio Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P

Understanding the dynamics of the organic matter and nutrients in pig manure submitted to anaerobic digestion is important to assist in decision-making regarding the use of anaerobic biofertilizer in agriculture. Accordingly, this study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the changes in organic matter, quantified as the content of carbon in the humic and oxidizable fractions, and in the content of the organic and inorganic forms of phosphorus in the solid fraction of the manure, as a function of digestion time in anaerobic reactors. Evaluations were carried out after 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, and 49 days of digestion, and the results were compared to the raw manure. Changes in organic matter occurred mostly in the labile fractions (fulvic acid and the F1 fraction), the content of which underwent a reduction, favoring the accumulation of more recalcitrant fractions in the final biofertilizer (humic acid and the F2, F3, and F4 fractions). Total P content did not change throughout the digestion process. However, the size of inorganic fraction of water-extractable P decreased by 16.7% after 49 days of digestion, as it was consumed by the decomposing microbiota to form stabilized organic matter, which accumulated along with the more recalcitrant fractions of P in the final biofertilizer. Therefore, the use of swine manure-derived anaerobic biofertilizer has less risk of environmental contamination with excessive P than the direct application of raw manure to the soil.

scholarly journals Phosphorus accumulation and pollution potential in a hapludult fertilized with pig manure

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 1333-1342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Guardini ◽  
Jucinei José Comin ◽  
Danilo Rheinheimer dos Santos ◽  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Tales Tiecher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Swine Manure ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Adsorption Sites ◽  
P Accumulation ◽  
P Content ◽  
Subsurface Waters ◽  
Total P

Successive applications of pig litter to the soil surface can increase the phosphorus (P) content and alter its adsorption, promoting P transfer to surface or subsurface waters. The purpose of this study was to evaluate P accumulation and the pollution potential of a soil after application of pig litter. In March 2010, eight years after the installation of an experiment in Braço do Norte, Santa Catarina, SC, Brazil, on a Typic Hapludult, soil was sampled (layers 0-2.5, 2.5-5, 5-10, 10-15, 15-20 and 20-30 cm) after the following fertilization treatments: no pig litter fertilization, pig slurry application and pig manure application. In this period, 694 and 1,890 kg P2O5 ha-1 were applied in the treatments with pig slurry and pig manure, respectively. The P content was determined, based on Mehlich-1, anion exchange resin (AER), 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 and total P in the samples. The adsorption isotherm parameters were also determined by the Langmuir and Koski-Vähälä & Hartikainem models in the layers 0-2.5 and 20-30 cm. The application of 1,890 kg P2O5 ha-1 in the form of pig manure led to P accumulation, as evidenced by Mehlich-1, down to a depth of 15 cm, by AER and 0.01 mol L-1 CaCl2 down to 20 cm and by total P to 30 cm. After application of 1,890 kg P2O5 ha-1 in the form of pig manure, the values of maximum P adsorption capacity were lowest in the deepest layer (20-30 cm), indicating the occupation of part of the adsorption sites of the particles. The application of swine manure to the soil over eight years increased the P quantity in the soil solution of the surface layer, indicating environmental contamination risk for surface and subsurface waters.

SORPTION OF CARBON AND PHOSPHORUS FROM LIQUID POULTRY MANURE BY SOIL AGGREGATES OF DIFFERING SIZE

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. K. BHATNAGAR ◽  
M. H. MILLER
Keyword(s):  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Aggregate Size ◽  
Liquid Manure ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Supernatant Liquid ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Manure Slurry ◽  
Total P

A series of laboratory experiments was conducted to determine the mechanism(s) responsible for a previously reported observation that addition of liquid manure to soil increased the NaHCO3-extractable P (Ext-P) of large aggregates (> 2 mm) more than that of smaller aggregates whereas addition of an inorganic P solution did not. Application of liquid poultry manure increased the total P, Ext-P and total C concentrations in large aggregates (> 2 mm) much more (> 2.5 ×) than that in small aggregates (< 1 mm). Addition of inorganic P solution or of supernatant liquid from a centrifuged manure slurry increased the P content of the large aggregates only slightly (1.2 ×). A greater increase in Ext-P in large aggregates was observed even when the smaller aggregates were purposely layered on top of the larger ones prior to addition of the liquid manure. A similar but less pronounced effect of aggregate size on increase in P or C concentration was observed when different sized aggregates were left in contact with an effectively infinite source of liquid manure for 24 h. It is concluded that the larger aggregates absorbed more of the bulk manure slurry than smaller aggregates. A partial sealing of small aggregates by particulates is suggested as a possible mechanism. Key words: Carbon, phosphorus, liquid manure, soil aggregates

scholarly journals Phosphorus forms in leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rogério Piccin ◽  
Rafael da Rosa Couto ◽  
Roque Júnior Sartori Bellinaso ◽  
Luciano Colpo Gatiboni ◽  
Lessandro De Conti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Available P ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
P Fractionation ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Phosphorus Forms ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate phosphorus forms in grape leaves and their relationships with must composition and yield in grapevines grown in a Typic Hapludalf with different available P contents. Two experiments were carried out with Vitis viniferacultivars, one with 'Tannat' and the other with 'Cabernet Franc' grapes. Experiment 1 consisted of two vineyards of 'Tannat', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 11.8 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 34.6 mg kg-1 P. Experiment 2 consisted of two vineyards of 'Cabernet Franc', with the following P content in the soil: V1, 16.0 mg kg-1 P; and V2, 37.0 mg kg-1 P. Leaves were collected at flowering (FL) and veraison (V), and, after their preparation, P forms were evaluated. Yield and must composition were assessed. The highest yield was observed in V2 of experiment 1 and in V2 of experiment 2. Total P content and P forms in leaves at FL and V have no relationship with yield parameters; however, total P content in leaves has a relationship with anthocyanin content in the must of 'Tannat' grapevines. Therefore, P fractionation in leaves predicts neither grapevine yield nor must composition.

Soil phosphorus depletion capacity of arbuscular mycorrhizae formed by maize hybrids

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Liu ◽  
C. Hamel ◽  
S. H. Begna ◽  
B. L. Ma ◽  
D. L. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
Total P ◽  
Extractable Soil

The ability of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi to help their host plant absorb soil P is well known, but little attention has been paid to the effect of AM fungi on soil P depletion capacity. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assess, under different P levels, the effects of mycorrhizae on extractable soil P and P uptake by maize hybrids with contrasting phenotypes. The experiment had three factors, including two mycorrhizal treatments (mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal), three P fertilizer rates (0, 40, and 80 mg kg-1) and three maize hybrids [leafy normal stature (LNS), leafy reduced stature (LRS) and a conventional hybrid, Pioneer 3979 (P3979)]. Extractable soil P was determined after 3, 6 and 9 wk of maize growth. Plant biomass, P concentration and total P content were also determined after 9 wk of growth. Fertilization increased soil extractable P, plant biomass, P concentration in plants and total P uptake. In contrast to P3979, the LNS and LRS hybrids had higher biomass and total P content when mycorrhizal. Mycorrhizae had less influence on soil extractable P than on total P uptake by plants. The absence of P fertilization increased the importance of AM fungi for P uptake, which markedly reduced soil extractable P under AM plants during growth. This effect was strongest for LNS, the most mycorrhizae-dependent hybrid, intermediate for LRS, and not significant for the commercial hybrid P3979, which did not respond to AM inoculation. Key words: Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, extraradical hyphae, maize hybrid,plant biomass, P uptake, soil extractable P

scholarly journals Recycling of nutrients with application of organic waste in degraded pasture

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 405-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriane de A. Silva ◽  
Adriana M. da Costa ◽  
Regina M. Q. Lana ◽  
Ângela M. Q. Lana
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Swine Manure ◽  
Organic Wastes ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Soil Parameters ◽  
Degraded Pasture

The utilization of organic wastes represents an alternative to recover degraded pasture. The experiment aimed to assess the changes caused by the provision of different organic waste (poultry litter, turkey litter and pig manure) in a medium-textured Oxisol in Brazilian Savanna under degraded pasture. It was applied different doses of waste compared to the use of mineral fertilizers and organic mineral and evaluated the effect on soil parameters (pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) and leaf of Brachiariadecumbens (crude protein, phosphorus and dry mass production). It was observed that application of organic waste did not increase the level of soil organic matter and pH in the surface layer, and the application of turkey litter caused acidification at depths of 0.20-0.40 m and 0.40-0.60 m. There was an increase in P and K in the soil with the application of poultry litter and swine manure. All organic wastes increased the productivity of dry matter and crude protein and phosphorus. The recycling of nutrients via the application of organic waste allows efficiency of most parameters similar to those observed with the use of mineral sources, contributing to improving the nutritional status of soil-plantsystem.

scholarly journals Development of a Modified Plug-Flow Anaerobic Digester for Biogas Production from Animal Manures

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gómez ◽  
Ramos-Suárez ◽  
Fernández ◽  
Muñoz ◽  
Tey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Plug Flow ◽  
Total Solid ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Methane Yield ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Methane Potential

Traditional plug-flow anaerobic reactors (PFRs) are characterized by lacking a mixing system and operating at high total solid concentrations, which limits their applicability for several kinds of manures. This paper studies the performance of a novel modified PFR for the treatment of pig manure, characterized by having an internal sludge mixing system by biogas recirculation in the range of 0.270–0.336 m3 m−3 h−1. The influence on the methane yield of four operating parameters (recirculation rate, hydraulic retention time, organic loading rate, and total solids) was evaluated by running four modified PFRs at the pilot scale in mesophilic conditions. While the previous biodegradability of organic matter by biochemical methane potential tests were between 31% and 47% with a methane yield between 125 and 184 LCH4 kgVS−1, the PFRs showed a suitable performance with organic matter degradation between 25% and 51% and a methane yield of up to 374 LCH4 kgVS−1. Operational problems such as solid stratification, foaming, or scum generation were avoided.

Exchange of Organics, Phosphate and Cations between Sludge and Water in Biological Phosphorus and Nitrogen Removal Processes

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 147-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Arvin ◽  
G. Holm Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Batch Systems ◽  
P Release ◽  
P Content ◽  
Removal Processes ◽  
Biological Phosphorus ◽  
Total P

The stripping of phosphorus, potassium and magnesium, and uptake of organic substrate and calcium was studied in the anaerobic reactors of two biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal plants. Most of the experiments were performed in batch systems simulating the function of the anaerobic reactor. Acetate-, propionate- and lactate addition to the sludge under anaerobic conditions resulted in a significant P-release. The P-release with glucose was significantly smaller. Approximate values for the ∆ P/∆COD ratios were estimated. Average ∆ K/ ∆P and ∆Mg/ ∆P values were estimated to about 0.29 and 0.25 mg/mg, respectively. Phosphate appears to be precipitated simultaneously with the biological P-stripping. In the plant under detailed investigations, about 60% of the total phosphate is precipitated, irrespective of the total P-content in the sludge. Calcium and magnesium are the dominating counterions, the (Ca+Mg)/P molar ratio being about 1.1. Some iron appears also to be associated with the phosphate, 0.6% of the dry sludge.

scholarly journals Dissolving organic matter from low-organic sewage sludge for shortening the anaerobic digestion time

RSC Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (64) ◽  
pp. 36951-36958 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiyong Li ◽  
Yongyou Hu ◽  
Guofu Huang ◽  
Ziqi Yu ◽  
Wei Bi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Digestion Time ◽  
New Process

Pretreatments have been successfully used to shorten the HRT of anaerobic digestion (AD) of sewage sludge, but they become ineffective for low-organic sewage sludge, with HRT > 10 days. A new process below was developed to solve this problem.

Effect of feed/inoculum ratio on anaerobic digestion of sonicated sludge

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 77-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.M. Braguglia ◽  
G. Mininni ◽  
M.C. Tomei ◽  
E. Rolle
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Beneficial Effect ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Soluble Form ◽  
Excess Sludge ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Anaerobic Reactors ◽  
Kinetics Of

In recent years, relevant interest has been devoted to activated sludge disintegration and solubilisation techniques in order to cope with the biological limitations related to particulate degradation. Mechanical disintegration with ultrasound can efficiently transform insoluble organics into a soluble form: the solubilised organic matter is released from the cells to the bulk phase, thus accelerating the hydrolysis step in the digestion process. Experiments were carried out on bench scale anaerobic reactors fed with either untreated or disintegrated excess sludge, added with a biomass inoculum taken from a full scale anaerobic digester. Digestion tests have been carried out at different feed/inoculum ratios (F/I) in the range of 0.1–2, kinetics of VS reduction has been investigated and a beneficial effect of sonication is observed for all the experimental conditions. Similar beneficial results have also been found for biogas production with a maximum gain of 25% at 0.5 F/I ratio.

Stratification, forms, and mobility of phosphorus in the topsoil of a Chromosol used for dairying

Soil Research ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Dougherty ◽  
D. M. Nash ◽  
D. J. Chittleborough ◽  
J. W. Cox ◽  
N. K. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Soil Phosphorus ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Exponential Relationship ◽  
Soil P ◽  
Mobile Forms ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
P Content ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Total P

The forms and stratification of soil phosphorus (P) and their relationship to mobile forms of P were investigated in soils collected from a subcatchment used for grazing of dairy cattle in the Adelaide Hills, South Australia. Phosphorus in the soils was highly stratified. The concentration of calcium chloride extractable P in the 0–0.01 m increment was, on average, 5.7 times greater than in the 0.05–0.10 m increment. Organic P (% of total P) in the top 0.01 m was significantly (P < 0.001) related to soil P content such that low P soils (total P of ~600 mg/kg) had high proportions of Po (~65%), whereas high P soils (total P of ~2000 mg/kg) had low proportions (~25%) of Po. Runoff P from these soils was predominantly (86%) dissolved (i.e. <0.45 μm). There was a significant (P < 0.001) exponential relationship between Olsen P in the top 0.01 m and dissolved P concentration in runoff. The form of dissolved P in runoff from soil in repacked trays was also significantly (P < 0.001) related to soil P. Runoff from low P soils (high Po) had high proportions (>50%) of dissolved unreactive P (DUP), whereas runoff from high P soils (low Po) had low proportions of DUP (<10%). Ultrafiltration of runoff samples revealed that 94 and 65% of the dissolved reactive P and DUP, respectively, was subcolloidal (i.e. <1 nm). These results highlight the relationship between soil fertility, the forms of soil P, and the concentrations and forms of P mobilised in runoff. Such relationships need to be considered in further studies of P mobilisation and the subsequent development of strategies designed to reduce runoff P concentrations.

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