scholarly journals Growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sour passion fruit as a function of the cationic nature of water

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 583-598
Author(s):  
Francisco Jean da Silva Paiva ◽  
◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Vera Lúcia Antunes de Lima ◽  
Jailton Garcia Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Academic Unit ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, photosynthetic pigments, and photochemical efficiency of sour passion fruit cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado irrigated with waters of different cationic natures. The experiment was carried out from March 2019 to January 2020 in a protected environment belonging to the Academic Unit of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Campina Grande (UFCG), Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. The treatments consisted of eight combinations of irrigation water with different cationic natures: S1 - Control; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Mg2+; S5 - Na+ + Ca2+; S6 - Na+ + Mg2+; S7 - Ca2+ + Mg2+, and S8 - Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+. Plants in the control treatment (S1) were irrigated using water with an electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.4 dS m-1, while the other treatments (S2; S3; S4; S5; S6; S7; and S8) were subjected to an ECw of 3.5 dS m-1. Sour passion fruit growth was affected by variations in the level of electrical conductivity, regardless of the cationic nature of irrigation water. The use of salinized water with sodium favored the synthesis of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and carotenoids of passion fruit plants at 180 days after transplanting. The distinct cationic natures of irrigation water did not influence the fluorescence variables of sour passion fruit.

scholarly journals DANO CELULAR E PIGMENTOS FOTOSSINTÉTICOS DO MARACUJAZEIRO-AZEDO EM FUNÇÃO DA NATUREZA CATIÔNICA DA ÁGUA

Irriga ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-669
Author(s):  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
WESLLEY BRUNO BELO DE SOUZA ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Cellular Damage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Passiflora Edulis Sims ◽  
E Mail ◽  
Sour Passion Fruit

DANO CELULAR E PIGMENTOS FOTOSSINTÉTICOS DO MARACUJAZEIRO-AZEDO EM FUNÇÃO DA NATUREZA CATIÔNICA DA ÁGUA   GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA1; WESLLEY BRUNO BELO DE SOUZA2; LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES3; FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO4; HANS RAJ GHEYI5 E VALESKA KAROLINI NUNES OLIVEIRA6   1 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. E-mail: geovani.soares@p             q.cnpq.br. 2 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 3 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 4 Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].  5Unidade Acadêmica de Engenharia Agrícola, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Aprígio Veloso, 882 - Universitário, Campina Grande, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected]. 6 Unidade Acadêmica de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, UFCG, Rua Jario Vieira Feitosa, 1770, Bairro dos Pereiros, Pombal, PB, Brasil. E-mail: [email protected].     1 RESUMO   Este trabalho teve como objetivo de avaliar o dano celular e os teores de pigmentos fotossintéticos do maracujazeiro-azedo em função da natureza catiônica da água de irrigação. O experimento foi desenvolvido sob condições de casa-de-vegetação em Pombal-PB. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos casualizados, sendo os tratamentos constituídos de seis natureza catiônica da água (S1-Testemunha; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Na+ + Ca2+; S5 - Mg2+ e S6 - Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+), distribuídos em delineamento de blocos ao acaso com quatro repetições, sendo a parcela constituída de duas plantas. As plantas do tratamento testemunha (S1) foram irrigadas com água de condutividade elétrica (CEa) de 0,3 dS m-1 e as demais (S2; S3; S4; S5 e S6) foram cultivadas com CEa de 3,0 dS m-1. A irrigação com água de composição Na+ e Na+ + Ca2+ resultou em maior dano celular nos tecidos foliares. A síntese de clorofila a foi inibida pela salinidade de natureza Mg2+ e Na+ + Ca2+ + Mg2+. A salinidade da água afetou negativamente os teores de clorofila b do maracujazeiro-azedo. O uso de água com composição sódica induziu aumento na síntese de carotenoides em plantas de maracujazeiro-azedo.   Palavras-chave: Passiflora edulis Sims, estresse salino, semiárido.     LIMA, G. S. de; SOUZA, W. B. B. de; SOARES, L. A. dos A.; PINHEIRO, F. W. A.; GHEYI, H. R.; OLIVEIRA, V. K. N. CELL DAMAGE AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF THE SOUR PASSION FRUIT IN FUNCTION OF THE CATIONIC NATURE OF WATER         2 ABSTRACT   This study had the objective of evaluating the cellular damage and the levels of photosynthetic pigments of the sour passion fruit in function of the cationic nature of the irrigation water. The experiment was conducted under greenhouse conditions in Pombal -PB. The experimental design was randomized blocks, with treatments consisting of six cationic nature of water (S1 - Control; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Na++ Ca2+; S5 - Mg2+ and S6 - Na++ Ca2++ Mg2+), distributed in a randomized block design with four replications, and each plot consisting of two plants. The plants of the control treatment (S1) were irrigated with water of electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.3 dS m-1 while those of the other (S2; S3; S4; S5 and S6) were cultivated with ECw of 3.0 dS m-1. Irrigation with Na+ and Na++ Ca2+ water resulted in greater cellular damage in the leaf tissues. The synthesis of chlorophyll a was inhibited by salinity of Mg2+ and Na++ Ca2++ Mg2+. The salinity of the water negatively affected the chlorophyll b content of the sour passion fruit. The use of water with sodium composition induced an increase in the synthesis of carotenoids in sour passion fruit plants.   Keywords: Passiflora edulis Sims, saline stress, semiarid.

scholarly journals Use of Salines Waters and Biofertilizers in Quality of the Seedlings From Passiflora edulis Evaluated by the Dry Phytomass

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
Francisco de O. Mesquita II ◽  
Ana C. M. Meireles ◽  
José L. N. Cardoso ◽  
Carlos W. Oliveira ◽  
Patrycia L. B. Roguides
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Passiflora Edulis ◽  
Maximum Capacity ◽  
Saline Waters ◽  
Salinity Increase ◽  
Polyethylene Bags

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the biofertilizers (common and enriched) in substrate irrigated with saline waters on the quality of the seedlings evaluated by the phytomass from yellow Passiflora edullis. In this sense, an experiment was carried in a greenhouse at the Center of Agricultural Sciences and Biodiversity CCAB/UFCA, Crato-CE, from October/2017 to March/2018. The substrate used was a material of the first 20 cm to depth of a Red Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme of type 5 × 3, with three replications, referring to the electrical conductivity values of the irrigation water: 0.5; 1.0; 2.0; 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1, in the soil without the bovine biofertilizer; in treatments with common biofertilizer and, evaluated in the soil with enriched biofertilizer, conditioned in black polyethylene bags with it a maximum capacity of 5.0 kg, totaling 60 treatments. The fermented bovine biofertilizer after dilution in non-saline and non-chlorinated water (0.5 dS m-1), in the proportion of 1:3, was applied only once to 10% of the substrate volume, two days before sowing. The salinity increase of the irrigation water affected negatively the phytomass production, but with less intensity in the treatments with enriched biofertilizer. The enriched and common biofertilizer provided higher growth and consequently higher phytomass production of passion fruit seedlings in relation to the soil without the respective input, independently of the level of salinity of irrigation water.

scholarly journals GAS EXCHANGES, QUANTUM YIELD AND PHOTOSYNTHETIC PIGMENTS OF WEST INDIAN CHERRY UNDER SALT STRESS AND POTASSIUM FERTILIZATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 429-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
ADAAN SUDARIO DIAS ◽  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽  
West Indian ◽  
Gas Exchanges ◽  
Potassium Fertilization

ABSTRACT Water resources in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil commonly contain high salt concentrations, compromising the quality of water for agriculture. Thus, adopting techniques that make the use of these resources feasible in agriculture is fundamental. The present study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges, quantum yield and photosynthetic pigments of grafted West Indian cherry subjected to salt stress and potassium fertilization under greenhouse conditions in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in randomized blocks, composed of two levels of electrical conductivity - ECw (0.8 and 3.8 dS m-1) of water and four doses of potassium (50, 75, 100 and 125% of the dose recommended for the crop), with three replicates. The dose relative to 100% corresponded to 19.8 g of K2O per plant. Gas exchanges, chlorophyll a fluorescence and photosynthetic pigments of West Indian cherry are negatively affected by irrigation using water with electrical conductivity of 3.8 dS m-1, which compromises the photosynthetic apparatus of the plant, a situation evidenced by the reduction in photosystem II quantum efficiency. Increasing potassium doses led to increments in transpiration, chlorophyll a maximum fluorescence and chlorophyll b content in West Indian cherry grown under salt stress, but do not attenuate the negative effects of irrigation with 3.8 dS m-1 water on its potential photochemical efficiency.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BIOFERTILIZATION ON YELLOW PASSION FRUIT PRODUCTION AND FRUIT QUALITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANA VERÔNICA MENEZES DE AGUIAR ◽  
◽  
LOURIVAL FERREIRA CAVALCANTE ◽  
ROSEANO MEDEIROS DA SILVA ◽  
TONY ANDRESON GUEDES DANTAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Solid Content ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Soluble Solid Content ◽  
Fruit Peel

ABSTRACT This study aimed at evaluating the effects of bovine biofertilizer on passion fruit production and fruit quality. We carried out an experiment in the city of Nova Floresta, Paraíba State, Brazil. It was carried out in a randomized block design with three replications and three plants per plot. We adopted a 3 x 5 factorial scheme, which evaluated three passion fruit genotypes and five cattle biofertilizer doses. The assessed genotypes consisted of a local one (Guinezinho - LG) and two hybrids (BRS Gigante Amarelo - GA and BRS Sol do Cerrado - SC). We applied five rates of cattle biofertilizer (B) monthly at a constant volume of 5 L plant-1, after diluting in irrigation water (W) at an electrical conductivity of 1.4 dS m-1. The evaluated rates were 0% (100% irrigation water - 0B + 5W), 10% (1B + 9W), 20% (2B + 8W), 30% (3B + 7W) and 40% (4B + 6W). Every week, we sampled, counted and weighed fruit to gather data on fruit number per plant, pant production, and yield. At peak production, we also sampled two fruit randomly from each plot floor area. These fruits were used for determinations of the average mass in fruit, peel and pulp (seeds + juice), peel thickness, fruit diameter and length, pulp yield, soluble solid content, titratable acidity, vitamin C, pH and pulp electrical conductivity. As a result, we observed that the biofertilizer did not compromise both LG and GA production capacity. Overall, the biofertilizer doses provided quality characteristics superior to those required by the fruit market.

scholarly journals Gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and hydrogen peroxide1

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Alisson Rodrigues da Silva ◽  
Geovani Soares de Lima ◽  
Carlos Alberto Vieira de Azevedo ◽  
Hans Raj Gheyi ◽  
Leandro de Pádua Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Saline Stress ◽  
Gas Exchanges

ABSTRACT The semi-arid region of the Brazilian Northeast has adequate edaphoclimatic conditions for the passion fruit production, but the water used for irrigation commonly has high concentrations of salts that are harmful to the plant growth and development. A previous supply of hydrogen peroxide induces the acclimation of plants under saline stress conditions, reducing deleterious effects on their growth and physiology. This study aimed to evaluate the gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit as a function of irrigation with saline water and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions, using a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, being four levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity (0.7 dS m-1, 1.4 dS m-1, 2.1 dS m-1 and 2.8 dS m-1) and four hydrogen peroxide concentrations (0 µM, 25 µM, 50 µM and 75 µM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. The hydrogen peroxide application attenuated the deleterious effects of the irrigation water salinity on transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate, internal carbon concentration, plant height and leaf area of yellow passion fruit, at 60 days after sowing, with the concentration of 25 µM being the most efficient. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity above 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affects the gas exchanges and growth of passion fruit, being the stomatal conductance and leaf area the most sensitive variables to the salt stress.

scholarly journals Growth and physiology of ornamental sunflower under salinity in function of paclobutrazol application methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 853-861
Author(s):  
Rafaela F. B. Guimarães ◽  
Sebastião de O. Maia Júnior ◽  
Robson F. de Lima ◽  
Allesson R. de Souza ◽  
Jailma R. de Andrade ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Brackish Waters ◽  
Electrical Conductivities ◽  
Application Methods

ABSTRACT The ornamental sunflower has great importance in the floriculture sector due to the color and vitality of its flowers. However, the production and quality of flowers decrease under salt stress, which can be mitigated with paclobutrazol application. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of different application methods of paclobutrazol in ornamental sunflower ‘Sol Noturno’ irrigated with brackish waters. The experimental design was randomized blocks arranged in a 5 × 3 factorial scheme, corresponding to five electrical conductivities of irrigation water - ECw (0.4; 1.9; 3.4; 4.9, and 6.4 dS m-1) and three paclobutrazol application methods (foliar application, via soil and a control treatment - without paclobutrazol), with four replicates. The increase in salinity of irrigation water reduced gas exchange, photosystem II photochemical efficiency, SPAD index, plant height, and chapter diameter. The paclobutrazol application via soil or foliar increased stomatal conductance and transpiration by 21.09 and 17.80%, respectively, in comparison to plants without application, whereas photosynthesis and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency increased by 28.33 and 31.18% via soil and 14.40 and 16.12% via foliar, respectively. The paclobutrazol application, mainly via soil, favored ‘Sol Noturno’ sunflower plants under salt stress, increasing chlorophyll SPAD index and external chapter diameter, and keeping the number of the petals.

scholarly journals CATIONIC NATURE OF WATER AND HYDROGEN PEROXIDE ON THE FORMATION OF PASSION FRUIT SEEDLINGS1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 904-915
Author(s):  
GEOVANI SOARES DE LIMA ◽  
WESLLEY BRUNO BELO DE SOUZA ◽  
FRANCISCO WESLEY ALVES PINHEIRO ◽  
LAURIANE ALMEIDA DOS ANJOS SOARES ◽  
HANS RAJ GHEYI
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Sodium Calcium ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
S Application

ABSTRACT This study was carried out with the objective of evaluating the water relations, photosynthetic pigments and growth of passion fruit cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado, as a function of the cationic nature of irrigation water and exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide. The experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions in Pombal – PB, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in a 6 × 4 factorial scheme, corresponding to six cationic nature of water - CNW (S1 - Control; S2 - Na+; S3 - Ca2+; S4 - Na++Ca2+; S5 - Mg2+ and S6 - Na++Ca2++Mg2+) and four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide - H2O2 (0, 20, 40 and 60 μM), distributed in a randomized block design with four replicates. Plants in the control treatment (S1) were irrigated using water with electrical conductivity (ECw) of 0.3 dS m-1, while those of the other treatments (S2; S3; S4; S5 and S6) were subjected to ECw of 3.0 dS m-1, prepared with different cation(s). Application of 60 μM of H2O2 reduced the percentage of intercellular electrolyte leakage in plants irrigated with water of calcic composition. Salinity of water composed of sodium, sodium+calcium and sodium+calcium+magnesium, and H2O2 concentrations of 40 and 60 μM resulted in lower leaf water potential. The biomass accumulation of passion fruit was more sensitive to the variation of the electrical conductivity of the water. Regardless of the cationic nature, the use of water with electrical conductivity of 3.0 dS m-1 produced passion fruit seedlings with a Dickson quality index higher than 0.2, considered acceptable.

scholarly journals Hydrogen peroxide in the acclimation of yellow passion fruit seedlings to salt stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
André A. R. da Silva ◽  
Luana L. de S. A. Veloso ◽  
Geovani S. de Lima ◽  
Carlos A. V. de Azevedo ◽  
Hans R. Gheyi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Passion Fruit ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Four Levels ◽  
Yellow Passion Fruit

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of exogenous application of hydrogen peroxide on the emergence, growth and gas exchange of yellow passion fruit seedlings subjected to salt stress. The experiment was conducted in pots (Citropote®) under greenhouse conditions, in the municipality of Campina Grande, PB, Brazil. Treatments were distributed in a randomized block design, in a 4 x 4 factorial arrangement, with four levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water (0.7, 1.4, 2.1 and 2.8 dS m-1) associated with four concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (0, 25, 50 and 75 μM), with four replicates and two plants per plot. Irrigation using water with electrical conductivity above 0.7 dS m-1 negatively affects the emergence and growth of passion fruit. Hydrogen peroxide concentrations between 10 and 30 μM induce the acclimation of passion fruit plants to salt stress, mitigating the deleterious effects of salinity on the relative growth rate in stem diameter and leaf area, stomatal conductance, transpiration, CO2 assimilation rate and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency. Irrigation water salinity combined with hydrogen peroxide concentrations above 30 μM causes reduction in passion fruit growth and physiology.

Response of Plant growth regulators on leaf photosynthetic pigments of pot marigold

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Seyedeh Fatemeh Moosavi Sardoo
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Photosynthetic Pigments ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Total Pigment ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pot Marigold ◽  
Calendula Officinalis L

Effect of gibberellic acidon marigold (Calendula Officinalis L.) was evaluated in a pot culture experiment. A factorial experiment based on completely randomized design including 12 treatments and four replications was carried out. Main factor was foliar application stages (first, second and third) and sub factor included different concentrations of GA3(0, 50, 150 and 250 mg L-1). Results showed that foliar application of GA3had positive effect on photosynthetic pigments. Effect of different concentrations of GA3on chlorophyll a was significant (p<0.01). Chlorophyll a content was enhanced by increase in GA3concentration up to 250 mg L-1 treatment of 250mg L-1 resulted in production of 7.78­µg/L-1chlorophyll a, the index which was to some extent dropped in other concentrations. Different concentrations of GA3 had significant effect on chlorophyll b (p<0.01). Chlorophyll b was increased by increase in GA3concentration up to 250mgL-1. the highest rate of total chlorophyll content and total pigment in three times of application and one application of 250 mg L-1 was 14.6 and 15.4 µg/L-1 respectively; whereas the lowest chlorophyll and pigment content was observed in one foliar application of control treatment with mean value as 4.67 and 5.5 µg/L-1.

scholarly journals Growth, gas exchange and photochemical efficiency of the cowpea bean under salt stress and phosphorus fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 668-679
Author(s):  
Francisco Vanies da Silva Sá ◽  
Miguel Ferreira Neto ◽  
Yuri Bezerra de Lima ◽  
Emanoela Pereira de Paiva ◽  
Rômulo Costa Prata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Photochemical Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Fertilization ◽  
Reproductive Phase ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Phosphate Fertilization

Cowpea is widely cultivated in semiarid regions; however, these regions face serious problems with salinity of water and soil, thus constituting an abiotic stress that limits the development of this species. The objective of this study was to study the influence of phosphate fertilization on the morphophysiological components of cowpea plants irrigated with salinized water during the vegetative and reproductive phase. The research was carried out in a greenhouse from September to December 2015. A randomized complete block design with treatments arranged in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme with five replications was used. The factors consisted of the use of five levels of electrical conductivity of irrigation water: 0.5; 1.5; 2.5; 3.5 and 4.5 dS m-1 and three doses of phosphorus corresponding to 60%, 100% and 140% of the dose recommended for the culture that was 60 kg ha-1. The plants of cowpea cv. Paulistinha were cultivated in lysimeters with a capacity of 8 dm3. At 30 and 49 days after sowing, periods corresponding to the vegetative (V4) and reproductive (V8 / R1) phases of the culture were evaluated gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and growth. The increase in the electrical conductivity of the water reduced the growth, the photochemical activity and the phytomass accumulation of the cowpea plants, independent of the phenological phase. The higher dose of simple superphosphate increased the growth and photosynthetic activity of cowpea, mainly in the reproductive phase; Independent of the salinity of irrigation water.

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